养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性及抑制的研究
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摘要
大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)属石首鱼科黄鱼属,主要分布于中国、日本和朝鲜。我国则分布于南海、东海、和黄海南部,以浙江、江苏海域分布最多,为我国主要海产经济鱼类之一。它肉质细嫩鲜美、蛋白质高、胆固醇低,因此深受海内外消费者青睐。
本实验课题以养殖大黄鱼为原料,以ATPase活性、盐溶性蛋白质含量、pH值、巯基含量、TPA模式的质构变化为指标,研究了不同温度贮藏条件下养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性情况;通过正交实验L_9(3~3),添加多聚磷酸盐、山梨醇、海藻糖,研究pH值、盐溶性蛋白含量和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性的变化,得出防止蛋白质冷冻变性的三种抗冻剂的最佳配比;研究了随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,抗冻剂对抑制养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性的稳定性;观察了冷冻贮藏3个月之后与冰鲜养殖大黄鱼相比,不同冷冻贮藏温度下、添加抗冻剂与否养殖大黄鱼组织结构的变化。研究结果如下:
将养殖大黄鱼冷冻贮藏在-18℃和-50℃两种不同温度后,随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,与-50℃条件下贮藏的养殖大黄鱼相比,-18℃条件下贮藏的养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性情况更加严重。这与国内外一些学者对淡水鱼和海水鱼蛋白质冷冻变性研究的结果相吻合,即冷冻贮藏温度越低,鱼肉蛋白质冷冻变性程度越小。
通过实验确定三种抗冻剂的最佳配比为:2%多聚磷酸盐、1%海藻糖、2%山梨醇,在添加抗冻剂后养殖大黄鱼的pH值、盐溶性蛋白质、ATPase分别比未添加抗冻剂时提高了1.60%、34.00%、43.52%。
将添加抗冻剂和未添加抗冻剂的养殖大黄鱼同时贮藏在-18℃条件下,随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,未添加抗冻剂的养殖大黄鱼蛋白质变性更加严重。因此可以得出结论:抗冻剂可以有效抑制养殖大黄鱼蛋白质的冷冻变性。
冷冻贮藏3个月之后,通过透射电镜对不同冻藏温度下和冷冻贮藏在-18℃条件下,添加抗冻剂与否的养殖大黄鱼进行观察,并与冰鲜养殖大黄鱼进行比较,可以发现:添加抗冻剂和选择较低的冷冻贮藏温度,可以减少养殖大黄鱼鱼肉组织结构的破坏程度;添加抗冻剂和选择较低的冷冻贮藏温度,可以有效防止蛋白质冷冻变性。
Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson) is a member of Richardson sections,yellow croaker species,which mainly grows in China,Japan and Korea.In China,it lives in South Sea,East Sea and the south of Yellow Sea,especially in Zhejiang and Jiangsu sea area.It is one of the chief economic marine fishes.Its meat is delicious with rich protein and poor cholesterol.Therefore,it is a kind of favourate food to people at home and abroad.
In this paper,the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different temperatures was investigated,taking Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity,salt dissolved protein content,pH value,SH content of myofibrillar protein,texture profile analysis(TPA) textural properties as indexes.Orthogonal experiment L_9(3~3) was designed to study the effect of three kinds of antifreezes,polyphosphate,trehalose,sorbitol optimum on pH,salt dissolved protein content and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein,so as to obtain the optimum method in preventing the frozen denaturation.The stability of antifreezes in preventing the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein was investigated with the extension of frozen storage period. Compared with fresh Pseudosciaena crocea,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different storage temperature and the difference of organization structure between cultured Pseudosciaena crocea of frozen storage with and without antifreezes were investigated after three months by transmission-type electron microscope(TEM).The results are as follows:
The frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein at -18℃was worse than that stored at-50℃with the extension of frozen storage period.This result is similar to other results about frozen denaturation of marine fishes reported by scholars at home and abroad, that is,the lower frozen storage temperature is,the less extent of frozen denaturation of fish protein is.
The optimum formulation of three kinds of antifreezes (polyphosphate,trehalose,sorbitol) in preventing the frozen denaturation was:polyphosphate 2%,trehalose 1%,sorbitol 2%.When antifreezes were added,pH,salt dissolved protein content,Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea were improved by 1.60%,33.98%and 43.52%respectively.
At-18℃,the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein without antifreezes was worse than cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein with antifreezes.It can be concluded that antifreezes can prevent the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein effectively.
After three months of frozen storage of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different frozen temperature,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea with and without antifreezes were observed and compared with the fresh cultured Pseudosciaena crocea.The results showed that the organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea stored at-50℃was better than that stored-18℃. The organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea with antifreezes was better than that without antifreezes.It can be concluded that lower frozen storage temperature and antifreezes can prevent frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein effectively.
