分子蒸馏过程数值模拟及其在菜籽油脱臭馏出物再资源化中的应用研究
|
摘要
分子蒸馏适用于高沸点、热敏性、易氧化物质的分离，在食品和化学工业中的应用逐步受到重视。目前对分子蒸馏的应用基础理论研究尚不够深入，工艺参数的确定主要依靠具体操作经验总结和试验操作的优化：分子蒸馏在菜籽油脱臭馏出物(Rapeseed Oil Deodorizer Distillate，RODD)有效成分分离中尚缺乏系统性。本论文目的是对分子蒸馏过程进行数值模拟，开展基于分子蒸馏的RODD有效成分分离研究，为RODD再资源化提供技术支持。
课题通过分析分子蒸馏液膜表面流体流动和传质传热特性，根据物料在进料、蒸馏和冷凝时物性变化，建立蒸发和冷凝液膜性质关联的二组分分子蒸馏模型；以RODD为研究对象，运用分子蒸馏、酸催化酯化和脂肪酶催化分离维生素E、甾醇和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)，模拟预测分离维生素E(V_E)，指导实际分离过程。主要研究内容及结果如下：
1、分析分子蒸馏液膜表面流体流动和传质传热特性，根据物料物化性质变化，建立蒸发和冷凝液膜性质关联的二组分分子蒸馏液膜模型。
(1)对建立的分子蒸馏液膜模型利用平均隐式差分法Crank-Nicholson数值求解，过程稳定。通过EHP-EHS验证，模拟计算结果与实际试验结果最大误差低于5.1％。通过DBP-DBS物系数值模拟，系统研究进料温度、冷凝温度、进料浓度和进料速率对分子蒸馏过程的影响。进料温度增加，蒸发液膜的厚度和表面浓度沿轴向不断降低的趋势更加明显，液膜表面温度较快达到平衡稳态温度，DBP的蒸发速率增大的趋势越加明显。冷凝温度增高，冷凝液膜表面分子返蒸发严重。进料浓度增加，液膜表面温度降低，蒸馏率提高；进料速率增加，液膜表面温度达到稳态较慢，蒸馏量降低。
(2)经DBP-DBS物系数值模拟，系统研究分段冷凝和分段蒸发对分子蒸馏过程的影响。分子蒸馏等温分段冷凝可以降低返蒸发效应的影响，得到浓度梯度较大的目标组分，增大了蒸馏量，避免实际蒸馏过程中“喷溅”现象对产品的不良影响。通过温度梯度冷凝则可以得到浓度梯次更大的目标组分。通过分子蒸馏分段蒸发，蒸发液膜表面温度随蒸发温度梯度的升高逐渐以“爬坡式”达到恒定值，实现了不同挥发组分在相应冷凝面上收集。采用脉冲示踪法研究刮膜式分子蒸馏中物料的停留时间分布，为刮膜转速选择提供依据。
2、以RODD为研究对象，运用分子蒸馏、酸碱催化酯化和脂肪酶催化技术分离维生素E、甾醇和FAME。
(1)系统研究并优化了RODD经甲酯化途径分离甾醇、FAME和V_E工艺。建立菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化过程甾醇分离的数学模型，考察分子蒸馏操作参数对酯化物中相继分离FAME和维生素E的影响。当酯化反应液固比100ml／100g、甲酯化时间1.65h、催化剂用量4.4ml，酯化率达98％。当分子蒸馏系统压力为5.3Pa、蒸发面温度120℃、进料温度70℃、刮膜转速150 r／min、进料速率120mL／h时，FAME回收率达到41g／100mL。当系统压力2.66Pa、分子蒸馏蒸发面温度200℃、进料速率90ml／h、刮膜转速150r／min时，V_E的浓度和回收率分别达34.7％和89.5％。采用分子蒸馏直接分离游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓缩V_E时，维生素E浓度和回收率达26.32％和69.23％，相对分离FAME浓缩维生素E方法，浓度和回收率均降低。
(2)采用脂肪酶催化酯化和分子蒸馏浓缩维生素E，运用响应曲面建立了脂肪酶反应时FAME含量的数学模型，并与动量梯度下降神经网络模型做了对比分析。当20g反应原料，初始加入水量11.77ml；单次加入甲醇量1.32ml，同时加入脂肪酶15U；初始加入酶量30.78U；水解时间16h，总反应时间40h，酯化率达到55％，二次蒸馏操作后V_E纯度达到25.2％以上。响应曲面优化分析结果相对神经网络结果较佳。
3、利用建立的分子蒸馏液膜模型模拟预测分离油脚中的维生素E和FFA，与实际试验数据进行了比较，为分子蒸馏操作参数优化提供理论依据。
(1)V_E分离模拟预测结果与试验结果曲线趋势相近。随着蒸馏温度和进料温度的增加，V_E浓度增大。达到较高浓度V_E时的模拟蒸馏温度较试验结果降低了20K，V_E浓度相差15％。随着蒸馏温度的增加，FFA分离时的蒸馏量增大，模拟值与实验值的相对误差不超过16％，同时重组分中FFA含量不断降低，模拟值与实际值随蒸馏温度的变化趋势相近。
(2)应用Visual Basic 6.0中Matrix VB技术把Visual Basic的可视化设计同Matlab处理数据的优越性相结合，初步建立了分子蒸馏过程仿真软件，具有界面友好、操作简便的特点。
Molecular distillation (MD) process is useful in the separation and purification of materials of high boiling point, as well as those that are thermally sensitive. It has been gotten more and more applications in food and chemistry industries. However, there remain unexplored larger and more important fields of molecular distillation. Parameters of practical production still depend upon experience and optimization methods. Application of MD on the separation of active components from rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate (RODD) is not systematically studied.The objective of study is to carry out numerical simulation of molecular distillation and separation of components from RODD, which provides technical support for recycling of RODD.
In this study, balanced equations of a binary mixture for MD were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface, allowing for the feed, evaporating and condensing physical-chemical properties. The separation of vitamin E, sterols and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with acid and lipase esterification by MD from RODD and simulation for separation of vitamin E from RODD were carried out. The main work and results were as follows.
1. Balanced equations of a binary mixture for MD were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films taking account of the properties change of mixture.
(1)The stable implicit finite differences Crank-Nicholson method was used for the transformation of partial differential equation into discrete form. The model values agreed well with the experimental values. The maximum relative error did not exceed 5.1%. The effects of feed temperature, condenser temperature, feed concentration and feed rate on MD process were investigated by the simulation of DBP-DBS mixture distillation. As the feed temperature increased, film thickness and surface concentration decreased sharply. It was more remarkable with an increase of feed temperature. The length of the evaporating cylinder along with the surface temperature of evaporating film reached steady-state was decreasing with increasing feed temperature. Evaporation rate of DBP increased with an increase of feed temperature. Evaporation rate decreased and re-evaporation on condensing film taken place with increasing of condensing temperature. Evaporating film surface temperature decreased while degree of evaporation and separation factor increased with the increase of feed concentration. Evaporating film thickness, surface concentration and composition of distillate increased, while degree of evaporation decreased when feed rate increased. The length of the evaporating cylinder along with the surface temperature of evaporating film reached steady-state decreasing with increasing feed rate.
(2) Influences of divided evaporator and condenser on MD process were investigated by the simulation of DBP-DBS mixture distillation. Results showed that influence of splashing on desired substance caused by insufficient removal of gases and re-evaporation were minimized by the divided condenser. Gradient concentration of desired substance and increased degree of evaporation were obtained. Desired product concentration could be obtained by adjusting correspond condensing temperature. Evaporating film surface temperature was gradient increased nearly to the evaporator temperature through the gradient temperature increase of divided evaporator. Degree of evaporation increased with the increase of evaporator temperature. Different components could be collected on correspond condenser. The residence time distribution was carried out for wiped film molecular distillation by impulse response method.
2. The separation of vitamin E, sterols and FAME with acid and lipase esterification by molecular distillation from RODD.
(1) Optimization of sterols, FAME and vitamin E separation from RODD was studied systematically on basis of acid catalyzed methyl esterification. A mathematical regression model was presented for separation of sterols in methyl esterification of RODD. The effects of MD operation parameters on separation of FAME and vitamin E from RODD were investigated. The results showed that the methyl ester rate was above 98% when methyl esterification temperature 60℃, time 1.65hrs ,catalyst 4.4%, methanol/material ratio 100ml/100g. It indicated that the recovery of FAME was 41g/100mL when pressure 5.2Pa, evaporating temperature 120℃, feed temperature 70℃, wiper rolling speed 150 rpm and feed rate 120mL/h.. when experiments with an evaporating temperature of 200℃, feed flow rate of 90 ml h~(-1) and wiper rolling speed of 150 rpm was conducted, the content and recovery of V_E was above 34.7%, 89.5% respectively after molecular distillation. Vitamin E was concentrated by molecular distillation by eliminating free fatty acid (FFA), content and recovery in the residue were 26.32% and 69.23%, respectively. Compared to the FAME separation to concentrate vitamin E, vitamin E concentration and recovery of vitamin E by this method was lower.
(2) MD and lipase catalyzed methyl esterification were applied for vitamin E concentration. The model of FAME content produced by enzymatic reaction was presented by RSM and compared with the BP neural network model with algorithm with momentous factor. The results indicated that when RODDTGF 20g, reaction temperature 37℃, the amount of water 11.7ml and lipase 30.78 U for hydrolysis time 16 h followed by amount of methanol added 1.32ml with lipase 15 U per time of three times, and total reaction time 40h, the content of V_E was 25.2% after twice MD. Optimization by RSM was better compared to the BP neural network model.
3. Molecular distillation simulation for separating desired components was carried out. Model value of V_E concentration was compared with experimental value.
(1) Simulation for separation of V_E from RODD and separation of FFA from soapstock were carried out. Results showed that the tendency of model value was similar to that of experimental value. V_E concentration increased with the increase of evaporator and feed temperature. Evaporator temperature of model was lower 20K than experimental value and relative error of V_E concentration was below 15% when high concentration was obtained. Degree of evaporation increased with the increase of evaporator temperature when FFA separation took place. The relative error between model and experimental value was below 16%. The FFA content in residue decreased when evaporator temperature increased and was similar to model values.
(2) MD process software was developed combining the advantages of Matlab data-processing with object oriented design of Visual Basic 6.0 by Matrix VB. The software had the characteristics of friendly interface and conveniently processing.
