基于BPR思想的集装箱码头集卡作业系统模拟及优化分析
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摘要
随着我国经济体制改革和对外开放政策的实施,我国与世界各国贸易迅速发展,港口集装箱吞吐量保持了高速度的增长,特别是在我国加入WTO后,为我国集装箱运输业提供了良好的发展机遇,各大主要集装箱港口的吞吐量也不断攀升。与此同时,港口经营者遇到的一个普遍问题就是:船公司为了降低成本,要求港口在船舶大型化发展的同时或超前,提高装卸大型集装箱船舶能力,减少船舶在港停留时间,提高船舶装卸船时量,另一方面,港口经营者为了吸引船舶挂靠,就必须提供最具竞争力装卸效率和服务内容,并最大程度地降低港口运营成本,提高企业竞争力。
     这一问题不仅涉及港口航道和码头前沿水深、码头前沿机械设备数量和性能、装卸工艺和效率,还关系到与集装箱港口相匹配的集疏运条件、多式联运组织管理和港口的政策环境等诸多问题。本论文将解决问题的途径集中在优化港口生产运营流程,革新码头装卸工艺模式这一点上,而BPR的发展应用、管理仿真语言WITNESS的诸多优点,使得本课题的研究有理论上的发展和实践上的价值。
     首先对BPR、计算机仿真语言及提高集装箱码头管理水平等问题进行了全面综述,使得本课题的研究有理论上的依据和实践上的方法。
     其次,分析了集装箱港口生产作业系统的构成和特点,详细的讨论了集装箱港口的设施设备、进出口作业流程,以及我国集装箱港口装卸工艺模式的发展,集装箱港口生产效率提高的主导因素、现阶段港口生产流程的优化与码头装卸工艺的革新的对象。同时提出,集卡作业方式研究中的相关问题-对岸桥作业方式研究的必要性。
     第三,讨论了集装箱港口生产运营优化的建模思想——BPR,并应用BPR在港口生产运营优化的方面进行了分析,在此基础上应用ABC的分析方法,对目前港口的生产运营进行了分析,发现作业瓶颈问题的转移过程,并对港口作业的瓶颈问题进行了深入地探析。同时运用循环排队网络对港口作业系统进行了建模,通过对所建立的岸桥作业系统及集卡作业系统分析模型的模拟,从而帮助港口经营者确定可靠、经济的港口设备配备与调度方案。
     第四,利用WITNESS仿真工具,对集装箱港口的岸桥作业系统及集卡作业系统分析模型进行仿真并实现了二维计算机动画模拟,实现了对船舶到港、靠泊、装卸箱、集卡装卸作业及船舶离港系统的模拟。
     最后,通过对集装箱港口岸桥作业系统及集卡作业系统模拟指标的提取和分析,实现对不同方案的优化比选,帮助港口经营者针对不同情况选择合理的岸桥、集卡作业调度方式,提高港口装卸效率。
With the actualization of the policy of economy system innovation and opening to the world, the trade between our country and other nations grows quickly, and the container throughput in terminal keeps increasing with high speed. Especially
    * after China joined the WTO, the container transport in our country faces great development opportunity and the throughput in each main container terminal keeps rising accordingly.
    At the same time, a widespread problem terminal operators meet is that, in order to save the cost, the shipping company requires the terminal operator to improve the ability of handling large container vessels, reduce the time of the vessel settling in port and increase the handling performance in an hour when or before the development of the upsizing container ship; on the other hand, in order to attract vessels to berth, terminal operators should provide the most competitive handling efficiency and service, reduce the operation cost in utmost and improve the enterprise's competitiveness.
    The above-mentioned problem is not only related to the harbor waterway, the fore-dock depth, the amount and performance of the fore-dock machine, the process and efficiency of loading and discharging as well as the ingathering and outputting system, multi-transportation management and the policy of the port etc. This thesis focuses on the method to deal with the problem on optimizing the terminal operation process and reforming the terminal handling process mode. And the development and application of BPR and the many merits of WITNESS make sure that the research on this problem boasts the development in theory and value in practice.
    Firstly, the thesis presents a comprehensive summarization on BPR, computer simulation language and improving the management level of container terminal, which makes sure that the research on this problem boasts the basis in theory and
    * the method in practice.
    Secondly, the structure and characteristic of container terminal's production system are analyzed and the fore-dock equipment and the operation process of the container terminal in details are discussed. The development of the terminal
    "7
    
    
    BPR
    handling process mode and the main factors for improving the operation efficiency and the optimizing of the terminal operation process at this stage and the reforming object of the terminal handling mode are analyzed. The necessity of research on shore crane operation mode that is related to the truck paging operation mode is raised.
    Thirdly, the modeling theory of optimizing the container terminal operation- BPR is analyzed, and then BPR is utilized to analyze the container terminal operation. Based on this, method ABC is applied to analyze the present terminal operation, finding out the bottleneck problem of the transferring progress and probing into the bottleneck problem of the terminal operation. According to the recurring networking theory, the thesis realizes to develop the system model of container terminal's production. It can help terminal operators to determine dependable and economic scheme for allocating and managing working machines of the container terminals to simulate the established models of the shore crane operation system and the truck operation system.
    Fourthly, utilizing the WITNESS software, the author accomplishes simulation of the shore crane operation system and the truck operation system and can realize planar computer dynamic simulation. The author manages to simulate the dynamic process of ship's arrival/berthing, load/unload container, truck convey and load/unload in container yards and ship's departure.
    Finally, according to analysis of the pick-up modeling indication in shore crane operation system and the truck paging system, the thesis accomplishes the choice of different schemes and helps terminal operators to choose the rational management modes of crane and truck and to improve the terminal handling efficiency.
    Guan Xiuguang (Transportation Planning and Management)
    Directed by Liu Wenbai (Professor)
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