基于网络数据库技术下的常州地区地下水流数值模拟
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摘要
本文以常州地区水文地质资料为基础,系统分析了在常州地区进行地下水流数值模拟的可行性及必要性。考虑到研究区水文地质资料日益增多,管理和检索模拟时所需要的数据日益困难,因此利用数据库技术建立常州地区水文地质资料数据库,辅助地下水流数值模拟。同时还利用网络数据库技术及WebGIS技术建立的网络发布体系,实现研究区水文地质资料及模拟流场的网络发布、远程共享。
论文主要研究了在GMS平台下如何建立研究区地下水流模型,如何建立随机模型预测研究区内一类给定水头边界的水位值,最终通过随机模型与地下水流模型的耦合,预测到2010年地下水恢复情况及变化趋势。经模拟预测结果表明:自在常州地区实施全面禁采方案之后,研究区内Ⅱ承压含水层地下水位得到全面回升,从2000年至2010年,除长江边原来地下水位较高地段外,常州地区Ⅱ承压水水位普遍升高5m左右,漏斗中心的水位从-77m回升到-72m。
此外,为了要实现数值模拟流场的网络发布,论文还重点研究如何将GMS所模拟的流场转换为以shapefiles文件格式存储流场;如何基于ArcIMS建立WebGIS系统,实现研究区水文地质资料中空间数据及经数据转换后地下水流场的网络发布。
Changzhou area is located in the Yangtze River Delta hinterland. With the expanding of cities’scales and the economic rapid development, the water consumptions of industry, agriculture and domestic are increasing constantly, and groundwater has been in a state of continuous excessive extraction which constrains the economic sustainable development seriously in Changzhou area. Changzhou government has adopted a series of plans including compressing pumping and prohibiting pumping to solve this problem since 2000 year. In 2005, the government prohibited pumping groundwater in Changzhou entire area. In order to forecast the dynamic changing trends of groundwater level and quantitatively predict the recovery of groundwater level in the near future, as well as provide a scientific basis for rational pumping and utilizing groundwater resources, it is very significant to adopt numerical simulation of groundwater flow in Changzhou area.
With the continuous improvements of research methods and the continuous progress of the investigation, the data which were needed in numeric simulation or can be got by investigation increase geometricly. So the database technology was adopt to manger the hydrogeological data in study area and assist the numeric simulation.
The compressing pumping plan and prohibiting pumping plan is not only decided by government but also focused by the public. So the Web-Database technology and the WebGIS technology which are developing quickly in recent years , were used in this dissertation to release the hydrogeological data and the forecasted results of groundwater simulation. It can not only provide intuitively the dynamic changing trend of groundwater for society public in time, but also supply certain shareable data and fruit used for reference for future continuous study in Changzhou area.
Changzhou area is selected as study area, and in order to make the groundwater system relatively independent, some areas along the Yangtze River in Jangyin were included in the study area. Because the first confined aquifer sporadic distributes along the Yangtze River, only the second and the third confined aquifer were simulated. Groundwater was pumped mainly from the second aquifer, so the second confined aquifer was focused on in the process of simulation.
The main results of this thesis are as follows:
1、A hydrogeological database was established by using Visual Basic programming language and SQL Server2000 database management system. Its main functions include:①Providing an effective means for storing and updating the hydrogeological data in the study area;②Searching the data quickly, which is needed by numeric model.
2、A numeric model of groundwater flow was established. The identifying time of the model is from 1 July to 1 August in 1995. After identifying and verifying the model, the numerical model can reflect the actual hydrogeological conditions; the model can be used to forecast the groundwater level in future.
3、The groundwater level in the administrative boundary between Changzhou and Wuxi was forecasted. This boundary is the first type of boundary. In order to forecast the changing trend of groundwater level in the future, forecasting the water level in this boundary was needed firstly. By analyzing the hydrogeological conditions, groundwater yield has dominant influence on water level at the boundary. So the water level in this boundary in the future can be forecasted by building a stochastic model using the mining amount of groundwater , the history water level in last year and the water level in current year. The water level in 2007 to 2010 was predicted by using regression analysis method and building regression equations.
