重庆大竹林220kV变电站电气设备绝缘在线监测系统研究
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摘要
本文针对变电站电容性设备介质损耗和MOA泄漏电流阻性分量测量的特点和要求，按照以软件分析为主的变电站电气设备绝缘在线监测的原理和实施方案，完成了监测系统硬件、软件的设计、制作并开发了适合于重庆大竹林220kV变电站电气设备绝缘的在线监测装置，完成了装置的安装、调试和运行的数据分析。
本文研究了电容性设备绝缘介质损耗的数字化监测方法：谐波分析法，并采用谐波分析法在现场进行了测试，结果表明该方法在介损测试中具有较高的稳定性和准确性。
本文还研究了用谐波分析法监测MOA泄漏电流阻性分量的原理和实现这一方法对硬件电路的要求。通过理论和实测数据分析表明，该方法能准确反映总阻性泄漏电流和阻性基波泄漏电流。
在硬件电路的实现上，选择了合适的信号传感器：合理设计了信号程控放大电路和滤波电路；数据采样／保持电路和现场基于RS-485网络结构的硬件通信系统；结合软件控制选用了12位高精度的A／D集成数据采集卡，使软件编程简化且具有较高的灵活性和可扩展性。
经过系统调试、实测数据分析表明，本文设计的大竹林220kV变电站电气设备绝缘在线监测系统对电容性设备介质损耗和MOA阻性泄漏电流的监测是有效的，其稳定性和精度较高，能够满足电力变电站生产的实际需要。
This paper, according to the characteristic and requests of measurement for the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment and the resistive weight of MOA leak current in a power substation, according to the on-line monitoring principle and implementing scheme of electric equipment in substation relying mainly on the means through the software analysis, finish the design and the fabrication of monitoring system hardware and software, and then empolder the on-line monitoring equipment fitting for the 220kV substation of DaZhuLing in ChongQing, have finished the installation, debugging and the data analyzing of the running device.
This text research the digitalization monitoring method for the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment: the harmony wave analytic approaches, and then adopt the method to test in scene. The result indicate that this method using in the medium loss testing have higher stability and accuracy.
This article also study the principle with harmony wave analytic approaches monitoring the resistive weight of MOA leak current and realize this requisition on hardwares circuit. Through the analysis of theoretic and testing data, it indicate this method can have been accurate to reflect the total resistive leak current and the resistive leak current of base wave.
In the design of the circuit of hardware, the paper choose the suitable signal sensor, rationally designing the signal enlarging circuit by programme-controlled and signal filter circuit designing the sampling at datas /retaining circuit and hardware communications based on RS-485 network. Combining with software-controlled it select the integrated gathering-card of A/D datas of the high accuracy for the 12th precision, which simplify software programmings and have higher flexibility and can extensible .
Through system debugging ,testing datas analysis, it indicate that the on-line monitoring system of electric equipment for the 220kV substation of DaZhuLing in ChongQing designed in this text is effective for the measurement of the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment and the resistive weight of MOA leak current in power substation.The result, its stability and precision are relatively high.It is able to satisfy power substation demands.
本文研究了电容性设备绝缘介质损耗的数字化监测方法：谐波分析法，并采用谐波分析法在现场进行了测试，结果表明该方法在介损测试中具有较高的稳定性和准确性。
本文还研究了用谐波分析法监测MOA泄漏电流阻性分量的原理和实现这一方法对硬件电路的要求。通过理论和实测数据分析表明，该方法能准确反映总阻性泄漏电流和阻性基波泄漏电流。
在硬件电路的实现上，选择了合适的信号传感器：合理设计了信号程控放大电路和滤波电路；数据采样／保持电路和现场基于RS-485网络结构的硬件通信系统；结合软件控制选用了12位高精度的A／D集成数据采集卡，使软件编程简化且具有较高的灵活性和可扩展性。
经过系统调试、实测数据分析表明，本文设计的大竹林220kV变电站电气设备绝缘在线监测系统对电容性设备介质损耗和MOA阻性泄漏电流的监测是有效的，其稳定性和精度较高，能够满足电力变电站生产的实际需要。
This paper, according to the characteristic and requests of measurement for the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment and the resistive weight of MOA leak current in a power substation, according to the on-line monitoring principle and implementing scheme of electric equipment in substation relying mainly on the means through the software analysis, finish the design and the fabrication of monitoring system hardware and software, and then empolder the on-line monitoring equipment fitting for the 220kV substation of DaZhuLing in ChongQing, have finished the installation, debugging and the data analyzing of the running device.
