基于阅读疗法的大学生心理问题治疗研究
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摘要
近几年来,大学生心理健康问题日益严重,应该引起教育行政部门、高等学校和整个社会的广泛关注。我国高等教育的要求培养德智体全面发展的高级专门型人才,以适应中国特色的社会主义现代化建设的需要,并使他们成为合格接班人和建设者。而大学生遇到很多困惑和压力,势必在其成长中产生巨大的影响,因此,对大学生的心理健康问题必须予以高度的重视和关注。
本研究主要以阅读疗法的形式作为干预手段,探讨阅读疗法对心理健康的影响。针对大学生心理问题这一高发群体,通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)筛查出实验对象,然后通过文献资料法、访谈法、实验法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等方法,以阅读素材的形式,从阅读对大学生心理健康的作用、影响机制以及制订阅读方案的方法方面进行了系统论述,并初步探讨了阅读疗法的理论和方法体系,为大学生的心理问题的预防及康复提供了一套阅读治疗方法。本研究得出以下几条结论:
(1)阅读治疗研究部分采用实验组—对照组前后测的实验方法,以200名大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,对前者实施每周1～2次、每次约1小时、历时1个月的阅读疗法治疗。效果考察采用问卷和访谈相结合的方式,结果表明阅读疗法能够加深大学生对自我的了解和认识,增进其自我接纳程度,加强其自我和谐感,从整体上促进其人格成长,提升其心理健康水平。此外,还总结了阅读疗法在大学生心理辅导中应用的可行性和特点。
(2)个案咨询研究部分呈现了两例报告,问题分别为情感困扰和适应不良,均为大学生心理问题中常见的主题。对第一例个案呈现了完整的咨询过程,展示了阅读疗法的特色功效,对第二例个案则,展示了阅读疗法在个案咨询中的整体应用状况。个案研究结果表明阅读疗法能有效的解决大学生常见的心理困扰。此外,还对该疗法在个案咨询中的应用进行了反思与总结。
论文最后对全文进行了总结,从社会、学校、班级、家庭、自身以及后续研究者等六个方面提出了自己的建议和看法,以求提高大学生心理健康教育的科学性、实效性和针对性,促进大学生健康成才。
With the development of science and technology,the tempo of socioeconomic life has become increasingly faster,which in the meanwhile has put more pressures on the mankind.For college students,they can never just focus on what surrounding them at school but show less interests in what is going on outside the campus.Since got permitted to the school,they will have to face many stresses coming one after another in their study,campus life,and of course in the job hunting.Continuous exposure to such stresses may cause many psychological problems,the trend of which is showing the signs of increasing year after year.Therefore,emphasis and top coneern should be concentrated on CSPH(College Students' Psyehologieal Healt).
This study focuses on an experiment on effectiveness of bibliotherapy on CSPH. Subjects are carefully selected from the high-frequency group,by SCL-90.And a discussion of CSPH interventional mechanism and bibliotherapy theory and methodology have been made as well with simplicity and ease,effectiveness and non-side effect by using such methodology as literature research,interview,controlled experiment,mathematic and logical analysis.It is the first time that effective bibliotherapy has been made for precaution and recovery.Based on the research above, a few of final conclusions are drawn as follows in the process of bibliotherapy experiment:
Firstly,the bibliotherapy research uses experimental-control group pre-experiment and after-experiment test design.200 college students are recruited as subjects,and are divided into experimental group and control group randomly.The group counseling is held once or twice a week for about 1 hours per session,and 1 month in total.It uses questionnaires combined with interviews to inspect the effects.As the results indicate, bibliotherapy can deepen the understanding of oneself,self-acceptance can be furthered.The growth of personality can be hastened and the mental health can be advanced in whole.Besides,the applicability and characteristics of bibliotherapy also summed up.
The case study presents two reports including lovelorn problem and maladjustment are both met in counseling regularly.The whole process of the first case is presented to show the use of bibliotherapy in counseling.The case study indicates that bibliotherapy can effectively deal with ordinary psychological puzzles of college students.Besides,the application of bibliotherapy in counseling is also rethought and summed up.
In the last of the article,the results of this study are discussed.And from the six aspects of society,college,class,family,students themselves and following researchers, it presents own division and opinion.Such an approach is a combination of theory and practice in the hope of bringing more scientific value,effectiveness and focus to psychological health.Such an approach holds the possibility to generalize,and so to advance our college students.