4、The groundwater level was predicted by numeric model of groundwater flow which began from 1 July in 2005 to 2010, based on the simulated water level in the first type of boundary forecasted. The results of the model show that the groundwater of the second aquifer recovers full-scale in the study area after carrying out the plan of prohibiting mining from 2005 year to 2010 year and the water level ascend about 2.5 meters in the second aquifer except the areas along the Yangtze River, where the water level is high. The water level in depression cone ascends from -77 meters to -72 meters.
5、A release system on the internet was established by using Web—Database technology and the WebGIS technology. It helps to release the hydrogeological data and the groundwater fields simulated by the numeric model. The public can search the changing trend of groundwater level clearly in time form the release system; the other hydrogeological researchers also can get the hydrogeological data and reference from the release system.
6、The groundwater fields which was exported by GMS were changed into the shapefiles format. The data of groundwater fields was re-organized by using Visual C++ programming language and the isoline of groundwater flow was generated by using this algorithm of generating the isoline based on grid. At last, changing the isoline into shapefiles format by using MapObjects.
论文主要研究了在GMS平台下如何建立研究区地下水流模型,如何建立随机模型预测研究区内一类给定水头边界的水位值,最终通过随机模型与地下水流模型的耦合,预测到2010年地下水恢复情况及变化趋势。经模拟预测结果表明:自在常州地区实施全面禁采方案之后,研究区内Ⅱ承压含水层地下水位得到全面回升,从2000年至2010年,除长江边原来地下水位较高地段外,常州地区Ⅱ承压水水位普遍升高5m左右,漏斗中心的水位从-77m回升到-72m。
此外,为了要实现数值模拟流场的网络发布,论文还重点研究如何将GMS所模拟的流场转换为以shapefiles文件格式存储流场;如何基于ArcIMS建立WebGIS系统,实现研究区水文地质资料中空间数据及经数据转换后地下水流场的网络发布。
Changzhou area is located in the Yangtze River Delta hinterland. With the expanding of cities’scales and the economic rapid development, the water consumptions of industry, agriculture and domestic are increasing constantly, and groundwater has been in a state of continuous excessive extraction which constrains the economic sustainable development seriously in Changzhou area. Changzhou government has adopted a series of plans including compressing pumping and prohibiting pumping to solve this problem since 2000 year. In 2005, the government prohibited pumping groundwater in Changzhou entire area. In order to forecast the dynamic changing trends of groundwater level and quantitatively predict the recovery of groundwater level in the near future, as well as provide a scientific basis for rational pumping and utilizing groundwater resources, it is very significant to adopt numerical simulation of groundwater flow in Changzhou area.
With the continuous improvements of research methods and the continuous progress of the investigation, the data which were needed in numeric simulation or can be got by investigation increase geometricly. So the database technology was adopt to manger the hydrogeological data in study area and assist the numeric simulation.
The compressing pumping plan and prohibiting pumping plan is not only decided by government but also focused by the public. So the Web-Database technology and the WebGIS technology which are developing quickly in recent years , were used in this dissertation to release the hydrogeological data and the forecasted results of groundwater simulation. It can not only provide intuitively the dynamic changing trend of groundwater for society public in time, but also supply certain shareable data and fruit used for reference for future continuous study in Changzhou area.
Changzhou area is selected as study area, and in order to make the groundwater system relatively independent, some areas along the Yangtze River in Jangyin were included in the study area. Because the first confined aquifer sporadic distributes along the Yangtze River, only the second and the third confined aquifer were simulated. Groundwater was pumped mainly from the second aquifer, so the second confined aquifer was focused on in the process of simulation.
The main results of this thesis are as follows:
1、A hydrogeological database was established by using Visual Basic programming language and SQL Server2000 database management system. Its main functions include:①Providing an effective means for storing and updating the hydrogeological data in the study area;②Searching the data quickly, which is needed by numeric model.
2、A numeric model of groundwater flow was established. The identifying time of the model is from 1 July to 1 August in 1995. After identifying and verifying the model, the numerical model can reflect the actual hydrogeological conditions; the model can be used to forecast the groundwater level in future.
3、The groundwater level in the administrative boundary between Changzhou and Wuxi was forecasted. This boundary is the first type of boundary. In order to forecast the changing trend of groundwater level in the future, forecasting the water level in this boundary was needed firstly. By analyzing the hydrogeological conditions, groundwater yield has dominant influence on water level at the boundary. So the water level in this boundary in the future can be forecasted by building a stochastic model using the mining amount of groundwater , the history water level in last year and the water level in current year. The water level in 2007 to 2010 was predicted by using regression analysis method and building regression equations.