课题通过分析分子蒸馏液膜表面流体流动和传质传热特性，根据物料在进料、蒸馏和冷凝时物性变化，建立蒸发和冷凝液膜性质关联的二组分分子蒸馏模型；以RODD为研究对象，运用分子蒸馏、酸催化酯化和脂肪酶催化分离维生素E、甾醇和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)，模拟预测分离维生素E(V_E)，指导实际分离过程。主要研究内容及结果如下：
1、分析分子蒸馏液膜表面流体流动和传质传热特性，根据物料物化性质变化，建立蒸发和冷凝液膜性质关联的二组分分子蒸馏液膜模型。
(1)对建立的分子蒸馏液膜模型利用平均隐式差分法Crank-Nicholson数值求解，过程稳定。通过EHP-EHS验证，模拟计算结果与实际试验结果最大误差低于5.1％。通过DBP-DBS物系数值模拟，系统研究进料温度、冷凝温度、进料浓度和进料速率对分子蒸馏过程的影响。进料温度增加，蒸发液膜的厚度和表面浓度沿轴向不断降低的趋势更加明显，液膜表面温度较快达到平衡稳态温度，DBP的蒸发速率增大的趋势越加明显。冷凝温度增高，冷凝液膜表面分子返蒸发严重。进料浓度增加，液膜表面温度降低，蒸馏率提高；进料速率增加，液膜表面温度达到稳态较慢，蒸馏量降低。
(2)经DBP-DBS物系数值模拟，系统研究分段冷凝和分段蒸发对分子蒸馏过程的影响。分子蒸馏等温分段冷凝可以降低返蒸发效应的影响，得到浓度梯度较大的目标组分，增大了蒸馏量，避免实际蒸馏过程中“喷溅”现象对产品的不良影响。通过温度梯度冷凝则可以得到浓度梯次更大的目标组分。通过分子蒸馏分段蒸发，蒸发液膜表面温度随蒸发温度梯度的升高逐渐以“爬坡式”达到恒定值，实现了不同挥发组分在相应冷凝面上收集。采用脉冲示踪法研究刮膜式分子蒸馏中物料的停留时间分布，为刮膜转速选择提供依据。
2、以RODD为研究对象，运用分子蒸馏、酸碱催化酯化和脂肪酶催化技术分离维生素E、甾醇和FAME。
(1)系统研究并优化了RODD经甲酯化途径分离甾醇、FAME和V_E工艺。建立菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化过程甾醇分离的数学模型，考察分子蒸馏操作参数对酯化物中相继分离FAME和维生素E的影响。当酯化反应液固比100ml／100g、甲酯化时间1.65h、催化剂用量4.4ml，酯化率达98％。当分子蒸馏系统压力为5.3Pa、蒸发面温度120℃、进料温度70℃、刮膜转速150 r／min、进料速率120mL／h时，FAME回收率达到41g／100mL。当系统压力2.66Pa、分子蒸馏蒸发面温度200℃、进料速率90ml／h、刮膜转速150r／min时，V_E的浓度和回收率分别达34.7％和89.5％。采用分子蒸馏直接分离游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓缩V_E时，维生素E浓度和回收率达26.32％和69.23％，相对分离FAME浓缩维生素E方法，浓度和回收率均降低。
(2)采用脂肪酶催化酯化和分子蒸馏浓缩维生素E，运用响应曲面建立了脂肪酶反应时FAME含量的数学模型，并与动量梯度下降神经网络模型做了对比分析。当20g反应原料，初始加入水量11.77ml；单次加入甲醇量1.32ml，同时加入脂肪酶15U；初始加入酶量30.78U；水解时间16h，总反应时间40h，酯化率达到55％，二次蒸馏操作后V_E纯度达到25.2％以上。响应曲面优化分析结果相对神经网络结果较佳。
3、利用建立的分子蒸馏液膜模型模拟预测分离油脚中的维生素E和FFA，与实际试验数据进行了比较，为分子蒸馏操作参数优化提供理论依据。
(1)V_E分离模拟预测结果与试验结果曲线趋势相近。随着蒸馏温度和进料温度的增加，V_E浓度增大。达到较高浓度V_E时的模拟蒸馏温度较试验结果降低了20K，V_E浓度相差15％。随着蒸馏温度的增加，FFA分离时的蒸馏量增大，模拟值与实验值的相对误差不超过16％，同时重组分中FFA含量不断降低，模拟值与实际值随蒸馏温度的变化趋势相近。
(2)应用Visual Basic 6.0中Matrix VB技术把Visual Basic的可视化设计同Matlab处理数据的优越性相结合，初步建立了分子蒸馏过程仿真软件，具有界面友好、操作简便的特点。
Molecular distillation (MD) process is useful in the separation and purification of materials of high boiling point, as well as those that are thermally sensitive. It has been gotten more and more applications in food and chemistry industries. However, there remain unexplored larger and more important fields of molecular distillation. Parameters of practical production still depend upon experience and optimization methods. Application of MD on the separation of active components from rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate (RODD) is not systematically studied.The objective of study is to carry out numerical simulation of molecular distillation and separation of components from RODD, which provides technical support for recycling of RODD.
In this study, balanced equations of a binary mixture for MD were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface, allowing for the feed, evaporating and condensing physical-chemical properties. The separation of vitamin E, sterols and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with acid and lipase esterification by MD from RODD and simulation for separation of vitamin E from RODD were carried out. The main work and results were as follows.
1. Balanced equations of a binary mixture for MD were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films taking account of the properties change of mixture.
(1)The stable implicit finite differences Crank-Nicholson method was used for the transformation of partial differential equation into discrete form. The model values agreed well with the experimental values. The maximum relative error did not exceed 5.1%. The effects of feed temperature, condenser temperature, feed concentration and feed rate on MD process were investigated by the simulation of DBP-DBS mixture distillation. As the feed temperature increased, film thickness and surface concentration decreased sharply. It was more remarkable with an increase of feed temperature. The length of the evaporating cylinder along with the surface temperature of evaporating film reached steady-state was decreasing with increasing feed temperature. Evaporation rate of DBP increased with an increase of feed temperature. Evaporation rate decreased and re-evaporation on condensing film taken place with increasing of condensing temperature. Evaporating film surface temperature decreased while degree of evaporation and separation factor increased with the increase of feed concentration. Evaporating film thickness, surface concentration and composition of distillate increased, while degree of evaporation decreased when feed rate increased. The length of the evaporating cylinder along with the surface temperature of evaporating film reached steady-state decreasing with increasing feed rate.
(2) Influences of divided evaporator and condenser on MD process were investigated by the simulation of DBP-DBS mixture distillation. Results showed that influence of splashing on desired substance caused by insufficient removal of gases and re-evaporation were minimized by the divided condenser. Gradient concentration of desired substance and increased degree of evaporation were obtained. Desired product concentration could be obtained by adjusting correspond condensing temperature. Evaporating film surface temperature was gradient increased nearly to the evaporator temperature through the gradient temperature increase of divided evaporator. Degree of evaporation increased with the increase of evaporator temperature. Different components could be collected on correspond condenser. The residence time distribution was carried out for wiped film molecular distillation by impulse response method.
2. The separation of vitamin E, sterols and FAME with acid and lipase esterification by molecular distillation from RODD.
(1) Optimization of sterols, FAME and vitamin E separation from RODD was studied systematically on basis of acid catalyzed methyl esterification. A mathematical regression model was presented for separation of sterols in methyl esterification of RODD. The effects of MD operation parameters on separation of FAME and vitamin E from RODD were investigated. The results showed that the methyl ester rate was above 98% when methyl esterification temperature 60℃, time 1.65hrs ,catalyst 4.4%, methanol/material ratio 100ml/100g. It indicated that the recovery of FAME was 41g/100mL when pressure 5.2Pa, evaporating temperature 120℃, feed temperature 70℃, wiper rolling speed 150 rpm and feed rate 120mL/h.. when experiments with an evaporating temperature of 200℃, feed flow rate of 90 ml h~(-1) and wiper rolling speed of 150 rpm was conducted, the content and recovery of V_E was above 34.7%, 89.5% respectively after molecular distillation. Vitamin E was concentrated by molecular distillation by eliminating free fatty acid (FFA), content and recovery in the residue were 26.32% and 69.23%, respectively. Compared to the FAME separation to concentrate vitamin E, vitamin E concentration and recovery of vitamin E by this method was lower.
(2) MD and lipase catalyzed methyl esterification were applied for vitamin E concentration. The model of FAME content produced by enzymatic reaction was presented by RSM and compared with the BP neural network model with algorithm with momentous factor. The results indicated that when RODDTGF 20g, reaction temperature 37℃, the amount of water 11.7ml and lipase 30.78 U for hydrolysis time 16 h followed by amount of methanol added 1.32ml with lipase 15 U per time of three times, and total reaction time 40h, the content of V_E was 25.2% after twice MD. Optimization by RSM was better compared to the BP neural network model.
3. Molecular distillation simulation for separating desired components was carried out. Model value of V_E concentration was compared with experimental value.
(1) Simulation for separation of V_E from RODD and separation of FFA from soapstock were carried out. Results showed that the tendency of model value was similar to that of experimental value. V_E concentration increased with the increase of evaporator and feed temperature. Evaporator temperature of model was lower 20K than experimental value and relative error of V_E concentration was below 15% when high concentration was obtained. Degree of evaporation increased with the increase of evaporator temperature when FFA separation took place. The relative error between model and experimental value was below 16%. The FFA content in residue decreased when evaporator temperature increased and was similar to model values.
(2) MD process software was developed combining the advantages of Matlab data-processing with object oriented design of Visual Basic 6.0 by Matrix VB. The software had the characteristics of friendly interface and conveniently processing.
引文
1．倪培德．油脂加工技术[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2003．
2. Durant A.A, Dumont M.J, Narine S.S. In situ silylation for the multicomponent analysis of canola oil by-products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 559(2): 227-233.
3. Rosenberg H.R. Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. Washington D.C: American Chemistry Society, 1949.
4. Combs G F. Jr. The vitamins: Fundamental aspects in nutritional and health. 2nd Edition, Califomia, U.S.A: Academic Press, 1998.
5．樊明涛、吴守一、马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究[J]．农业工程学报．2002，18(2)：106-109．
6. Aurelia Maza. U.S. Pat. No.5078920. Process for separating mixted fatty acids from deodorizer distillate using urea.
7. Brunner G, Malchow TH, Sturken K. Separation of tocopherols from deodorizer condensates by countercurrent extraction with carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 1991, 4: 72-80.
