基于OPC技术的变电站综合自动化监控系统
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摘要
随着电力系统的规模不断扩大，对用电稳定性和可靠性的要求越来越高。配电网是直接向用户供电的网络，而变电站是配电网最重要的组成部分，提高变电站的自动化水平具有非常重要的经济效益和社会效益。目前国内变电站自动化监控系统传输规约的使用较为混乱，由此引发的规约转换问题已成为实际工程中的最大问题。本文将OPC(OLE for Process Control)技术引入到变电站综合自动化监控系统来解决变电站自动化系统传输规约混乱的问题，探讨基于OPC技术的变电站综合自动化监控系统，期望通过把电力测控技术与先进的计算机软件技术结合起来，以降低开发的费用和变电站综合自动化系统的成本。
本文按照根据工业现场需要而发布的OPC数据访问标准，为监控硬件设计和开发了带标准接口和以分层结构来管理的OPC服务器，同时在监控软件中集成了一个利用该标准接口来访问服务服务器的OPC客户端，这样，变电站自动化监控的通信方式就由硬件和软件直接通信变为由OPC客户端和服务器代理通信。由于OPC客户端和服务器通信方式的统一性，规约转换问题就不再存在。在这个设计过程中，大量查阅国内外关于OPC技术的文献，熟悉OPC数据访问标准及其在工业中的应用，分析了每个接口的实现方法，并且对OLE统一数据传送方面的知识进行了较系统的研究，同时修改和完善自动化监控软件，使之能适应新的监控硬件的需要。目前，经过修改和完善的变电站综合自动化监控系统已经在多个变电站和工厂企业中得到实际应用。
With the enlargement of the scale of power system, the request to the stability and the dependability of electric power is more and more high. Distribution networks provide power for users directly, and a transformer substation is the most important part of a distribution network. So it makes great profit to heighten automation level of transformer substations. But now power automation protocols are abused, which results in transforming protocols and cost inflation. To resolve this problem, this thesis introduces the OPC technology into the transformer substation automation monitor and control system.
According to the OPC data access criterion, an layered OPC server with standard interfaces and an OPC client accessing it are designed, so the direct communication between in an automation system of transform substation is changed to the communication between an OPC Client and an OPC Server. Because of the uniform of communication between OPC clients and OPC servers, the need of transforming protocols exists no more. In the course of design, much literature about OPC is referred, the system knowledge of OPC data access is acquired, and the theory of OLE data transfer is studied. In the addition, the automation monitoring software is modified to adapt to the newer hardware, and now it is used in several transformer substations and factories.
本文按照根据工业现场需要而发布的OPC数据访问标准，为监控硬件设计和开发了带标准接口和以分层结构来管理的OPC服务器，同时在监控软件中集成了一个利用该标准接口来访问服务服务器的OPC客户端，这样，变电站自动化监控的通信方式就由硬件和软件直接通信变为由OPC客户端和服务器代理通信。由于OPC客户端和服务器通信方式的统一性，规约转换问题就不再存在。在这个设计过程中，大量查阅国内外关于OPC技术的文献，熟悉OPC数据访问标准及其在工业中的应用，分析了每个接口的实现方法，并且对OLE统一数据传送方面的知识进行了较系统的研究，同时修改和完善自动化监控软件，使之能适应新的监控硬件的需要。目前，经过修改和完善的变电站综合自动化监控系统已经在多个变电站和工厂企业中得到实际应用。
With the enlargement of the scale of power system, the request to the stability and the dependability of electric power is more and more high. Distribution networks provide power for users directly, and a transformer substation is the most important part of a distribution network. So it makes great profit to heighten automation level of transformer substations. But now power automation protocols are abused, which results in transforming protocols and cost inflation. To resolve this problem, this thesis introduces the OPC technology into the transformer substation automation monitor and control system.
According to the OPC data access criterion, an layered OPC server with standard interfaces and an OPC client accessing it are designed, so the direct communication between in an automation system of transform substation is changed to the communication between an OPC Client and an OPC Server. Because of the uniform of communication between OPC clients and OPC servers, the need of transforming protocols exists no more. In the course of design, much literature about OPC is referred, the system knowledge of OPC data access is acquired, and the theory of OLE data transfer is studied. In the addition, the automation monitoring software is modified to adapt to the newer hardware, and now it is used in several transformer substations and factories.