4、The groundwater level was predicted by numeric model of groundwater flow which began from 1 July in 2005 to 2010, based on the simulated water level in the first type of boundary forecasted. The results of the model show that the groundwater of the second aquifer recovers full-scale in the study area after carrying out the plan of prohibiting mining from 2005 year to 2010 year and the water level ascend about 2.5 meters in the second aquifer except the areas along the Yangtze River, where the water level is high. The water level in depression cone ascends from -77 meters to -72 meters.
5、A release system on the internet was established by using Web—Database technology and the WebGIS technology. It helps to release the hydrogeological data and the groundwater fields simulated by the numeric model. The public can search the changing trend of groundwater level clearly in time form the release system; the other hydrogeological researchers also can get the hydrogeological data and reference from the release system.
6、The groundwater fields which was exported by GMS were changed into the shapefiles format. The data of groundwater fields was re-organized by using Visual C++ programming language and the isoline of groundwater flow was generated by using this algorithm of generating the isoline based on grid. At last, changing the isoline into shapefiles format by using MapObjects.
引文
[1] 林学钰,廖资生,梁秀娟等 苏锡常地区地面沉降预警系统工程—水文地质建模研究报告[R] 2002,11:P1-62
[2] 郝治福,康绍忠 地下水系统数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J] 水利水电科技进展 2006,26(1):77-81
[3] 丁继红,周德亮 马生忠 国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J] 勘察科学技术 2002,1:37-42
[4] 李国敏,地下水模拟软件的研究与发展进展[J] 勘察科学技术 1994,6:20-24
[5] 祝晓彬 地下水模拟系统(GMS)软件[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,5:53-55
[6] 梁秀娟,林学钰,苏小四等 GMS 与苏锡常地区地下水流模拟[J] 人民长江 2005,36(11):26-28
[7] 王文科,李俊亭 地下水流数值模拟的发展与展望[J] 西北地质 1995,16(4):52-55
[8] 魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯 地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J] 重庆大学学报(自然科学版)增刊 2000,23:50-52
[9] 李平,卢文喜,马洪云,杨忠平 Visual Modflow 在地下水数值模拟中的应用—以公主岭市黄龙工业园水源地为例[J] 工程勘察 2006,3:24-27
[10] 李文跃,张博,红梅,王佰长 Visual Modflow 在大庆龙西地区地下水数值模拟中的应用[J] 世界地质 2003,22(2):161-165
[11] 张晓,蔡念光,构建信息时代的基石—数据库技术[J] 河北北方学院(自然科学版)2006,22(2):52-55
[12] Avi Silberschatz, Henry F, Korth, Database System Concepts [M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill,2005:251-292
[13] Date CJ. An Introduction to Databse System [M]. New York: Addison-wesley,1999
[14] Franziska Steinbruch,Luis Macario Linking databases of different sources and scales for groundwater research in the Urema River Basin/Central Mozambique[J] Water Resour Manage 2007,21:171-184