8. Uno K, Skibuta Y, Kataoka Y. Japanese Patent application S 60-149 582, 18.
9. Fang T, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Phase equilibria for the ternary system methyl oleate + tocopherol+supercritical CO2[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 2005, 50(2): 390-397.
10．刘云、丁霄霖、朱丹华．超临界CO2双柱逆流萃馏浓缩天然维生素E的最佳工艺研究[J]．中国食品添加剂．2005，4：26-31．
11．周泉城、盛桂华、吴谋成．超临界二氧化碳提取物中生育酚的LC／APCI-MS2测定[J]．农业工程学报，2004，20(6)：212-215．
12．周泉城、吴谋成．菜籽脱臭馏出物中天然维生素E的超临界流体萃取[J]．中国粮油学报．2004，19(1)：61-63．
13．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．连续进料超临界二氧化碳萃取和浓缩α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．18(2)：67-70．
14. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
15. Ramamurthi S, Bhirud P R, McCurdy A R. Enzymatic methylation of canola oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1991, 68(12): 970-975.
16. Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya D.K. Isolation of tocopherol and sterol concentrate from sunflower oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1996, 73(10): 1271-1274.
17. Watanabe Y, Nagao T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Shimada Y. purification of tocopherols and phytosterols by a two-step in situ enzymatic reaction[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2004, 81(4): 339-345.
18. Martins P F, Batistella C B, Maciel-Filho R, et al. Comparison of two different strategies for tocopherols enrichment using a molecular distillation process[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2006, 45(2): 753-758.
19. Martins P F, Ito V M, Batistella C B, et al. Free fatty acid separation from vegetable oil deodorizer distillate using molecular distillation process [J]. Separation and Purification Technology. 2006, 48(1): 78-84.
20. Nagao T, Kobayashi T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Kishimoto N, Fujita T, Watanabe Yomi, Shimada Yuji. Improvement of a process for purification of tocopherols and sterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 37(I-6): 56-62.
21. Shimada Y, Nakai S, Suenaga M, Sugihara A, Kitano M, Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
22. Mendes M.F, Pessoa F.L.P, Uller A.M.C. optimization of the process of concentration of vitamin e from DDSO using supercritical CO2[J]. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2005, 22(1): 83-91.
23. Mendes M. F, Pessoa F.L.P, Coelho G.V, Uller A.M.C. Recovery of the high aggregated compounds present in the deodorizer distillate of the vegetable oils using supercritical fluids[J]. Journal of Supercritical fluids. 2005, 34(2): 157-162.
24. Mendes M.F, Uller A.M.C, Pessoa F.L.P. Simulation and thermodynamic modeling of the extraction of tocopherol from a synthetic mixture of tocopherol, squalene and CO_2[J]. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2000, 17(4): 761-769.
25. Mendes, M. F.; Pessoa, F. L.P.; Uller, A.M.C. An economic evaluation based on an experimental study of the vitamin E concentration present in deodorizer distillate of soybean oil using supercritical CO2[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 2002, 23(3): 257-265.
26. B.S.Chu, S.Y.Quek, B.S.Baharin. optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis for concentration of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate[J]. Food Chemistry. 2003, 80: 295-302.
27. B.S.Chu, B.S.Baharin, S.Y.Quek, Factors affecting pre-concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate by tipase-catalyzed hydrolysis[J]. Food Chemistry.2002, 79: 55-59.
28. Nagesha G.K, Manohar B, Udaya Sankar K. Enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids of hydrolyzed soy deodorizer distillate in supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Supercritical fluids. 2004, 32(1-3): 137-145.
29. Ibanez E, Palacios J, Senorans F.J, Santa-Maria, Tabera J, Reglero G. Isolation and separation of tocopherols from olive by-products with supercritical fluids[J]. JAOCS. 2000, 77(2): 187-190.
30. King J W, Favati F, Taylor S L. Production of tocopherol concentrates by supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1996. 31: 1843-1857.
31. Moraes E.B, Batistella C.B, Torres AIvarez M.E, Maciel Filho Rubens, Wolf Maciel M.R. Evaluation of tocopherol recovery through simulation of molecular distillation process[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology-Part A Enzyme Engineering and Biotechnology. 2004, 113-116: 689-711.
32．辛志宏、马海乐、吴守一、李国文、樊明涛．尿素包合和超临界CO2萃取相结合分离豆油脱臭馏出物中α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．2003，18(4)：76-79．
33．吴平东、任其龙、苏云、钱国平、杨亦文．脱臭馏出物的固体酸催化酯化反应工艺研究[J]．浙江大学学报(工学版)．2002，36(6)：
34．钱国平．酯化-离子交换法提取天然维生素E工艺研究[M]．浙江大学硕士学位论文．2001．
35．吴侯．大豆油脱臭馏出物中生育酚的提取及其抗氧化活性研究[M]．河南科技大学硕士学位论文．
36．杨亦文．高含量天然生育酚提取新工艺研究[M]．浙江大学博士学位论文．2004．1999．
37. de Jong Arienne, Plat Jogchum, Mensink Ronald P. Metabolic effects of plant sterols and stanols(Review)[J]. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2003, 14(7): 362-369.
38. Ling W h, Jones P J H. minireview dietary phytosterols: a review of metabolism, benefits and side effects[J]. Life Sciences Including Pharmacology Letters. 1995. 57(3): 195-206.
39．Jerzy Zawistowski，胡春，David D Kitts．植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇：来源、安全性以及在保健食品中的应用[J]．中国食品学报．2002，2(2)：48-55
40. Eduardo A. Moreira, Miguel A. Baltanas. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. JAOCS. 2004. 81(2): 161-166.
41. Ramamurthi S, McCurdy A R. Enzymatic pretreatment of deodorizer distillate for concentration of sterols and tocopherols[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1993, 70(3): 287-295.
42．谷文英，盛漪．不同溶剂对豆甾醇富集效果比较[J]．粮食与油脂．2002．8：9-11．
43．谷文英，盛漪．β-谷甾醇异构体的分离和初步鉴定[J]．无锡轻工大学学报．2002．21(6)：
44．陈宗杰，谢光，裘爱泳，高瑜莹．溶剂法富集豆甾醇的研究[J]．中国油脂．2000．25(6)：159-162．
45．裘爱泳、刘军海．酶催化合成植物甾醇酯和植物甾烷醇酯[J]．中国油脂．2003．28(6)：25-27．
46．鲁萍、王雅琼、许文林．脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇回收的技术经济分析[J]．化学工业与工程．2002．19(4)：335-339．
47．许文林、王雅琼、鲁萍．脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇的回收和精制[J]．过程工程学报．2002，2(2)：167-170．
48．邵平、姜绍通、戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．食品科学，2005(suppl)：78-81．
49．姜绍通，邵平，潘丽军．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中甾醇分离的甲酯化过程优化研究．农业工程学报，2006，22(2)：164-167．
50. Elena Ibanez, Andres M. Hurtado Benavides, Francisco J. Senorans, Guillermo Reglero. Concentration of sterols and tocopherols from olive oil with supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. JAOCS. 2002. 79(12): 1255-1260.
51. King J W, Dunford N T. Phytosterol-enriched triglyceride fractions from vegetable oil deodorizer distillates utilizing supercritical fluid fractionation technology[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2002, 37(2): 451-462.
52. Struve. US 4. 148, 810 (1979).
53. Moreira E. A, Baltanas M. A. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
54．杜琴，康逸，沈敏元，胡小泓．大豆油脱臭馏出物中提取植物甾醇的研究[J]．中国油脂．2003，28(12)：47-48．
55．盛漪，丁霄霖，陶冠军，王利平．植物甾醇分析和纯化[J]．中国油脂．2005．30(3)：39-41．
56．傅小峰．络合法提取植物甾醇的工艺研究及甾醇的溶解度测定[M]．浙江大学硕士学位论文．2004．
57. Weber, Nikolaus; Weitkamp, Petra; Mukherjee, Kumar D. Cholesterol-lowering food additives: lipase-catalysed preparation of phytosterol and phytostanol esters. Food Research International. 2002, 35(2-3): 177-181.
58. Weber, Nikolaus. Fatty acid steryl, stanyl and steroids esters by esterification and transesterification in vacuo using candida rugosa lipase as catalyst[J]. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2001, 149(1): 67-71.
59. Satoshi Negishi, Ichiro Hidaka, Isamu Takahashi, Shigeru Kunita. Transesterification of phytosterol and edible oil by lipase powder at high temperature[J]. JAOCS. 2003, 80(9): 905-907.
60. Yuji Shimada, Yoshinori Hirota, Takashi Baba, Akio Sugihara, et al. Enzymatic synthesis of steryl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids[J]. JAOCS. 1999, 76(6): 713-716.
61. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, Suenaga M, Nakai S, Kitano M, Sugihara Akio, Shimada Y. purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2003, 80(4): 341-346.
62. Nagao T, Hirota Y, Watanabe Y, Kobayashi T, Kishimoto N, Fujita T, Kitano M, Shimada Y. Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification of tocopherols [J]. lipids. 2004, 39(8): 789-794.
63. Wang h t, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Separation of α-tocopherol and squalene by pressure swing adsorption in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2004, 43(11): 2753-2758.
64. Bondioli P, Mariani C, Lanzani A, Fedeli E, Muller A. Squalene recovery from olive oil deodorizer distillates[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1993, 70(8): 763-766.
65．库特尼，赫灵顿，斯帕索夫．将植物甾醇发酵制备雄二烯二酮的方法．CN03804973．2
66. Soni M G, Kimura H, Burdock G A. Chronic study of diacylglycerol oil in rats[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2001, 39:317-329.
67 孟祥河，孙培龙，杨开等．填充床反应器中酶法连续合成甘油二酯的研究．生物工程学报，2005，21(3)：425-429
68. Lo, S.K.; Baharin, B.S.; Tan, C.P.; Lai, O.M. Diacylglycerols from palm oil deodoriser distillate. Part 1-Synthesis by lipase-catalysed esterification[J]. Food Science and Technology International. 2004, 10(3): 149-156.
69. Lo, S. K.; Baharin, B.S.; Tan, C.P.; Lai, O.M. Diacylglycerols from palm oil deodoriser distillate. Part 2-Physical and chemical characterization[J]. Food Science and Technology International. 2004, 10(3): 157-161.