引文
[1]刘斌，余建明．面向对象程序设计方法在电力系统图形监控中的应用．西安理工大学学报，2000，16(4)：408～411
[2]施慎行，董新洲，刘建政等．配电线路无信道保护研究．电力系统自动化，2001，25(6)：55～58
[3]LIAO Li-qing, ZENG Ke, LING Yu-hua. Microprocessor based protecting and monitoring system for transformer of electric furnace in nickel smelting process. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, 1999,11(6):89～93
[4]De la Rosa R., Carrillo J. Reclosing principle application on the low voltage side of distribution transformers. Power Delivery, 1991,6(4):134～136
[5]张燕雯，程正敏．配电网络的故障隔离和恢复供电原则．中国电力，1999，5(32)：45～47
[6]刘健，倪建立，邓永辉．配电自动化系统(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003：123～126
[7]Hart D.G., Uy, D. Automated solutions for distribution feeders. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2000,13(4):211～214
[8]朱大新．数字化变电站综合自动化系统的发展．电工技术杂志，2001，4：20～22
[9]Allan RW, Billinton R, Sjarief I, et al. AReliabilityTest System for Education Purpose: Basic Distribution System Data and Results. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1991,6(2):813～820
[10]G. Ziegler. Experiences and Proceedings in Co-ordinated Control and Protection of Substations. Power System Technology, 1995, 3(19):79～82
[11]王锡凡．电力工程基础．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997：45～48
[12]沈国荣，郑玉平．变电站自动化发展综述．江苏电机工程，2000，12：66
[13]丁杰，赵金荣．基于组件模型技术的变电站监控软件．电力系统自动化，2001，18：18～21
[14]张飞乔．电力系统监控和数据采集系统介绍．湖南电力，2000，4：45～48
[15]汪童志．馈线自动化的几种实现模式．供用电，2000，17(4)：79～83
[16]Witte J.F., Mendis S. R. Computer-aided recloser applications for distribution systems. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1992,5(3):207～210
[17]刘健．城乡电网建设与改造指南．中国水利水电出版社，1999：180～185
[18]罗毅，丁毓山，李占柱．配电网自动化实用技术．中国电力出版社，2000：5～7
[19]潘贞存，田华，徐丙垠等．分散式配电监控保护器．电力系统自动化，1997，21(10)：51～52．
[20]刘国定，辛耀中，李泽．我国电力系统控制及其通信标准化工作概括．电力系统自动化2000，24(14)：59～64
[21]辛耀中．电力系统数据通信协议体系．电力系统自动化，1999，23(1)：40～44
[22]IEC60870-5-101. Companion Standard for Basic Telecontrol Tasks, 1995
[23]DL／T634-1997．电力行业标准—基本远动任务配套标准．北京：中国电力出版社，1998
[24]MODBUS Application Protocol specification vl. 1. http://www. MODBUS.org, 2002,12
[25]全国电力远动通讯标准化技术委员会．新部颁CDT规约(DL451-91)．通信规约，1991，11
[26]张长银，何卫，范学功．BJ系列变电站综合自动化系统的通信技术．电力系统自动化，1998，22(7)：61～63
[27]OPC Foundation. OPC Overview Version 1. 0. http://www.opcfoundation.org, 1998, 10
[28]潘爱民．COM原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999，1：3～6
[29]F McGirt, J F Wilkerson. An Object Oriented Software Bus. http://faculty.Washington.edu, 2003, 2
[30]袁占亭，张秋余，翟志万．基于软件总线技术的软件工程方法．计算机工程与应用，2003，15：137～139
[31]The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Vl. 1. http://www.w3.org,2000
[32]Kapsalis V, Koubias S, Papadopoulous G. OPC-SMS: wireless gateway to OPC-based data sources. Elsevier Science BV, 2002,24(5):437-451
[33]Microsoft Corporation. The Component Object Model Specification. http://www.microsoft.com, 1995
[34]Microsoft Corporation. DCOM Technical Overview. http:// www.microsoft.com, 1996
[35]魏璇，刘玉忠，刘沛．一种全分布式电站自动化通信系统的实现．电力系统自动化，1999，7：34～37
[36]马国华．监控组态软件及应用．北京：清华大学出版社．2001：86～89
[37]Gamma, Erich. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. China Machine Press, 2002:150～155
[38]OPC Foundation. OPC Alarm and Events Version 1.10. http:// www.opcfundation.org,2002,10
[39]OPC Foundation. Historical Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 1.1. http://www.opcfoundation.org, 2001,1
[40]OPC Foundation. OPC Batch Automation Interface Specification
Version 1.0. http://www.opcfoundation.org,2001,7
[41]OPC Foundation. OPC Data eXchange Specification 1.0. http:// www.opcfoundation.org, 2003,3
[42]OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 2.05. 2001,12