[15] 刘平,许光泉,桂和荣等 数据库管理系统在矿井地下水中的应用[J] 安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版) 2004, 24(1): 1-6
[16] 陈植华,关学峰,胡成 基于 WebGIS 的环境地质灾害网络数据库系统[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,2:20-24
[17] 赵勇胜,林学钰等 环境及水资源系统中的GIS技术[M] 高等教育出版社2006,35-39
[18] 魏立飞,文正敏 GIS 在水利现代化中的应用和发展趋势[J] 中国水运 2006,16(11): 94-96
[19] Yingwei Luo,Xiaolin Wang,Zhouqun Xu Component-Based WebGIS and Its Spatial Cache Framework[J] Advances inWeb-Age Information Management 2004,31(29):186-196
[20] 尚武 网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)的现状及前景[J] 地质通报 2006, 25(4):533-537
[21] 朱琳,苏小四,高立 苏锡常地区地面沉降地质结构三维可视化模型—虚拟现实系统(LSVRS)研究报告[R] 2000,3:13-15
[22] 于军 基于 ArcGIS 平台的苏锡常地区地面沉降管理信息系统研究[D] 长春,吉林大学,2006 年
[23] 薛禹群等 “苏锡常地区地面沉降模型研究”子专题—研究报告[R] 南京大学地球科学系 2005,9:16-25
[24] 张瑞喜 张鹏 SQL Server2000 高级应用[M] 人民邮电出版社出版发行 2001
[25] 王晓梅,朱国荣,余勤,于军,姚红卫 苏锡常地区主采层地下水流数值模拟[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,1:26-29
[26] 王国丽,陈晓飞,刘刊,姜国勇 回归分析在水科学中的应用综述[J] 中国农村水利水电 2004,11:40-44
[27] [1] 何晓群,刘文卿 应用回归分析[M] 中国人民大学出版社 2001:58-92
[28] 刘阳明,伊广升,王光磊等 网络数据库技术在水文信息查询中的应用[J] 东北水利水电 2006,8(24):31-33
[29] 陈晓燕,陈明,陆桂华等 网络数据库技术在节水管理信息系统中的应用[J] 水文 2003,23(3):40-42
[30] 张治忠. 网络数据库中 C/S 和 B/S 两种模式的特点及其应用[J] 渭南师范学院学报 2004,19(5):55-56
[31] 高立,苏小四,朱琳,于军 基于苏锡常地区地面沉降虚拟现实系统的网络数据库设计[J] 世界地质 2007,26(1):80-83
[32] 白山 WEBGIS 及其在环境管理上的应用[J] 环境科学与管理 2006,31(1):1-3
[33] 彭法銮 吴业福 张田芳 基于 WebGIS 的电子地图的设计与实现[J] 交通与计算机 2006,1(24):125-126
[34] 白云,刘珊珊 基于 ArcIMS 的 WebGIS 设计与开发原理[J] 测绘与空间地理信息 2006,29(4):110-111
[35] Yingwei Luo,Xiaolin Wang,Guomin Xiong,Zhouqun Xu Design Hierarchical Component-Based WebGIS[J] Computational Science 2005,35(16):515-522
[36] Menno-Jan Kraak The role of the map in a WebGIS environment Geographical Systems 2004,6(2):83-93
[37] 何生存,郭三刚,刘珍花,王治邦 离散点数据插值方法及等值线绘制技术的应用[J] 研究与开发 2006,4:24-25
[38] 葛徽衍,张永红 流域面雨量的一种估算方法—网格插值法[J] 陕西气象 2006,1:34-35
[39] 孙科峰,孙根正,李洁 一种新的矩形网格生成等值线算法[J] 华东大学学报(自然科学版) 2005,31(4):66-69
[40] 韩鹏 地理信息系统开发—MapObjects 方法[M] 武汉大学出版社 2004:15-40
[41] 王伟长 地理信息系统控件(Active X)—MapObjects 培训教程[M] 科学出版社 2000:11-253
[2] 郝治福,康绍忠 地下水系统数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J] 水利水电科技进展 2006,26(1):77-81
[3] 丁继红,周德亮 马生忠 国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J] 勘察科学技术 2002,1:37-42
[4] 李国敏,地下水模拟软件的研究与发展进展[J] 勘察科学技术 1994,6:20-24
[5] 祝晓彬 地下水模拟系统(GMS)软件[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,5:53-55
[6] 梁秀娟,林学钰,苏小四等 GMS 与苏锡常地区地下水流模拟[J] 人民长江 2005,36(11):26-28
[7] 王文科,李俊亭 地下水流数值模拟的发展与展望[J] 西北地质 1995,16(4):52-55
[8] 魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯 地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势[J] 重庆大学学报(自然科学版)增刊 2000,23:50-52