70. Greenberg D B. A theoretical and experimental study of the centrifugal molecular still [J]. AICHEJ. 1972. 18(2): 26.
71．杨村，于宏齐，冯武文．分子蒸馏技术[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2003．
72. Langmuir J. Condensation and evaporation of gas molecular. Phys. Rev. 1916, 7: 302.
73. Erdweg K J. Molecular and short path distillation[J]. Chem Ind. 1983, 9: 342.
74．冯武文，杨村，于宏齐．分子蒸馏技术及其应用[J]．化工进展，1998，6：26-29．
75．于宏齐，杨村，冯武文．分子蒸馏技术与日用化工(Ⅰ)—分子蒸馏技术的原理及特点．日用化学工业．2002．32(5)：74-76．
76 郑弢、许松林．分子蒸馏提纯α-亚麻酸的研究[J]．化学工业与工程．2004，21(1)：25-28．
77．应安国、许松林、王淑华、向爱双．分子蒸馏技术提纯胡椒基丁醚的工艺研究[J]．化工进展．2005，24(1)：57-60．
78．向爱双、许松林、应安国．刮膜式分子蒸馏精制3-羟基丙腈[J]．中国科学B辑，2004，34(6)：504-508．
79．许松林、郑弢、徐世民．精制L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(2)：246-249．
80. Chen F, Cai T Y, Zhao G H, Liao X J, Guo L Y, Hu X S. Optimizing conditions for the purification of crude octacosanol extract from dee bran wax by molecular distillation analyzed using response surface methodology[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2005, 70(1): 47-53.
81．陈芳、廖小军、汪政富、蔡同一、胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：89-191．
82．姜绍通，潘丽军，郑志，胡维胜，罗水忠，李兴江．从发酵液中提取乳酸的新工艺．专利CN1603298．
83. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
84．王鹏、张忠义、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对连翘挥发油的提取分离．中国医院药学杂志．2002．22(4)：253-254．
85．张忠义、雷正杰、王鹏、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对大蒜化学成分的提取与分离[J]．分析测试学报．2002．21(1)：65-67．
86．张忠义、王鹏、雷正杰、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对白术挥发油的提取分离和GC-MS分析[J]．分析测试学报．2003．22(4)：61-64．
87．余春涛 王兴国 卢灿明．分子蒸馏精炼MCT工艺的研究[J]．中国油脂．2004．29(3)： 24-26．
88．胡孝勇、张心亚、沈慧芳、瞿金清、陈焕钦．采用分子蒸馏设备分离聚氨酯预聚物中游离TDI研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2005，19(2)：197-201．
89．柯炜昌，黄龙，李丹．小花茉莉净油的分子蒸馏分离-气相色谱-质谱分析[J]．中烟烟草化学学组年会暨学术研讨会论文集．广州．2004：198-204．
90. Batistella, C. B.; Maciei, M. R. Wolf. Recovery of Carotenoids from Palm Oil by Molecular Distillation[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 1998, 22 (supplement): 53-60.
91 Gupta P F, Ito V M, Batistella, C. B.; Maciel, M. R. W. Fractionation and characterization of waxes[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology. 2006, 24(1): 1-6.
92 Sbaite P, Batistella, C. B, Winter. A., Vasconcelos C. J. G., Wolf Maciel M. R.; Maciel Filho, R.; Gomes, A.; Medina, L.; Kunert, R. True boiling point extended curve of vacuum residue through molecular distillation[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2006, 24(3-4): 265-274.
93. Hickman K C D, Trevoy D J. Studies in high vacuum evaporation-the falling stream tensimeter. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44(8): 1882-1888.
94. Trevoy D J. Rate of evaporation of glycerol in high vacuum. Ind Eng Chem. 1953, 45(10): 2366-2369.
95. Kawala Z, Stephan K. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 1989, 12(6): 406-413.
96. Cammenga H K. Vapor pressure and evaporation. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1977.22:131.
97．余国琮，樊丽秋．降膜式分子蒸馏设备基本理论的探讨．化工学报，1979．1：17-30．
98. Ruckenstein E, Hassink W. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary liquid mixtures. Sep Sci Technol. 1983, 18(6): 523-545.
99. Batistella C. B, Maciel M. R. W. Modeling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering.1996,20(Suppl): 19-24.
100. Hoke B C, Chen J C. Mass transfer in evaporating falling liquid mixtures[J]. AICHE J. 1992, 38(5): 781-787.
101. Arijit Bose, Harvey J. Palmer. Influence of heat and mass transfer resistances on separation efficiency in molecular distillations[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1984, 23: 459-465.
102. Micov M, Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Balance equations for molecular distillation[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1997, 32(18): 3051-3066.
103. Lutisan J, Cvengros J, Micov M. Heat and mass transfer in the evaporating film of a molecular evaporator[J]. 2002. Chemical Engineering Journal, 85 (2-3): 225-234.
104. Cvengros, Jan; Lutisan, Juraj; Micov, Miroslav. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2000, 78(1): 61-67.
105．张旭斌、许春建、周明．降膜分子蒸馏过程模型研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(5)：558-563．
106. Nguyen A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped short path distillation[J]. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
107. Lutisan J, Cvengros J, Micov M. Heat and mass transfer in the evaporating film of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chem Eng J. 2002, 85: 225-234.
108. Cvengros J, Badin V, pollak S. Residence time distribution in a wiped liquid film[J]. Chem Eng J. 1995, 59: 259-263.
109. Cvengros, Jan; Pollak, Stefan; Micov, Miroslav; Lutisan, Juraj. Film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2001, 81(1-3): 9-14.
110. Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow structure and mixing mechanism in an agitated thin film evaporator[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Japan. 1998, 21(6): 639-644.
111. Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow and mixing characteristics in an agitated thin film evaporator with vertically aligned blades. J. Chem.Eng.Japan, 1989, 22(4): 346-351.
112．向爱双、许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑．2005，．35(1)：11-16．
113．李国兵、许春建、周明．DBP-DBS刮膜分子蒸馏过程数值模拟[J]．天津大学学报．2004，37(3)：196-202．
114．贺小华、唐平、李佳、陆小华．薄膜蒸发器内流体动特性的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报．2005．5(4)：357-363．
115. Ferron J R. Evaporation and condensation of mixtures under rarefied conditions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1986, 25(4): 594-602.
116. Bhandarkar M, Ferron J R. Transport processes in thin liquid films during high vacuum distillation[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 1988.27(6): 1016-1024.
117. Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Mean free path of molecules on molecular distillation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal and Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2) : 39-50.
118 Bastistella, C. B.; Maciel, M. R. W.; Maciel Filho, R. Rigorous modeling and simulation of molecular distillators: development of a simulator under conditions of non ideality of the vapor phase[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 2000, 24 (2-7): 1309-1315
119. Lutisan J, cvengros J. Effect of inert gas pressure on the molecular distillation process. Separation and Science Technology. 1995, 30(17): 3375-3389.
120．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
121. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
1 Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
2 E. Ruckenstein, W. Hassink, S. V. Ganrisankar. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary mixtures[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1983, (18)523-545.
3 Nguyen, A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped film short-path distillation [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
4 C. B. Batistella, E. B. Moraes, R. Maciel Filho, M. R. Wolf Maciel. Molecular distillation process for recovering biodiesel and carotenoids from palm oil[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2002, 98-100:1149-1159.
5 Jan Cvengros, Miroslav Micov, Juraj Lutisan. Modelling of fractionation in a molecular evaporator with divided condenser[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2000, 39: 191-199.
6 Jan Cvengros, Juraj Lutisan, Miroslav Micov. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78: 61-67.
7 向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
8 李国兵，许春建，周明．刮膜分子蒸馏传质和传热的数学模型[J]．天津大学学报，2003，36(3)：261-266．
9 Cvengros J, Pollak S, Micov M, Lutisan J. film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. 2001, 81: 9-14.
10 贺小华，唐平，李佳，陆小华．薄膜蒸发器内流体流动特性的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报，2005，5(4)：357-363．
11 Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow structure and mixing mechanism in an agitated thin film evaporator[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 2004, 21(6): 639-644.
12 黄卫星，陈文梅．工程流体力学[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2002．
13 Arijit Bose, Harvey J. Palmer. Influence of heat and mass transfer resistances on separation efficiency in molecular distillations [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1984, 23: 459-465.
14．李国兵．刮膜分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2002．
15. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
16. Dehghan M. Fully implicit finite differences methods for two dimensional diffusion with a non local boundary condition [J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 1999, 106(2)：255-269．
17 刘春风．应用数值分析[M]．冶金工业出版社，2005．北京．
18 张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
19 黄华江．实用化工计算机模拟—MATLAB在化学工程中的应用[M]．化学工业出版社，2004，北京．
20. Yaws C L. Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1999.
21. Shieh W K, Tsao Y. Impulse response of a monoethylamine-fed fluidized bed reactor [J]. Water Research. 2003, 37(10): 2331-2338.
22 张元兴，许学书．生物反应器工程[M]．华东理工大学出版社，上海，2001：93-97．
23. Skoczylas A, Urbanski A. Residence time of liquid in a thin layer evaporator equipped with a spiral element [J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal and The Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2): 51-58.
1. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
2. Nguyen, A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped film short-path distillation [J]. Chemical Engineering science, 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
3. E. Ruckenstein, W. Hassink, S. V. Ganrisankar. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary mixtures[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1983, (18)523-545.
4. M. Bhandarkar, J. R. Ferron. Transport processes in thin liquid films during high-vacuum distillation[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 1988, 27: 1016-1024.
5. Z. Kawala, K. Stephan. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chem. Eng. Technol, 1989, 12:406-413.
6. Jan Cvengros, Miroslav Micov, Juraj Lutisan. Modelling of fractionation in a molecular evaporator with divided condenser [J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2000, 39: 191-199.
7. Jan Cvengros, Juraj Lutisan, Miroslav Micov. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78: 61-67.
8．李国兵，许春建，周明．刮膜分子蒸馏传质和传热的数学模型[J]．天津大学学报，2003，36(3)：261-266．
9．向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
10．张旭斌，许春建，周明．真空下同轴圆筒间分子蒸馏过程的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报，2005，5(1)：97-102．
11．任艳奎，许松林，栾礼侠．应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯玫瑰精油[J]．应用化工，2005，34(8)：509-512．
12．许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精制L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
13．陈芳，廖小军，汪政富，蔡同一，胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：189-191．
14．胡孝勇，张心亚，沈慧芳，瞿金清，陈焕钦．采用分子蒸馏设备分离聚氨酯预聚物中游离TDI研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2005，19(2)：197-201．
15. Yaws C L. Chemical Properties Handbook[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1999.
16．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
17. Kawala Z. A dibutyl phthalate-dibutyl sebacate mixture as a system for testing molecular distillation column [J]. International Chemical Engineering, 1974, 14(30): 536-543.