本实验课题以养殖大黄鱼为原料,以ATPase活性、盐溶性蛋白质含量、pH值、巯基含量、TPA模式的质构变化为指标,研究了不同温度贮藏条件下养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性情况;通过正交实验L_9(3~3),添加多聚磷酸盐、山梨醇、海藻糖,研究pH值、盐溶性蛋白含量和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性的变化,得出防止蛋白质冷冻变性的三种抗冻剂的最佳配比;研究了随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,抗冻剂对抑制养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性的稳定性;观察了冷冻贮藏3个月之后与冰鲜养殖大黄鱼相比,不同冷冻贮藏温度下、添加抗冻剂与否养殖大黄鱼组织结构的变化。研究结果如下:
将养殖大黄鱼冷冻贮藏在-18℃和-50℃两种不同温度后,随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,与-50℃条件下贮藏的养殖大黄鱼相比,-18℃条件下贮藏的养殖大黄鱼蛋白质冷冻变性情况更加严重。这与国内外一些学者对淡水鱼和海水鱼蛋白质冷冻变性研究的结果相吻合,即冷冻贮藏温度越低,鱼肉蛋白质冷冻变性程度越小。
通过实验确定三种抗冻剂的最佳配比为:2%多聚磷酸盐、1%海藻糖、2%山梨醇,在添加抗冻剂后养殖大黄鱼的pH值、盐溶性蛋白质、ATPase分别比未添加抗冻剂时提高了1.60%、34.00%、43.52%。
将添加抗冻剂和未添加抗冻剂的养殖大黄鱼同时贮藏在-18℃条件下,随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,未添加抗冻剂的养殖大黄鱼蛋白质变性更加严重。因此可以得出结论:抗冻剂可以有效抑制养殖大黄鱼蛋白质的冷冻变性。
冷冻贮藏3个月之后,通过透射电镜对不同冻藏温度下和冷冻贮藏在-18℃条件下,添加抗冻剂与否的养殖大黄鱼进行观察,并与冰鲜养殖大黄鱼进行比较,可以发现:添加抗冻剂和选择较低的冷冻贮藏温度,可以减少养殖大黄鱼鱼肉组织结构的破坏程度;添加抗冻剂和选择较低的冷冻贮藏温度,可以有效防止蛋白质冷冻变性。
Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson) is a member of Richardson sections,yellow croaker species,which mainly grows in China,Japan and Korea.In China,it lives in South Sea,East Sea and the south of Yellow Sea,especially in Zhejiang and Jiangsu sea area.It is one of the chief economic marine fishes.Its meat is delicious with rich protein and poor cholesterol.Therefore,it is a kind of favourate food to people at home and abroad.
In this paper,the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different temperatures was investigated,taking Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity,salt dissolved protein content,pH value,SH content of myofibrillar protein,texture profile analysis(TPA) textural properties as indexes.Orthogonal experiment L_9(3~3) was designed to study the effect of three kinds of antifreezes,polyphosphate,trehalose,sorbitol optimum on pH,salt dissolved protein content and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein,so as to obtain the optimum method in preventing the frozen denaturation.The stability of antifreezes in preventing the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein was investigated with the extension of frozen storage period. Compared with fresh Pseudosciaena crocea,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different storage temperature and the difference of organization structure between cultured Pseudosciaena crocea of frozen storage with and without antifreezes were investigated after three months by transmission-type electron microscope(TEM).The results are as follows:
The frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein at -18℃was worse than that stored at-50℃with the extension of frozen storage period.This result is similar to other results about frozen denaturation of marine fishes reported by scholars at home and abroad, that is,the lower frozen storage temperature is,the less extent of frozen denaturation of fish protein is.
The optimum formulation of three kinds of antifreezes (polyphosphate,trehalose,sorbitol) in preventing the frozen denaturation was:polyphosphate 2%,trehalose 1%,sorbitol 2%.When antifreezes were added,pH,salt dissolved protein content,Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea were improved by 1.60%,33.98%and 43.52%respectively.
At-18℃,the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein without antifreezes was worse than cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein with antifreezes.It can be concluded that antifreezes can prevent the frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein effectively.
After three months of frozen storage of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea at different frozen temperature,the changes of organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea with and without antifreezes were observed and compared with the fresh cultured Pseudosciaena crocea.The results showed that the organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea stored at-50℃was better than that stored-18℃. The organization structure of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea with antifreezes was better than that without antifreezes.It can be concluded that lower frozen storage temperature and antifreezes can prevent frozen denaturation of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea protein effectively.
引文
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