本研究主要以阅读疗法的形式作为干预手段,探讨阅读疗法对心理健康的影响。针对大学生心理问题这一高发群体,通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)筛查出实验对象,然后通过文献资料法、访谈法、实验法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等方法,以阅读素材的形式,从阅读对大学生心理健康的作用、影响机制以及制订阅读方案的方法方面进行了系统论述,并初步探讨了阅读疗法的理论和方法体系,为大学生的心理问题的预防及康复提供了一套阅读治疗方法。本研究得出以下几条结论:
(1)阅读治疗研究部分采用实验组—对照组前后测的实验方法,以200名大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,对前者实施每周1～2次、每次约1小时、历时1个月的阅读疗法治疗。效果考察采用问卷和访谈相结合的方式,结果表明阅读疗法能够加深大学生对自我的了解和认识,增进其自我接纳程度,加强其自我和谐感,从整体上促进其人格成长,提升其心理健康水平。此外,还总结了阅读疗法在大学生心理辅导中应用的可行性和特点。
(2)个案咨询研究部分呈现了两例报告,问题分别为情感困扰和适应不良,均为大学生心理问题中常见的主题。对第一例个案呈现了完整的咨询过程,展示了阅读疗法的特色功效,对第二例个案则,展示了阅读疗法在个案咨询中的整体应用状况。个案研究结果表明阅读疗法能有效的解决大学生常见的心理困扰。此外,还对该疗法在个案咨询中的应用进行了反思与总结。
论文最后对全文进行了总结,从社会、学校、班级、家庭、自身以及后续研究者等六个方面提出了自己的建议和看法,以求提高大学生心理健康教育的科学性、实效性和针对性,促进大学生健康成才。
With the development of science and technology,the tempo of socioeconomic life has become increasingly faster,which in the meanwhile has put more pressures on the mankind.For college students,they can never just focus on what surrounding them at school but show less interests in what is going on outside the campus.Since got permitted to the school,they will have to face many stresses coming one after another in their study,campus life,and of course in the job hunting.Continuous exposure to such stresses may cause many psychological problems,the trend of which is showing the signs of increasing year after year.Therefore,emphasis and top coneern should be concentrated on CSPH(College Students' Psyehologieal Healt).
This study focuses on an experiment on effectiveness of bibliotherapy on CSPH. Subjects are carefully selected from the high-frequency group,by SCL-90.And a discussion of CSPH interventional mechanism and bibliotherapy theory and methodology have been made as well with simplicity and ease,effectiveness and non-side effect by using such methodology as literature research,interview,controlled experiment,mathematic and logical analysis.It is the first time that effective bibliotherapy has been made for precaution and recovery.Based on the research above, a few of final conclusions are drawn as follows in the process of bibliotherapy experiment:
Firstly,the bibliotherapy research uses experimental-control group pre-experiment and after-experiment test design.200 college students are recruited as subjects,and are divided into experimental group and control group randomly.The group counseling is held once or twice a week for about 1 hours per session,and 1 month in total.It uses questionnaires combined with interviews to inspect the effects.As the results indicate, bibliotherapy can deepen the understanding of oneself,self-acceptance can be furthered.The growth of personality can be hastened and the mental health can be advanced in whole.Besides,the applicability and characteristics of bibliotherapy also summed up.
The case study presents two reports including lovelorn problem and maladjustment are both met in counseling regularly.The whole process of the first case is presented to show the use of bibliotherapy in counseling.The case study indicates that bibliotherapy can effectively deal with ordinary psychological puzzles of college students.Besides,the application of bibliotherapy in counseling is also rethought and summed up.
In the last of the article,the results of this study are discussed.And from the six aspects of society,college,class,family,students themselves and following researchers, it presents own division and opinion.Such an approach is a combination of theory and practice in the hope of bringing more scientific value,effectiveness and focus to psychological health.Such an approach holds the possibility to generalize,and so to advance our college students.
引文
[1]王波.阅读疗法.北京:海洋出版社,2007:285-286.
[2]宫梅玲,丛中.大学生心理问题阅读治疗研究.中国图书馆学报,2004(2):34-35.
[3]杨兵,邱有生.“阅读疗法”在美国.图书馆论坛,1995(4):75-76.
[4]潘瑞冰.我国高校图书馆阅读治疗研究的现状与发展研究.图书馆建设,2007(4):96-98.