18. Reid R C, Prausnitz J M, Sherwood T K. The properties of gases and liquids [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1977.
19．黄卫星，陈文梅．工程流体力学[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2002．
20. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator[J]. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
21. Hoke B C, Chen J C. Mass transfer in evaporating falling liquid mixtures[J]. AICHE J. 1992, 38(5): 781-787.
22. Ruckenstein E, Hassink W. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary liquid mixtures[J]. Sep Sci Technol. 1983, 18(6): 523-545.
23．刘春凤．应用数值分析[M]．冶金工业出版社，2005．北京．
24．黄华江．实用化工计算机模拟—MATLAB在化学工程中的应用[M]．化学工业出版社，2004，北京．
25. Ferron J R. Evaporation and condensation of mixtures under rarefied conditions[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1986, 25(4): 594-602.
1. Lin Kuo-Min. Separation of tocopherol and sterols from soy deodorizer distillate[D]. 2002, Ph. D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University.
2. Verleyen T, Sosinska U, Ioannidou S, et al. Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols[J]. JAOCS, 2002, 79(10): 947-953.
3. Fang T, Goto M, Wang X B, et al. Separation of natural tcopherols from soybean oil byproduct with supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. The Journal of supercritical Fluids. 2006, in Press.
4. Verleyen T, Sosinska U, Ioannidou S, et al. Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols[J]. Journal of the American oil chemists' Society. 2002, 79(10): 947-953.
5．丁霄霖，刘青松．对脱臭馏出物中脂肪酸甲酯化的研究[J]．中国油脂．2003，28(12)：44-46．
6．邵平，姜绍通，戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．2004．食品科学，25(Suppl)：78-81．
7．鲁志成，谷克仁，冶保献，李俊峰．浓硫酸催化脱臭馏出物脂肪酸甲酯化工艺研究[J]．粮食与油脂．2005，3：21-23．
8. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, et al. Purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American oil chemists' Society. 2003, 80(4): 341-346.
9. Nagao T, Hirota Y, Watanabe Y, et al. Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification[J]. Lipids. 2004, 39(8): 789-794.
10. Greenwood A G, Rees L P, Siochi F C. An investigation of the behavior of simulation response surfaces[J]. European Journal of Operational Research. 1998, 110(2): 282-313.
11．鞠庆华，曾昌凤，郭卫军等．酯交换法制备生物柴油的研究进展[J]．化工进展，2004，23(10)，1053-1057．
12. Meher L C, Vidya S D, Naik S N. Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification-A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2006, 10(3): 248-268.
13．赵宗保，华艳艳，刘波．中国如何突破生物柴油产业的原料瓶颈[J]．中国生物工程杂志．2005，25(11)：1-6．
14. Paixao J A, Campos J M. Determination of fat soluble vitamin by reversed phase HPLC coupled with UV: A guide to the explanation of intrinsic variability[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 2003, 26(4): 641-663.
15．周青．分光光度法测定植物油精炼副产物中的V_E[J]．食品科技．2003，12：76-79．
16．匡海学．中药化学[M]．中国中医药出版社．北京，2003．
17．许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精致L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
18. Bender M. Economic feasibility review for community-scale farmer cooperatives for biodiesel [J]. Bioresource Technology. 1999, 70(1): 81-87.
19. Wang W G, Lyons D W, Clark N N, et al. Emissions from nine heavy trucks fueled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modification[J]. Environmental Science and Technology 2000, 34(6): 933-939.
20. Mustafa Canakci. Combustion characteristic of a turbocharged DI compression ignition engine fueled with petroleum diesel fuels and biodiesel[J]. Bioresource Technology. 2007, 98(4): 1167-1175．
21．周泉城．菜籽脱臭馏出物中维生素E的提取及功能研究[D]．华中农业大学博士学位论文，2004．
22．邵平，姜绍通，戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．食品科学(sup)．2004(5)：78-81．
23．许文林，黄一波，沙鸥等．回流操作条件下植物甾醇与过量乙酸酯化反应动力学[J]．高校化学工程学报．2005，19(3)：379-383．
24. Yang Y W, Fu X F, Wei Z J, et al. Extraction of phytosterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillates by adduct formation with calcium chloride[J]. Journal of chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities. 2006, 20(4): 571-575.
25．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
26. Sato Kiyotaka. Crystallization behaviour of fats and lipids-a review[J]. Chemical Engineering Science. 2001, 56(7): 2255-2266.
27. Eduardo A M, Miguel A B. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. JAOCS. 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
28．许文林，王雅琼，黄一波．重结晶法精制植物甾醇的溶剂选择[J]．扬州大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，2：58-62．
29．黄一波．植物甾醇结晶分离精制过程及酯化反应过程研究[D]．扬州大学硕士学位毕业论文．2004．
30. Antonopoulou S, Andrikopoulos N K, Demopoulos C A. Separation of the main neutral lipids into classes and species by PR-HPLC and UV detection[J]. Journal of liquid Chromatography, 17(3): 633-648.
31. James L J, Marvin F G, Alice O J. Determination of stigmasterol in soybean sterol mixtures by infrared method[J]. Analytical Chemistry. 1957, 29(4): 468-470.
32. Wretensjo Inger, Karlberg Bo. Characterization of sterols in refined borage oil by GC-MS[J]. JAOCS. 2002, 79(11): 1069-1074.
33. Batistella C B, Maciel M R W. Modelling, simulation and analysis of molecular distiilators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(suppl): 19-24.
34. Chen F, Wang Z F, Zhao G H, et al. Purification process of octacosanol extracts from rice bran wax by molecular distillation[J]. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007, 79(1): 63-68.
35 宁永成．有机化合物结构鉴定与有机波谱学(第二版)[M]．北京科学出版社，2000：266-317．
36 Lin CY, Lin A N. Diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process[J]. Fuel. 2006, 85(3): 298-305.
37．袁银南，江清阳，孙平等．柴油机燃用生物柴油的排放特性研究[J]．内燃机学报，2003，21 (6): 423-427.
38. Jeong G T, Oh Y T, Park D H. Emission profiles of rapeseed methyl ester and its blend in diesel engine[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2006,129 (1-3): 165-178.
1 Wang H T, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Separation of α-tocopherol and squalene by pressure swing adsorption in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004, 43(11): 2753-2758.
2．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究[J]．农业工程学报，2002，18(2)：106-109．
3 Combs G E Jr. The vitamins: Fundamental aspects in nutritional and health. 2nd Edition, California, U. S. A: Academic Press, 1998.
4．陈锦清，吴关庭．发展菜籽油制备生物柴油产业的一种有效对策[J]．中国生物工程杂志，2006，26(6)：93-98．
5．赵宗保，华艳艳，刘波．中国如何突破生物柴油产业的原料瓶颈[J]．中国生物工程杂志．2005，25(11)：1-6．
6 Ramamurthi, S., McCurdy, A. R. Enzymatic pretreatment of deodorizer distillate for concentration of sterols and tocopherols[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society, 1993, 70(3): 287-295.
7 Buczenko GM, de Oliveira Js, Von Meien Of. Extraction oftocopherols from the deodorized distillate of soybean oil with liquefied petroleum gas[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2003, 105(11): 668-671.
8 刘云、丁霄霖、朱丹华．超临界CO2双柱逆流萃馏浓缩天然维生素E的最佳工艺研究[J]．中国食品添加剂．2005，4：26-31．
9．周泉城、吴谋成．菜籽脱臭馏出物中天然维生素E的超临界流体萃取[J]．中国粮油学报．2004，19(1)：61-63．
10．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．连续进料超临界二氧化碳萃取和浓缩α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．18(2)：67-70．
11. Paixao J A, Campos J M. Determination of fat soluble vitamin by reversed phase HPLC coupled with UV: A guide to the explanation of intrinsic variability[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 2003, 26(4): 641-663.
12．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
13．姜绍通．邵平，潘丽军．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中甾醇分离的甲酯化过程优化研究．农业工程学报，2006，22(2)：164-167．
14. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
15 De Maraes E B, Martins P F, Batistella C B, et al. Molecular distillation: A powerful technology for obtaining tocopherols from soya sludge[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2006, 132(1-3): 1066-1076.
16 张兴宇．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中V_E琥珀酸酯的合成研究[D]．合肥工业大学学士学位毕业论文．2004．
17. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, Suenaga M, Nakai S, Kitano M, Sugihara Akio, Shimada Y. purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2003, 80 (4): 341-346.
18. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation[M]. Oxford University Press, 1960:3-10.
19．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
20. Batistella C B, Maciel M R W. Modelling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(suppl): 19-24.
21. Chen F, Wang Z F, Zhao G H, et al. Purification process of octacosanol extracts from rice bran wax by molecular distillation[J]. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007, 79(1): 63-68.
22. Micov M, Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Balanced equations for molecular distillation[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1997, 32(18): 3051-3066.
23．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
24. Cvengros, Jan; Pollak, Stefan; Micov, Miroslav; Lutisan, Juraj. Film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2001, 81(1-3): 9-14.
1．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究．农业工程学报，2002，18(2)：106-109．
2. Eduardo A M, Miguel A B. Recovery of phytosterol from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
3. Francesco G. Vitamin C, vitamin E and immune response. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2005, 16: 257.
4. Malgorzata N K, Jozef K, MaAAgorzata D, Eleonora L S. Changes in antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of rosemary extract and tocopherols in isolated rapeseed oil triacylglycerols during accelerated tests. Food Chemistry, 2005, 93(2): 227-235.
5. Robert L. Enzyme catalyzed esterification. Biotechnology Advances, 1997, 15(1): 1-15.
6. Ma F R, Hanna M A. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technology, 1999, 70(1): 1-15.
7. Wu X Y, Sanna J, Linko Y Y. An investigation of crude lipases for hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1996, 19(3): 226-231.
8. Al-Zuhair S, Ramachandran K B, Hasan M. High enzyme concentration model for the kinetics of hydrolysis of oils by lipase. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2004, 103: 7-11.