This text research the digitalization monitoring method for the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment: the harmony wave analytic approaches, and then adopt the method to test in scene. The result indicate that this method using in the medium loss testing have higher stability and accuracy.
This article also study the principle with harmony wave analytic approaches monitoring the resistive weight of MOA leak current and realize this requisition on hardwares circuit. Through the analysis of theoretic and testing data, it indicate this method can have been accurate to reflect the total resistive leak current and the resistive leak current of base wave.
In the design of the circuit of hardware, the paper choose the suitable signal sensor, rationally designing the signal enlarging circuit by programme-controlled and signal filter circuit designing the sampling at datas /retaining circuit and hardware communications based on RS-485 network. Combining with software-controlled it select the integrated gathering-card of A/D datas of the high accuracy for the 12th precision, which simplify software programmings and have higher flexibility and can extensible .
Through system debugging ,testing datas analysis, it indicate that the on-line monitoring system of electric equipment for the 220kV substation of DaZhuLing in ChongQing designed in this text is effective for the measurement of the medium loss of electric capacitive equipment and the resistive weight of MOA leak current in power substation.The result, its stability and precision are relatively high.It is able to satisfy power substation demands.
引文
[1] 李常禧，电气设备诊断技术概论，水利电力出版社，1994．9
[2] 电力部电力科学研究院，1984—1986年110千伏及以上等级变压器事故统计分析，1987．7
[3] 电力部电力科学研究院，1990年全国110千伏及以上电压等级变压器类设备事故统计分析，1991．10
[4] 陈宗穆，高压电流互感器的可靠性数据统计分析，湖南大学学报，1990．15(5)：219～225
[5] 操敦奎，变压器油中气体分析与诊断，中国水利电力企业管理协会、武汉电力企业管理协会，1987．10
[6] 王昌长、郑光辉、郑振中，电力电容器的可靠性评估和失效分析，清华大学学报，1991．31(4)：107～112
[7] 魏新劳、韩树郁，过零时间差法介质损失角正切测量技术，哈尔滨电工学院学报，95．3
[8] 电力部，电力设备预防性试验规程，中国电力出版社，1997．4
[9] 王昌长、李福祺 编著，电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断，清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系自编教材，1996．5
[10] 朱德恒、严璋 主编，高电压绝缘，清华大学出版社，1992年
[11] 姚文冰、马治亮等，变电站一次设备绝缘在线监测系统研究，高电压技术，1996，22(3)
[12] 严璋 编，电气绝缘在线检测技术，水利电力出版社，1995．11
[13] 郭洁等，高压氧化锌避雷器运行情况分析，电瓷避雷器，1994(2)
[14] 华中电力试验研究所葛洲坝电厂，500kV日立氧化锌避雷器事故分析及反事故措施研究，1994．11
[15] 鲍敏铎，每相两节MOA中一节受潮时的运行分析，电瓷避雷器，1996(4)
[16] 周龙、文远芳，MOA在线检测与诊断技术的方法分析，电瓷避雷器，1996(2)：45～47
[17] John S. Johnson et. al. Detection of slot discharge in high-voltage stator windings during operation. AIEE. Trans. Part Ⅱ ,1991.7(4):9-19