[5]王波.阅读疗法.北京:海洋出版社,2007:85-286.
[6]Brown Eleanor Frances.Bibliotherapy and its widening applications[M].Metuchen:The ScarecrowPr,1975,14.
[7]沈固朝.图书治疗:拓展我国图书馆服务和图书馆学研究新领域[J].图书情报工作,1998,(4):12.
[8]宫梅玲,丛中.大学生心理问题阅读治疗研究.中国图书馆学报,2004(2):34-35.
[9][美]Sharf,R.S..心理治疗与咨询的理论及案例[M].胡佩诚等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[10]马文驹,李伯泰.现代西方心理学名著介绍[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991 10:249
[11]Ching-Huang Wang.Self-guided Bibliotherapeutic Experiences Related to Identity Issue[M].Pro-Quest Information and Learning Company,2003.
[12]贾国华.吉升斯的自我认同理论评述[J].江汉论坛,2003,(5):56-58.
[13]Zipora S,Rachel N.A School-Based Intervention to ReduceAg gressive Behaviorin Malad justed A Dolescents[J].Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,1996,(1):535-552.
[14]Riagg W,Roosendaa.Bibliotherapy in Unipolar Depression:A Meta-Analysis [J].JBeha Ther & ExpPsycjiat,1997,28(2):139-147.
[15]Nancy MS,Mark RF,Forrest S.Three-Year Follow-Upof Bibliotherapy for Depression[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinica Psychology,1997,65(2):324-327.
[16]Cuijpers P.Bibliotherapy inunipolar depression:Ameta-analysis[J].Beha Ther Exp Psychiatry,1997,28(2):139-147.
[17]KimAmer.Bibliotherapy:Using fiction to help children in two population discuss Feelings[J].Pediatric Nursing,1999,25,(1):91-96.
[18]Aad Van Londen,Monique W.M.Van Londen-Barentesen,Maarten J.M.Van Son and Guido A.L.A.Minder.Relapse rate and subsequent parental reaction after successful treatment of children suffering from nocturnal enuresis:a 2.Syear follow-up of bibliotherapy[J].Behav.Res.Ther,1995(3):309-311.
[19]张云华,刘绪真.图书疗法在临床医疗中的作用.中华医学图书情报杂志,2004,Vol.13(2):49-50.
[20]林安.大学生心理健康教育的有益形式-图书治疗.高校图书馆工作,2005(3):89-90.
[21]高文凤,宫梅玲,王连云等.50名大学生阅读治疗前后SCL-90评定初步分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004(6):418-420.
[22]洪社娟.阅读疗法与少数民族大学生心理素质的培养[J].民族教育研究2002.13(50):86-88.
[23]宫梅玲.有助于解决大学生心理问题的期刊类别的调查[J].中国学校卫生,2002(5):22-24.
[24]张敏.高校图书馆对大学生心理危机预防的作用探讨[J].西北医学教育,2005,13(2):146-147.
[25]刘剑伟.阅读疗法对驻藏军人打扑克牌较多者心理的影响[J].中国行为医学利学,2005,14(6):522.
[26]王波傅新.阅读疗法原理.图书馆,2003(3):1-12.
[27]陈音.阅读爱好对人格影响的研究,广州:广州中医药大学硕士学位论文,2006年.
[28]王波.阅读疗法.北京:海洋出版社,2007:285-286
[29]宁琳.当代大学生心理问题社会原因浅析.现代大学教育,2003(1):25
[30]张敏.高校图书馆大学生的心理阅读疗法.医学信息,2005,18(7):755-758.
[31]范文田,王旸.心理干预之阅读疗法研究进展.山东图书馆季刊,2006(3):56-59
[32]雷新彦.高校图书馆新功能的开发-阅读疗法.杨凌职业技术学院学报,2006,5(4):40-42.
[33]张春蕾.大学生心理问题及其阅读治疗.科技情报开发与经济,2005,Vol.15(21):63-64,151.
[34]刘胜江,张大均.阅读疗法概念、机理及运用中应把握的几个问题.医学与哲学,2005,Vol.26(3):63-64.
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[55]Zipora S,Rachel N.A School-Based Intervention to ReduceAg gressive Behaviorin Malad justed A dolescents[J].Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,1996,(17):535-552.
[56]Riagg W,Roosendaa.Bibliotherapy in Unipolar Depression:A Meta-Analysis [J].JBehav Ther&ExpPsycjiat,1997,28(2):139-147.