9. Kamini N R, Iefuji H. Lipase catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oils in aqueous medium by Cryptococcus spp. S-2. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 37(4): 405-410.
10. Watanabe Y, Nagao T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Shimada Y. Purification of tocopherols and phytosterols by a two-step enzymatic reaction. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2004, 81(4): 339-345.
11. Shimada Y, Nakai S, Suenaga M, Sugihara A, Kitano M, Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
12. Nagesha G K, Manohar B, Sankar K U. Enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids of hydrolyzed soy deodorizer distillate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of supercritical Fluids, 2004, 32: 137-145.
13. Tenkanen M, Kontkanen H, Isoniemi R. Hydrolysis of steryl esters by a lipase (lip3) from Candida rugosa. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 2002, 60: 120-127.
14．李建武，陈丽蓉，余瑞元，陈来同，袁明秀，陈雅蕙．生物化学实验原理和方法．北京大学出版社，2004：311-312．
15 许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精致L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
16. Azlan Hussain Mohamed. Review of the applications of neural networks in chemical process control—simulation and online implementation[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 1999, 13(1): 55-68.
17．董长虹．Matlab神经网络与应用[M]．国防工业出版社．2005：66-71．
18. Attoh-Okine Nii O. Analysis of learning rate and momentum term in backpropagation neural network algorithm trained to predict pavement performance[J]. Advances in Engineering Software. 1999, 30(4): 291-302.
19. Rooney D, Weatherley L R. The effect of reaction conditions upon lipase catalysed hydrolysis of high oleate sunflower oil in a stirred liquid-liquid reactor[J]. Process Biochemistry. 2001, 36(10): 947-953.
20 Chamorro S, Alcantara A R, Rosa M C, Sinisterra J V. Small water amounts increase the catalytic behavior of polar organic solvents pre-treated Candida rugosa lipase. Journal of molecular catalysis B, 2001, 11: 939-947.
21 Ma L, Persson M, Adlercreutz P. Water activity dependence of lipase catalysis in organic media explains successful transesterification reactions. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002, 31(7): 1024-1029.
22. Chowdary G V, Prapulla S G. The influence of water activity on the lipase catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate by transesterification. Process Biochemistry, 2002, 38(3): 393-397.
23．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
24．邵平，姜绍通，赵妍嫣，罗水忠．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中生物柴油的分子蒸馏分离工艺研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，12：171-174．
1. Shimada Y., Nakai S., Suenaga M., Sugihara A., Kitano M., Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase [J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society, 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
2. Malgorzata N K, Jozef K, MaAAgorzata D, Eleonora L S. Changes in antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of rosemary extract and tocopherols in isolated rapeseed oil triaeylglycerols during accelerated tests. Food Chemistry, 2005, 93(2): 227-235.
3. Michael J. Hass. Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soapstock[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 86: 1087-1096.
4. Gerpen J V. Biodiesel processing and production[J]. Fuel Processing Technology. 2005, 86(10): 1097-1107.
5．刘风云．新型水溶性醇酸树脂涂料的研究[D]．北京化工大学硕士学位论文，2003．
6. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
7．陈芳、廖小军、汪政富、蔡同一、胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：89-191．
8. Cvengros, Jan; Lutisan, Juraj; Micov, Miroslav. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2000, 78(1): 61-67.
9. Batistella C. B, Maciel M. R. W. Modeling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillatory: centrifugal and failing film [J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(Suppl): 19-24.
10. Kawala Z, Stephan K. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 1989, 12(6): 406-413.
11．向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
12．张旭斌、许春建、周明．降膜分子蒸馏过程模型研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(5)：558-563．
13．邵平，姜绍通，赵妍嫣，罗水忠．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中生物柴油的分子蒸馏分离工艺研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005．21(12)：171-174．
14 田立楠．物性手册查用基础[M]．湖北科学技术出版社．1985．147-162．
15 Burrows. G. Molecular distillation[M]. Oxford University Press, 1960:24-30.
16 Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Mean free path of molecules on molecular distillation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal and Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2): 39-50.
17．孙兆林．Matlab 6.x图像处理[M]．清华大学出版社．北京，2002．
18．王兴晶，施波等．Visual Basic 6.0开发与实例[M]．电子工业出版社．北京，1999．
19．Microsoft．微软在线帮助知识库，http://www.microsofts.com.2005年5月．
20．Mathworks．MATLAB在线帮助。http://www.mathworks.com/2006年5月．
2. Durant A.A, Dumont M.J, Narine S.S. In situ silylation for the multicomponent analysis of canola oil by-products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 559(2): 227-233.
3. Rosenberg H.R. Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. Washington D.C: American Chemistry Society, 1949.
4. Combs G F. Jr. The vitamins: Fundamental aspects in nutritional and health. 2nd Edition, Califomia, U.S.A: Academic Press, 1998.
5．樊明涛、吴守一、马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究[J]．农业工程学报．2002，18(2)：106-109．
6. Aurelia Maza. U.S. Pat. No.5078920. Process for separating mixted fatty acids from deodorizer distillate using urea.
7. Brunner G, Malchow TH, Sturken K. Separation of tocopherols from deodorizer condensates by countercurrent extraction with carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 1991, 4: 72-80.
8. Uno K, Skibuta Y, Kataoka Y. Japanese Patent application S 60-149 582, 18.
9. Fang T, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Phase equilibria for the ternary system methyl oleate + tocopherol+supercritical CO2[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 2005, 50(2): 390-397.
10．刘云、丁霄霖、朱丹华．超临界CO2双柱逆流萃馏浓缩天然维生素E的最佳工艺研究[J]．中国食品添加剂．2005，4：26-31．
11．周泉城、盛桂华、吴谋成．超临界二氧化碳提取物中生育酚的LC／APCI-MS2测定[J]．农业工程学报，2004，20(6)：212-215．
12．周泉城、吴谋成．菜籽脱臭馏出物中天然维生素E的超临界流体萃取[J]．中国粮油学报．2004，19(1)：61-63．
13．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．连续进料超临界二氧化碳萃取和浓缩α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．18(2)：67-70．
14. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
15. Ramamurthi S, Bhirud P R, McCurdy A R. Enzymatic methylation of canola oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1991, 68(12): 970-975.
16. Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya D.K. Isolation of tocopherol and sterol concentrate from sunflower oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1996, 73(10): 1271-1274.
17. Watanabe Y, Nagao T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Shimada Y. purification of tocopherols and phytosterols by a two-step in situ enzymatic reaction[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2004, 81(4): 339-345.
18. Martins P F, Batistella C B, Maciel-Filho R, et al. Comparison of two different strategies for tocopherols enrichment using a molecular distillation process[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2006, 45(2): 753-758.
19. Martins P F, Ito V M, Batistella C B, et al. Free fatty acid separation from vegetable oil deodorizer distillate using molecular distillation process [J]. Separation and Purification Technology. 2006, 48(1): 78-84.
20. Nagao T, Kobayashi T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Kishimoto N, Fujita T, Watanabe Yomi, Shimada Yuji. Improvement of a process for purification of tocopherols and sterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 37(I-6): 56-62.
21. Shimada Y, Nakai S, Suenaga M, Sugihara A, Kitano M, Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
22. Mendes M.F, Pessoa F.L.P, Uller A.M.C. optimization of the process of concentration of vitamin e from DDSO using supercritical CO2[J]. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2005, 22(1): 83-91.
23. Mendes M. F, Pessoa F.L.P, Coelho G.V, Uller A.M.C. Recovery of the high aggregated compounds present in the deodorizer distillate of the vegetable oils using supercritical fluids[J]. Journal of Supercritical fluids. 2005, 34(2): 157-162.
24. Mendes M.F, Uller A.M.C, Pessoa F.L.P. Simulation and thermodynamic modeling of the extraction of tocopherol from a synthetic mixture of tocopherol, squalene and CO_2[J]. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2000, 17(4): 761-769.
25. Mendes, M. F.; Pessoa, F. L.P.; Uller, A.M.C. An economic evaluation based on an experimental study of the vitamin E concentration present in deodorizer distillate of soybean oil using supercritical CO2[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 2002, 23(3): 257-265.
26. B.S.Chu, S.Y.Quek, B.S.Baharin. optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis for concentration of vitamin E in palm fatty acid distillate[J]. Food Chemistry. 2003, 80: 295-302.
27. B.S.Chu, B.S.Baharin, S.Y.Quek, Factors affecting pre-concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate by tipase-catalyzed hydrolysis[J]. Food Chemistry.2002, 79: 55-59.
28. Nagesha G.K, Manohar B, Udaya Sankar K. Enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids of hydrolyzed soy deodorizer distillate in supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Supercritical fluids. 2004, 32(1-3): 137-145.
29. Ibanez E, Palacios J, Senorans F.J, Santa-Maria, Tabera J, Reglero G. Isolation and separation of tocopherols from olive by-products with supercritical fluids[J]. JAOCS. 2000, 77(2): 187-190.
30. King J W, Favati F, Taylor S L. Production of tocopherol concentrates by supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1996. 31: 1843-1857.
31. Moraes E.B, Batistella C.B, Torres AIvarez M.E, Maciel Filho Rubens, Wolf Maciel M.R. Evaluation of tocopherol recovery through simulation of molecular distillation process[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology-Part A Enzyme Engineering and Biotechnology. 2004, 113-116: 689-711.
32．辛志宏、马海乐、吴守一、李国文、樊明涛．尿素包合和超临界CO2萃取相结合分离豆油脱臭馏出物中α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．2003，18(4)：76-79．
33．吴平东、任其龙、苏云、钱国平、杨亦文．脱臭馏出物的固体酸催化酯化反应工艺研究[J]．浙江大学学报(工学版)．2002，36(6)：
34．钱国平．酯化-离子交换法提取天然维生素E工艺研究[M]．浙江大学硕士学位论文．2001．
35．吴侯．大豆油脱臭馏出物中生育酚的提取及其抗氧化活性研究[M]．河南科技大学硕士学位论文．
36．杨亦文．高含量天然生育酚提取新工艺研究[M]．浙江大学博士学位论文．2004．1999．
37. de Jong Arienne, Plat Jogchum, Mensink Ronald P. Metabolic effects of plant sterols and stanols(Review)[J]. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2003, 14(7): 362-369.
38. Ling W h, Jones P J H. minireview dietary phytosterols: a review of metabolism, benefits and side effects[J]. Life Sciences Including Pharmacology Letters. 1995. 57(3): 195-206.