[18] G. C. Stone. Practical techniques for measuring partial discharge in operating equipment. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1991.7(4):9～19
[19] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in
service. CIGRE, 1986 Session, No. 12-01
[20] H. Kawada et. al. Partial discharge automatic monitor for oil-filled power transformer. IEEE, Trans. 1984,Vol PAS-103(2):422～482
[21] 吕延锋、钟连宏，介损测量技术及其最新发展，高电压技术，1996，22(2)
[22] 傅宾兰，变电所电气设备运行状况在线监测，电网技术，1993
[23] Zhengkao Zhang and M. R. Raghuveer, On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring Technique
[24] 贺景亮、陈鹏云等，数字波形分析系统在绝缘在线监测中的应用，高电压技术，1991．3
[25] 陈鹏云、贺景亮等，绝缘介质损耗因数在线监测的研究，高电压技术，1994，20(4)
[26] 贾逸梅、粟福珩，在线监测氧化锌避雷器泄漏电流的方法，高电压技术，1991，3
[27] 唐炬、孙才新等，氧化锌避雷器的一种在线测试仪的研制，重庆大学学报，Vol．17，No．6，1994．11
[28] 关根志、贺景亮等，氧化锌避雷器泄漏电流在线监测的试验研究，高压电器，1992．3
[29] C. A. Spellman and A. Haddad,A Technique for On-Line Monitoring of ZnO Surge Arresters, 10th ISH'97
[30] Allan D et al.New techniques for monitoring the insulation quality of in-service HV apparatus. IEEE Trans.EI, 1993, 27(3): 578
[31] Ryszard Malewski, Andre Dechamplain, Digital Impulse Recorder for High Voltage Laboratories, IEEE Trans on P.A.S, Vol. 99 NO 2 Marth/April 1980
[32] D.S.Shin.C.y.Lee,C.S.Kim,D.W.Kim,W.K.Park,"High frequency PD Measurment Technology in Extra High Voltage Cable ang Accessory System",ACEID'99,Korea
[33] Severre Hvidsten,Erling Hdstad,Bjorn Holmgren,Peter erelius,"Correlatien betwe-en AC Breakdown Strength snd low Frequency dielectriv Loss of Water Tree Aged XLPECable",XLPECable",IEEE Transaction on Power Deliverty, Vol. 13,No. 1 ,Jan 1998
[34] J. P. Zondervan, E. Gulski, J. J. Stair. "Fundamental Aspects of PD Patterns of On-line Measurements on Turbogenerators". IEEE Trans. on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. Vol.7 No.1. Feb. 2000. Pp59-70
[35] Melcher J etc. Dielectric effects of moisture in ployimide, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1989, 24 (1).
[36] 赵秀山、谈克雄等，介质损耗角的数字化测量，清华大学学报，1996．36(9)：51～56
[37] Wang Jinghan, Ma Weiping, Xu Shikun, etc. On-line measurement of C_x and tan
on the type of capacitive electric equipment. Proceedings of 1994 International Joint Conference, Sept.26-30 1994, P447-450, Osaka, J,apan。
[38] 邱关源，电路，人民教育出版社，1978．11
[39] 陶德元、黄本淑 编著，数字信号处理原理及应用，四川大学出版社，1991
[40] 周龙、陈继东等，金属氧化锌避雷器检测与诊断技术中的信号处理方法分析，电瓷避雷器，1997(4)
[41] 周龙、陈继东等，氧化锌避雷器阻性电流的谐波分析法，华东电力，1997．7
[42] 王玉川，微电流传感器及MOA阻性电流在线智能化监测的研究，重庆大学硕士学位论文，1995．6
[43] 西南自动化研究所，WB系列电量隔离传感器简明手册，1998．3
[44] 阎石 主编，数字电子技术基础(第三版)，高等教育出版社，1995．4
[45] V.Nagesh and B. I. Gururaj, Evaluation of Digital Filters for Rejecting Discrete Spectral Interference in On-site PD Measurements, IEEE,Trans. on EI, Vol 28, No.1, pp.73-85, 1993.