[9] 李平,卢文喜,马洪云,杨忠平 Visual Modflow 在地下水数值模拟中的应用—以公主岭市黄龙工业园水源地为例[J] 工程勘察 2006,3:24-27
[10] 李文跃,张博,红梅,王佰长 Visual Modflow 在大庆龙西地区地下水数值模拟中的应用[J] 世界地质 2003,22(2):161-165
[11] 张晓,蔡念光,构建信息时代的基石—数据库技术[J] 河北北方学院(自然科学版)2006,22(2):52-55
[12] Avi Silberschatz, Henry F, Korth, Database System Concepts [M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill,2005:251-292
[13] Date CJ. An Introduction to Databse System [M]. New York: Addison-wesley,1999
[14] Franziska Steinbruch,Luis Macario Linking databases of different sources and scales for groundwater research in the Urema River Basin/Central Mozambique[J] Water Resour Manage 2007,21:171-184
[15] 刘平,许光泉,桂和荣等 数据库管理系统在矿井地下水中的应用[J] 安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版) 2004, 24(1): 1-6
[16] 陈植华,关学峰,胡成 基于 WebGIS 的环境地质灾害网络数据库系统[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,2:20-24
[17] 赵勇胜,林学钰等 环境及水资源系统中的GIS技术[M] 高等教育出版社2006,35-39
[18] 魏立飞,文正敏 GIS 在水利现代化中的应用和发展趋势[J] 中国水运 2006,16(11): 94-96
[19] Yingwei Luo,Xiaolin Wang,Zhouqun Xu Component-Based WebGIS and Its Spatial Cache Framework[J] Advances inWeb-Age Information Management 2004,31(29):186-196
[20] 尚武 网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)的现状及前景[J] 地质通报 2006, 25(4):533-537
[21] 朱琳,苏小四,高立 苏锡常地区地面沉降地质结构三维可视化模型—虚拟现实系统(LSVRS)研究报告[R] 2000,3:13-15
[22] 于军 基于 ArcGIS 平台的苏锡常地区地面沉降管理信息系统研究[D] 长春,吉林大学,2006 年
[23] 薛禹群等 “苏锡常地区地面沉降模型研究”子专题—研究报告[R] 南京大学地球科学系 2005,9:16-25
[24] 张瑞喜 张鹏 SQL Server2000 高级应用[M] 人民邮电出版社出版发行 2001
[25] 王晓梅,朱国荣,余勤,于军,姚红卫 苏锡常地区主采层地下水流数值模拟[J] 水文地质工程地质 2003,1:26-29
[26] 王国丽,陈晓飞,刘刊,姜国勇 回归分析在水科学中的应用综述[J] 中国农村水利水电 2004,11:40-44
[27] [1] 何晓群,刘文卿 应用回归分析[M] 中国人民大学出版社 2001:58-92
[28] 刘阳明,伊广升,王光磊等 网络数据库技术在水文信息查询中的应用[J] 东北水利水电 2006,8(24):31-33
[29] 陈晓燕,陈明,陆桂华等 网络数据库技术在节水管理信息系统中的应用[J] 水文 2003,23(3):40-42
[30] 张治忠. 网络数据库中 C/S 和 B/S 两种模式的特点及其应用[J] 渭南师范学院学报 2004,19(5):55-56
[31] 高立,苏小四,朱琳,于军 基于苏锡常地区地面沉降虚拟现实系统的网络数据库设计[J] 世界地质 2007,26(1):80-83
[32] 白山 WEBGIS 及其在环境管理上的应用[J] 环境科学与管理 2006,31(1):1-3
[33] 彭法銮 吴业福 张田芳 基于 WebGIS 的电子地图的设计与实现[J] 交通与计算机 2006,1(24):125-126
[34] 白云,刘珊珊 基于 ArcIMS 的 WebGIS 设计与开发原理[J] 测绘与空间地理信息 2006,29(4):110-111
[35] Yingwei Luo,Xiaolin Wang,Guomin Xiong,Zhouqun Xu Design Hierarchical Component-Based WebGIS[J] Computational Science 2005,35(16):515-522
[36] Menno-Jan Kraak The role of the map in a WebGIS environment Geographical Systems 2004,6(2):83-93
[37] 何生存,郭三刚,刘珍花,王治邦 离散点数据插值方法及等值线绘制技术的应用[J] 研究与开发 2006,4:24-25
[38] 葛徽衍,张永红 流域面雨量的一种估算方法—网格插值法[J] 陕西气象 2006,1:34-35
[39] 孙科峰,孙根正,李洁 一种新的矩形网格生成等值线算法[J] 华东大学学报(自然科学版) 2005,31(4):66-69
[40] 韩鹏 地理信息系统开发—MapObjects 方法[M] 武汉大学出版社 2004:15-40
[41] 王伟长 地理信息系统控件(Active X)—MapObjects 培训教程[M] 科学出版社 2000:11-253