39．Jerzy Zawistowski，胡春，David D Kitts．植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇：来源、安全性以及在保健食品中的应用[J]．中国食品学报．2002，2(2)：48-55
40. Eduardo A. Moreira, Miguel A. Baltanas. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. JAOCS. 2004. 81(2): 161-166.
41. Ramamurthi S, McCurdy A R. Enzymatic pretreatment of deodorizer distillate for concentration of sterols and tocopherols[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1993, 70(3): 287-295.
42．谷文英，盛漪．不同溶剂对豆甾醇富集效果比较[J]．粮食与油脂．2002．8：9-11．
43．谷文英，盛漪．β-谷甾醇异构体的分离和初步鉴定[J]．无锡轻工大学学报．2002．21(6)：
44．陈宗杰，谢光，裘爱泳，高瑜莹．溶剂法富集豆甾醇的研究[J]．中国油脂．2000．25(6)：159-162．
45．裘爱泳、刘军海．酶催化合成植物甾醇酯和植物甾烷醇酯[J]．中国油脂．2003．28(6)：25-27．
46．鲁萍、王雅琼、许文林．脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇回收的技术经济分析[J]．化学工业与工程．2002．19(4)：335-339．
47．许文林、王雅琼、鲁萍．脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇的回收和精制[J]．过程工程学报．2002，2(2)：167-170．
48．邵平、姜绍通、戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．食品科学，2005(suppl)：78-81．
49．姜绍通，邵平，潘丽军．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中甾醇分离的甲酯化过程优化研究．农业工程学报，2006，22(2)：164-167．
50. Elena Ibanez, Andres M. Hurtado Benavides, Francisco J. Senorans, Guillermo Reglero. Concentration of sterols and tocopherols from olive oil with supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. JAOCS. 2002. 79(12): 1255-1260.
51. King J W, Dunford N T. Phytosterol-enriched triglyceride fractions from vegetable oil deodorizer distillates utilizing supercritical fluid fractionation technology[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2002, 37(2): 451-462.
52. Struve. US 4. 148, 810 (1979).
53. Moreira E. A, Baltanas M. A. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
54．杜琴，康逸，沈敏元，胡小泓．大豆油脱臭馏出物中提取植物甾醇的研究[J]．中国油脂．2003，28(12)：47-48．
55．盛漪，丁霄霖，陶冠军，王利平．植物甾醇分析和纯化[J]．中国油脂．2005．30(3)：39-41．
56．傅小峰．络合法提取植物甾醇的工艺研究及甾醇的溶解度测定[M]．浙江大学硕士学位论文．2004．
57. Weber, Nikolaus; Weitkamp, Petra; Mukherjee, Kumar D. Cholesterol-lowering food additives: lipase-catalysed preparation of phytosterol and phytostanol esters. Food Research International. 2002, 35(2-3): 177-181.
58. Weber, Nikolaus. Fatty acid steryl, stanyl and steroids esters by esterification and transesterification in vacuo using candida rugosa lipase as catalyst[J]. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2001, 149(1): 67-71.
59. Satoshi Negishi, Ichiro Hidaka, Isamu Takahashi, Shigeru Kunita. Transesterification of phytosterol and edible oil by lipase powder at high temperature[J]. JAOCS. 2003, 80(9): 905-907.
60. Yuji Shimada, Yoshinori Hirota, Takashi Baba, Akio Sugihara, et al. Enzymatic synthesis of steryl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids[J]. JAOCS. 1999, 76(6): 713-716.
61. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, Suenaga M, Nakai S, Kitano M, Sugihara Akio, Shimada Y. purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2003, 80(4): 341-346.
62. Nagao T, Hirota Y, Watanabe Y, Kobayashi T, Kishimoto N, Fujita T, Kitano M, Shimada Y. Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification of tocopherols [J]. lipids. 2004, 39(8): 789-794.
63. Wang h t, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Separation of α-tocopherol and squalene by pressure swing adsorption in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2004, 43(11): 2753-2758.
64. Bondioli P, Mariani C, Lanzani A, Fedeli E, Muller A. Squalene recovery from olive oil deodorizer distillates[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1993, 70(8): 763-766.
65．库特尼，赫灵顿，斯帕索夫．将植物甾醇发酵制备雄二烯二酮的方法．CN03804973．2
66. Soni M G, Kimura H, Burdock G A. Chronic study of diacylglycerol oil in rats[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2001, 39:317-329.
67 孟祥河，孙培龙，杨开等．填充床反应器中酶法连续合成甘油二酯的研究．生物工程学报，2005，21(3)：425-429
68. Lo, S.K.; Baharin, B.S.; Tan, C.P.; Lai, O.M. Diacylglycerols from palm oil deodoriser distillate. Part 1-Synthesis by lipase-catalysed esterification[J]. Food Science and Technology International. 2004, 10(3): 149-156.
69. Lo, S. K.; Baharin, B.S.; Tan, C.P.; Lai, O.M. Diacylglycerols from palm oil deodoriser distillate. Part 2-Physical and chemical characterization[J]. Food Science and Technology International. 2004, 10(3): 157-161.
70. Greenberg D B. A theoretical and experimental study of the centrifugal molecular still [J]. AICHEJ. 1972. 18(2): 26.
71．杨村，于宏齐，冯武文．分子蒸馏技术[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2003．
72. Langmuir J. Condensation and evaporation of gas molecular. Phys. Rev. 1916, 7: 302.
73. Erdweg K J. Molecular and short path distillation[J]. Chem Ind. 1983, 9: 342.
74．冯武文，杨村，于宏齐．分子蒸馏技术及其应用[J]．化工进展，1998，6：26-29．
75．于宏齐，杨村，冯武文．分子蒸馏技术与日用化工(Ⅰ)—分子蒸馏技术的原理及特点．日用化学工业．2002．32(5)：74-76．
76 郑弢、许松林．分子蒸馏提纯α-亚麻酸的研究[J]．化学工业与工程．2004，21(1)：25-28．
77．应安国、许松林、王淑华、向爱双．分子蒸馏技术提纯胡椒基丁醚的工艺研究[J]．化工进展．2005，24(1)：57-60．
78．向爱双、许松林、应安国．刮膜式分子蒸馏精制3-羟基丙腈[J]．中国科学B辑，2004，34(6)：504-508．
79．许松林、郑弢、徐世民．精制L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(2)：246-249．
80. Chen F, Cai T Y, Zhao G H, Liao X J, Guo L Y, Hu X S. Optimizing conditions for the purification of crude octacosanol extract from dee bran wax by molecular distillation analyzed using response surface methodology[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2005, 70(1): 47-53.
81．陈芳、廖小军、汪政富、蔡同一、胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：89-191．
82．姜绍通，潘丽军，郑志，胡维胜，罗水忠，李兴江．从发酵液中提取乳酸的新工艺．专利CN1603298．
83. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
84．王鹏、张忠义、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对连翘挥发油的提取分离．中国医院药学杂志．2002．22(4)：253-254．
85．张忠义、雷正杰、王鹏、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对大蒜化学成分的提取与分离[J]．分析测试学报．2002．21(1)：65-67．
86．张忠义、王鹏、雷正杰、吴惠勤．超临界CO2萃取-分子蒸馏对白术挥发油的提取分离和GC-MS分析[J]．分析测试学报．2003．22(4)：61-64．
87．余春涛 王兴国 卢灿明．分子蒸馏精炼MCT工艺的研究[J]．中国油脂．2004．29(3)： 24-26．
88．胡孝勇、张心亚、沈慧芳、瞿金清、陈焕钦．采用分子蒸馏设备分离聚氨酯预聚物中游离TDI研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2005，19(2)：197-201．
89．柯炜昌，黄龙，李丹．小花茉莉净油的分子蒸馏分离-气相色谱-质谱分析[J]．中烟烟草化学学组年会暨学术研讨会论文集．广州．2004：198-204．
90. Batistella, C. B.; Maciei, M. R. Wolf. Recovery of Carotenoids from Palm Oil by Molecular Distillation[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 1998, 22 (supplement): 53-60.
91 Gupta P F, Ito V M, Batistella, C. B.; Maciel, M. R. W. Fractionation and characterization of waxes[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology. 2006, 24(1): 1-6.
92 Sbaite P, Batistella, C. B, Winter. A., Vasconcelos C. J. G., Wolf Maciel M. R.; Maciel Filho, R.; Gomes, A.; Medina, L.; Kunert, R. True boiling point extended curve of vacuum residue through molecular distillation[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2006, 24(3-4): 265-274.
93. Hickman K C D, Trevoy D J. Studies in high vacuum evaporation-the falling stream tensimeter. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44(8): 1882-1888.
94. Trevoy D J. Rate of evaporation of glycerol in high vacuum. Ind Eng Chem. 1953, 45(10): 2366-2369.
95. Kawala Z, Stephan K. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 1989, 12(6): 406-413.
96. Cammenga H K. Vapor pressure and evaporation. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1977.22:131.
97．余国琮，樊丽秋．降膜式分子蒸馏设备基本理论的探讨．化工学报，1979．1：17-30．
98. Ruckenstein E, Hassink W. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary liquid mixtures. Sep Sci Technol. 1983, 18(6): 523-545.
99. Batistella C. B, Maciel M. R. W. Modeling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering.1996,20(Suppl): 19-24.
100. Hoke B C, Chen J C. Mass transfer in evaporating falling liquid mixtures[J]. AICHE J. 1992, 38(5): 781-787.
101. Arijit Bose, Harvey J. Palmer. Influence of heat and mass transfer resistances on separation efficiency in molecular distillations[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1984, 23: 459-465.
102. Micov M, Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Balance equations for molecular distillation[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1997, 32(18): 3051-3066.
103. Lutisan J, Cvengros J, Micov M. Heat and mass transfer in the evaporating film of a molecular evaporator[J]. 2002. Chemical Engineering Journal, 85 (2-3): 225-234.
104. Cvengros, Jan; Lutisan, Juraj; Micov, Miroslav. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2000, 78(1): 61-67.
105．张旭斌、许春建、周明．降膜分子蒸馏过程模型研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(5)：558-563．
106. Nguyen A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped short path distillation[J]. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
107. Lutisan J, Cvengros J, Micov M. Heat and mass transfer in the evaporating film of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chem Eng J. 2002, 85: 225-234.
108. Cvengros J, Badin V, pollak S. Residence time distribution in a wiped liquid film[J]. Chem Eng J. 1995, 59: 259-263.