[46] 刘顺英、昂秀芬 等译，锁相环原理、设计及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1988．12
[47] 张厥盛、郑继禹、万心平，锁相技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1994．6
[48] 电子工程手册编委会、集成电路手册分编委会 编，标准集成电路数据手册——高速CMOS电路，电子工业出版社，1994．6
[49] [美]Namir Clement Shammas著，王国印、张赤红 译，Visual C++使用指南，清华大学出版社，1995．12
[50] H.L.Willis, H.Tram, M.V.Engel, et al. Optimization Applications to Power Distribution[J]. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Vol.8, No.4, April 1995, pp.25-31
[51] E.-C.Yeh, H.Tram. Information Integration in Computerized Distribution System Planning[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol.12, No.3, May 1997, pp.1008-1013
[2] 电力部电力科学研究院，1984—1986年110千伏及以上等级变压器事故统计分析，1987．7
[3] 电力部电力科学研究院，1990年全国110千伏及以上电压等级变压器类设备事故统计分析，1991．10
[4] 陈宗穆，高压电流互感器的可靠性数据统计分析，湖南大学学报，1990．15(5)：219～225
[5] 操敦奎，变压器油中气体分析与诊断，中国水利电力企业管理协会、武汉电力企业管理协会，1987．10
[6] 王昌长、郑光辉、郑振中，电力电容器的可靠性评估和失效分析，清华大学学报，1991．31(4)：107～112
[7] 魏新劳、韩树郁，过零时间差法介质损失角正切测量技术，哈尔滨电工学院学报，95．3
[8] 电力部，电力设备预防性试验规程，中国电力出版社，1997．4
[9] 王昌长、李福祺 编著，电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断，清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系自编教材，1996．5
[10] 朱德恒、严璋 主编，高电压绝缘，清华大学出版社，1992年
[11] 姚文冰、马治亮等，变电站一次设备绝缘在线监测系统研究，高电压技术，1996，22(3)
[12] 严璋 编，电气绝缘在线检测技术，水利电力出版社，1995．11
[13] 郭洁等，高压氧化锌避雷器运行情况分析，电瓷避雷器，1994(2)
[14] 华中电力试验研究所葛洲坝电厂，500kV日立氧化锌避雷器事故分析及反事故措施研究，1994．11
[15] 鲍敏铎，每相两节MOA中一节受潮时的运行分析，电瓷避雷器，1996(4)
[16] 周龙、文远芳，MOA在线检测与诊断技术的方法分析，电瓷避雷器，1996(2)：45～47
[17] John S. Johnson et. al. Detection of slot discharge in high-voltage stator windings during operation. AIEE. Trans. Part Ⅱ ,1991.7(4):9-19
[18] G. C. Stone. Practical techniques for measuring partial discharge in operating equipment. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1991.7(4):9～19
[19] R. Malewski et. al. Insulation diagnostic system for HV power transformer in
service. CIGRE, 1986 Session, No. 12-01
[20] H. Kawada et. al. Partial discharge automatic monitor for oil-filled power transformer. IEEE, Trans. 1984,Vol PAS-103(2):422～482
[21] 吕延锋、钟连宏，介损测量技术及其最新发展，高电压技术，1996，22(2)
[22] 傅宾兰，变电所电气设备运行状况在线监测，电网技术，1993
[23] Zhengkao Zhang and M. R. Raghuveer, On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring Technique
[24] 贺景亮、陈鹏云等，数字波形分析系统在绝缘在线监测中的应用，高电压技术，1991．3
[25] 陈鹏云、贺景亮等，绝缘介质损耗因数在线监测的研究，高电压技术，1994，20(4)
[26] 贾逸梅、粟福珩，在线监测氧化锌避雷器泄漏电流的方法，高电压技术，1991，3
[27] 唐炬、孙才新等，氧化锌避雷器的一种在线测试仪的研制，重庆大学学报，Vol．17，No．6，1994．11
[28] 关根志、贺景亮等，氧化锌避雷器泄漏电流在线监测的试验研究，高压电器，1992．3