[57]王波.阅读疗法书目[J].高校图书馆工作,2004,5:14-22.
[2]宫梅玲,丛中.大学生心理问题阅读治疗研究.中国图书馆学报,2004(2):34-35.
[3]杨兵,邱有生.“阅读疗法”在美国.图书馆论坛,1995(4):75-76.
[4]潘瑞冰.我国高校图书馆阅读治疗研究的现状与发展研究.图书馆建设,2007(4):96-98.
[5]王波.阅读疗法.北京:海洋出版社,2007:85-286.
[6]Brown Eleanor Frances.Bibliotherapy and its widening applications[M].Metuchen:The ScarecrowPr,1975,14.
[7]沈固朝.图书治疗:拓展我国图书馆服务和图书馆学研究新领域[J].图书情报工作,1998,(4):12.
[8]宫梅玲,丛中.大学生心理问题阅读治疗研究.中国图书馆学报,2004(2):34-35.
[9][美]Sharf,R.S..心理治疗与咨询的理论及案例[M].胡佩诚等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[10]马文驹,李伯泰.现代西方心理学名著介绍[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991 10:249
[11]Ching-Huang Wang.Self-guided Bibliotherapeutic Experiences Related to Identity Issue[M].Pro-Quest Information and Learning Company,2003.
[12]贾国华.吉升斯的自我认同理论评述[J].江汉论坛,2003,(5):56-58.
[13]Zipora S,Rachel N.A School-Based Intervention to ReduceAg gressive Behaviorin Malad justed A Dolescents[J].Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,1996,(1):535-552.
[14]Riagg W,Roosendaa.Bibliotherapy in Unipolar Depression:A Meta-Analysis [J].JBeha Ther & ExpPsycjiat,1997,28(2):139-147.
[15]Nancy MS,Mark RF,Forrest S.Three-Year Follow-Upof Bibliotherapy for Depression[J].Journal of Consulting and Clinica Psychology,1997,65(2):324-327.
[16]Cuijpers P.Bibliotherapy inunipolar depression:Ameta-analysis[J].Beha Ther Exp Psychiatry,1997,28(2):139-147.
[17]KimAmer.Bibliotherapy:Using fiction to help children in two population discuss Feelings[J].Pediatric Nursing,1999,25,(1):91-96.
[18]Aad Van Londen,Monique W.M.Van Londen-Barentesen,Maarten J.M.Van Son and Guido A.L.A.Minder.Relapse rate and subsequent parental reaction after successful treatment of children suffering from nocturnal enuresis:a 2.Syear follow-up of bibliotherapy[J].Behav.Res.Ther,1995(3):309-311.
[19]张云华,刘绪真.图书疗法在临床医疗中的作用.中华医学图书情报杂志,2004,Vol.13(2):49-50.
[20]林安.大学生心理健康教育的有益形式-图书治疗.高校图书馆工作,2005(3):89-90.
[21]高文凤,宫梅玲,王连云等.50名大学生阅读治疗前后SCL-90评定初步分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004(6):418-420.
[22]洪社娟.阅读疗法与少数民族大学生心理素质的培养[J].民族教育研究2002.13(50):86-88.
[23]宫梅玲.有助于解决大学生心理问题的期刊类别的调查[J].中国学校卫生,2002(5):22-24.
[24]张敏.高校图书馆对大学生心理危机预防的作用探讨[J].西北医学教育,2005,13(2):146-147.
[25]刘剑伟.阅读疗法对驻藏军人打扑克牌较多者心理的影响[J].中国行为医学利学,2005,14(6):522.
[26]王波傅新.阅读疗法原理.图书馆,2003(3):1-12.
[27]陈音.阅读爱好对人格影响的研究,广州:广州中医药大学硕士学位论文,2006年.
[28]王波.阅读疗法.北京:海洋出版社,2007:285-286
[29]宁琳.当代大学生心理问题社会原因浅析.现代大学教育,2003(1):25
[30]张敏.高校图书馆大学生的心理阅读疗法.医学信息,2005,18(7):755-758.
[31]范文田,王旸.心理干预之阅读疗法研究进展.山东图书馆季刊,2006(3):56-59
[32]雷新彦.高校图书馆新功能的开发-阅读疗法.杨凌职业技术学院学报,2006,5(4):40-42.
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