[2]施慎行，董新洲，刘建政等．配电线路无信道保护研究．电力系统自动化，2001，25(6)：55～58
[3]LIAO Li-qing, ZENG Ke, LING Yu-hua. Microprocessor based protecting and monitoring system for transformer of electric furnace in nickel smelting process. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, 1999,11(6):89～93
[4]De la Rosa R., Carrillo J. Reclosing principle application on the low voltage side of distribution transformers. Power Delivery, 1991,6(4):134～136
[5]张燕雯，程正敏．配电网络的故障隔离和恢复供电原则．中国电力，1999，5(32)：45～47
[6]刘健，倪建立，邓永辉．配电自动化系统(第二版)．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003：123～126
[7]Hart D.G., Uy, D. Automated solutions for distribution feeders. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2000,13(4):211～214
[8]朱大新．数字化变电站综合自动化系统的发展．电工技术杂志，2001，4：20～22
[9]Allan RW, Billinton R, Sjarief I, et al. AReliabilityTest System for Education Purpose: Basic Distribution System Data and Results. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1991,6(2):813～820
[10]G. Ziegler. Experiences and Proceedings in Co-ordinated Control and Protection of Substations. Power System Technology, 1995, 3(19):79～82
[11]王锡凡．电力工程基础．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997：45～48
[12]沈国荣，郑玉平．变电站自动化发展综述．江苏电机工程，2000，12：66
[13]丁杰，赵金荣．基于组件模型技术的变电站监控软件．电力系统自动化，2001，18：18～21
[14]张飞乔．电力系统监控和数据采集系统介绍．湖南电力，2000，4：45～48
[15]汪童志．馈线自动化的几种实现模式．供用电，2000，17(4)：79～83
[16]Witte J.F., Mendis S. R. Computer-aided recloser applications for distribution systems. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1992,5(3):207～210
[17]刘健．城乡电网建设与改造指南．中国水利水电出版社，1999：180～185
[18]罗毅，丁毓山，李占柱．配电网自动化实用技术．中国电力出版社，2000：5～7
[19]潘贞存，田华，徐丙垠等．分散式配电监控保护器．电力系统自动化，1997，21(10)：51～52．
[20]刘国定，辛耀中，李泽．我国电力系统控制及其通信标准化工作概括．电力系统自动化2000，24(14)：59～64
[21]辛耀中．电力系统数据通信协议体系．电力系统自动化，1999，23(1)：40～44
[22]IEC60870-5-101. Companion Standard for Basic Telecontrol Tasks, 1995
[23]DL／T634-1997．电力行业标准—基本远动任务配套标准．北京：中国电力出版社，1998
[24]MODBUS Application Protocol specification vl. 1. http://www. MODBUS.org, 2002,12
[25]全国电力远动通讯标准化技术委员会．新部颁CDT规约(DL451-91)．通信规约，1991，11
[26]张长银，何卫，范学功．BJ系列变电站综合自动化系统的通信技术．电力系统自动化，1998，22(7)：61～63
[27]OPC Foundation. OPC Overview Version 1. 0. http://www.opcfoundation.org, 1998, 10
[28]潘爱民．COM原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999，1：3～6
[29]F McGirt, J F Wilkerson. An Object Oriented Software Bus. http://faculty.Washington.edu, 2003, 2
[30]袁占亭，张秋余，翟志万．基于软件总线技术的软件工程方法．计算机工程与应用，2003，15：137～139
[31]The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Vl. 1. http://www.w3.org,2000
[32]Kapsalis V, Koubias S, Papadopoulous G. OPC-SMS: wireless gateway to OPC-based data sources. Elsevier Science BV, 2002,24(5):437-451
[33]Microsoft Corporation. The Component Object Model Specification. http://www.microsoft.com, 1995
[34]Microsoft Corporation. DCOM Technical Overview. http:// www.microsoft.com, 1996
[35]魏璇，刘玉忠，刘沛．一种全分布式电站自动化通信系统的实现．电力系统自动化，1999，7：34～37
[36]马国华．监控组态软件及应用．北京：清华大学出版社．2001：86～89
[37]Gamma, Erich. Design Pattern: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. China Machine Press, 2002:150～155
[38]OPC Foundation. OPC Alarm and Events Version 1.10. http:// www.opcfundation.org,2002,10
[39]OPC Foundation. Historical Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 1.1. http://www.opcfoundation.org, 2001,1
[40]OPC Foundation. OPC Batch Automation Interface Specification
Version 1.0. http://www.opcfoundation.org,2001,7
[41]OPC Foundation. OPC Data eXchange Specification 1.0. http:// www.opcfoundation.org, 2003,3
[42]OPC Foundation. Data Access Custom Interface Standard Version 2.05. 2001,12