[29] C. A. Spellman and A. Haddad,A Technique for On-Line Monitoring of ZnO Surge Arresters, 10th ISH'97
[30] Allan D et al.New techniques for monitoring the insulation quality of in-service HV apparatus. IEEE Trans.EI, 1993, 27(3): 578
[31] Ryszard Malewski, Andre Dechamplain, Digital Impulse Recorder for High Voltage Laboratories, IEEE Trans on P.A.S, Vol. 99 NO 2 Marth/April 1980
[32] D.S.Shin.C.y.Lee,C.S.Kim,D.W.Kim,W.K.Park,"High frequency PD Measurment Technology in Extra High Voltage Cable ang Accessory System",ACEID'99,Korea
[33] Severre Hvidsten,Erling Hdstad,Bjorn Holmgren,Peter erelius,"Correlatien betwe-en AC Breakdown Strength snd low Frequency dielectriv Loss of Water Tree Aged XLPECable",XLPECable",IEEE Transaction on Power Deliverty, Vol. 13,No. 1 ,Jan 1998
[34] J. P. Zondervan, E. Gulski, J. J. Stair. "Fundamental Aspects of PD Patterns of On-line Measurements on Turbogenerators". IEEE Trans. on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. Vol.7 No.1. Feb. 2000. Pp59-70
[35] Melcher J etc. Dielectric effects of moisture in ployimide, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1989, 24 (1).
[36] 赵秀山、谈克雄等，介质损耗角的数字化测量，清华大学学报，1996．36(9)：51～56
[37] Wang Jinghan, Ma Weiping, Xu Shikun, etc. On-line measurement of C_x and tan
on the type of capacitive electric equipment. Proceedings of 1994 International Joint Conference, Sept.26-30 1994, P447-450, Osaka, J,apan。
[38] 邱关源，电路，人民教育出版社，1978．11
[39] 陶德元、黄本淑 编著，数字信号处理原理及应用，四川大学出版社，1991
[40] 周龙、陈继东等，金属氧化锌避雷器检测与诊断技术中的信号处理方法分析，电瓷避雷器，1997(4)
[41] 周龙、陈继东等，氧化锌避雷器阻性电流的谐波分析法，华东电力，1997．7
[42] 王玉川，微电流传感器及MOA阻性电流在线智能化监测的研究，重庆大学硕士学位论文，1995．6
[43] 西南自动化研究所，WB系列电量隔离传感器简明手册，1998．3
[44] 阎石 主编，数字电子技术基础(第三版)，高等教育出版社，1995．4
[45] V.Nagesh and B. I. Gururaj, Evaluation of Digital Filters for Rejecting Discrete Spectral Interference in On-site PD Measurements, IEEE,Trans. on EI, Vol 28, No.1, pp.73-85, 1993.
[46] 刘顺英、昂秀芬 等译，锁相环原理、设计及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1988．12
[47] 张厥盛、郑继禹、万心平，锁相技术，西安电子科技大学出版社，1994．6
[48] 电子工程手册编委会、集成电路手册分编委会 编，标准集成电路数据手册——高速CMOS电路，电子工业出版社，1994．6
[49] [美]Namir Clement Shammas著，王国印、张赤红 译，Visual C++使用指南，清华大学出版社，1995．12
[50] H.L.Willis, H.Tram, M.V.Engel, et al. Optimization Applications to Power Distribution[J]. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Vol.8, No.4, April 1995, pp.25-31
[51] E.-C.Yeh, H.Tram. Information Integration in Computerized Distribution System Planning[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol.12, No.3, May 1997, pp.1008-1013