109. Cvengros, Jan; Pollak, Stefan; Micov, Miroslav; Lutisan, Juraj. Film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2001, 81(1-3): 9-14.
110. Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow structure and mixing mechanism in an agitated thin film evaporator[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Japan. 1998, 21(6): 639-644.
111. Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow and mixing characteristics in an agitated thin film evaporator with vertically aligned blades. J. Chem.Eng.Japan, 1989, 22(4): 346-351.
112．向爱双、许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑．2005，．35(1)：11-16．
113．李国兵、许春建、周明．DBP-DBS刮膜分子蒸馏过程数值模拟[J]．天津大学学报．2004，37(3)：196-202．
114．贺小华、唐平、李佳、陆小华．薄膜蒸发器内流体动特性的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报．2005．5(4)：357-363．
115. Ferron J R. Evaporation and condensation of mixtures under rarefied conditions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1986, 25(4): 594-602.
116. Bhandarkar M, Ferron J R. Transport processes in thin liquid films during high vacuum distillation[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 1988.27(6): 1016-1024.
117. Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Mean free path of molecules on molecular distillation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal and Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2) : 39-50.
118 Bastistella, C. B.; Maciel, M. R. W.; Maciel Filho, R. Rigorous modeling and simulation of molecular distillators: development of a simulator under conditions of non ideality of the vapor phase[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 2000, 24 (2-7): 1309-1315
119. Lutisan J, cvengros J. Effect of inert gas pressure on the molecular distillation process. Separation and Science Technology. 1995, 30(17): 3375-3389.
120．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
121. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
1 Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
2 E. Ruckenstein, W. Hassink, S. V. Ganrisankar. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary mixtures[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1983, (18)523-545.
3 Nguyen, A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped film short-path distillation [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
4 C. B. Batistella, E. B. Moraes, R. Maciel Filho, M. R. Wolf Maciel. Molecular distillation process for recovering biodiesel and carotenoids from palm oil[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2002, 98-100:1149-1159.
5 Jan Cvengros, Miroslav Micov, Juraj Lutisan. Modelling of fractionation in a molecular evaporator with divided condenser[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2000, 39: 191-199.
6 Jan Cvengros, Juraj Lutisan, Miroslav Micov. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78: 61-67.
7 向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
8 李国兵，许春建，周明．刮膜分子蒸馏传质和传热的数学模型[J]．天津大学学报，2003，36(3)：261-266．
9 Cvengros J, Pollak S, Micov M, Lutisan J. film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. 2001, 81: 9-14.
10 贺小华，唐平，李佳，陆小华．薄膜蒸发器内流体流动特性的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报，2005，5(4)：357-363．
11 Komori S, Takata K, Murakami Y. Flow structure and mixing mechanism in an agitated thin film evaporator[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 2004, 21(6): 639-644.
12 黄卫星，陈文梅．工程流体力学[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2002．
13 Arijit Bose, Harvey J. Palmer. Influence of heat and mass transfer resistances on separation efficiency in molecular distillations [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1984, 23: 459-465.
14．李国兵．刮膜分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2002．
15. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
16. Dehghan M. Fully implicit finite differences methods for two dimensional diffusion with a non local boundary condition [J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 1999, 106(2)：255-269．
17 刘春风．应用数值分析[M]．冶金工业出版社，2005．北京．
18 张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
19 黄华江．实用化工计算机模拟—MATLAB在化学工程中的应用[M]．化学工业出版社，2004，北京．
20. Yaws C L. Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1999.
21. Shieh W K, Tsao Y. Impulse response of a monoethylamine-fed fluidized bed reactor [J]. Water Research. 2003, 37(10): 2331-2338.
22 张元兴，许学书．生物反应器工程[M]．华东理工大学出版社，上海，2001：93-97．
23. Skoczylas A, Urbanski A. Residence time of liquid in a thin layer evaporator equipped with a spiral element [J]. The Chemical Engineering Journal and The Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2): 51-58.
1. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation [M]. Oxford University Press, 1960: 3-10.
2. Nguyen, A D, Goffic F L. Limits of wiped film short-path distillation [J]. Chemical Engineering science, 1997, 52(16): 2661-2666.
3. E. Ruckenstein, W. Hassink, S. V. Ganrisankar. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary mixtures[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1983, (18)523-545.
4. M. Bhandarkar, J. R. Ferron. Transport processes in thin liquid films during high-vacuum distillation[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 1988, 27: 1016-1024.
5. Z. Kawala, K. Stephan. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chem. Eng. Technol, 1989, 12:406-413.
6. Jan Cvengros, Miroslav Micov, Juraj Lutisan. Modelling of fractionation in a molecular evaporator with divided condenser [J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2000, 39: 191-199.
7. Jan Cvengros, Juraj Lutisan, Miroslav Micov. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78: 61-67.
8．李国兵，许春建，周明．刮膜分子蒸馏传质和传热的数学模型[J]．天津大学学报，2003，36(3)：261-266．
9．向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
10．张旭斌，许春建，周明．真空下同轴圆筒间分子蒸馏过程的数值模拟[J]．过程工程学报，2005，5(1)：97-102．
11．任艳奎，许松林，栾礼侠．应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯玫瑰精油[J]．应用化工，2005，34(8)：509-512．
12．许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精制L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
13．陈芳，廖小军，汪政富，蔡同一，胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：189-191．
14．胡孝勇，张心亚，沈慧芳，瞿金清，陈焕钦．采用分子蒸馏设备分离聚氨酯预聚物中游离TDI研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2005，19(2)：197-201．
15. Yaws C L. Chemical Properties Handbook[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1999.
16．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
17. Kawala Z. A dibutyl phthalate-dibutyl sebacate mixture as a system for testing molecular distillation column [J]. International Chemical Engineering, 1974, 14(30): 536-543.
18. Reid R C, Prausnitz J M, Sherwood T K. The properties of gases and liquids [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1977.
19．黄卫星，陈文梅．工程流体力学[M]．化学工业出版社．北京，2002．
20. Badin V, Cvengros J. Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator[J]. Chem Eng J. 1992, 49: 177-180.
21. Hoke B C, Chen J C. Mass transfer in evaporating falling liquid mixtures[J]. AICHE J. 1992, 38(5): 781-787.
22. Ruckenstein E, Hassink W. The combined effect of diffusion and evaporation on the molecular distillation of ideal binary liquid mixtures[J]. Sep Sci Technol. 1983, 18(6): 523-545.
23．刘春凤．应用数值分析[M]．冶金工业出版社，2005．北京．
24．黄华江．实用化工计算机模拟—MATLAB在化学工程中的应用[M]．化学工业出版社，2004，北京．
25. Ferron J R. Evaporation and condensation of mixtures under rarefied conditions[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals. 1986, 25(4): 594-602.
1. Lin Kuo-Min. Separation of tocopherol and sterols from soy deodorizer distillate[D]. 2002, Ph. D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University.
2. Verleyen T, Sosinska U, Ioannidou S, et al. Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols[J]. JAOCS, 2002, 79(10): 947-953.
3. Fang T, Goto M, Wang X B, et al. Separation of natural tcopherols from soybean oil byproduct with supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. The Journal of supercritical Fluids. 2006, in Press.
4. Verleyen T, Sosinska U, Ioannidou S, et al. Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols[J]. Journal of the American oil chemists' Society. 2002, 79(10): 947-953.
5．丁霄霖，刘青松．对脱臭馏出物中脂肪酸甲酯化的研究[J]．中国油脂．2003，28(12)：44-46．
6．邵平，姜绍通，戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．2004．食品科学，25(Suppl)：78-81．
7．鲁志成，谷克仁，冶保献，李俊峰．浓硫酸催化脱臭馏出物脂肪酸甲酯化工艺研究[J]．粮食与油脂．2005，3：21-23．
8. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, et al. Purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American oil chemists' Society. 2003, 80(4): 341-346.
9. Nagao T, Hirota Y, Watanabe Y, et al. Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification[J]. Lipids. 2004, 39(8): 789-794.
10. Greenwood A G, Rees L P, Siochi F C. An investigation of the behavior of simulation response surfaces[J]. European Journal of Operational Research. 1998, 110(2): 282-313.
11．鞠庆华，曾昌凤，郭卫军等．酯交换法制备生物柴油的研究进展[J]．化工进展，2004，23(10)，1053-1057．
12. Meher L C, Vidya S D, Naik S N. Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification-A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2006, 10(3): 248-268.
13．赵宗保，华艳艳，刘波．中国如何突破生物柴油产业的原料瓶颈[J]．中国生物工程杂志．2005，25(11)：1-6．
14. Paixao J A, Campos J M. Determination of fat soluble vitamin by reversed phase HPLC coupled with UV: A guide to the explanation of intrinsic variability[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 2003, 26(4): 641-663.
15．周青．分光光度法测定植物油精炼副产物中的V_E[J]．食品科技．2003，12：76-79．
16．匡海学．中药化学[M]．中国中医药出版社．北京，2003．
17．许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精致L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
18. Bender M. Economic feasibility review for community-scale farmer cooperatives for biodiesel [J]. Bioresource Technology. 1999, 70(1): 81-87.
19. Wang W G, Lyons D W, Clark N N, et al. Emissions from nine heavy trucks fueled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modification[J]. Environmental Science and Technology 2000, 34(6): 933-939.
20. Mustafa Canakci. Combustion characteristic of a turbocharged DI compression ignition engine fueled with petroleum diesel fuels and biodiesel[J]. Bioresource Technology. 2007, 98(4): 1167-1175．
21．周泉城．菜籽脱臭馏出物中维生素E的提取及功能研究[D]．华中农业大学博士学位论文，2004．
22．邵平，姜绍通，戴谊．基于人工神经网络的菜籽油脱臭馏出物甲酯化响应曲面模型研究[J]．食品科学(sup)．2004(5)：78-81．
23．许文林，黄一波，沙鸥等．回流操作条件下植物甾醇与过量乙酸酯化反应动力学[J]．高校化学工程学报．2005，19(3)：379-383．
24. Yang Y W, Fu X F, Wei Z J, et al. Extraction of phytosterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillates by adduct formation with calcium chloride[J]. Journal of chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities. 2006, 20(4): 571-575.
25．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
26. Sato Kiyotaka. Crystallization behaviour of fats and lipids-a review[J]. Chemical Engineering Science. 2001, 56(7): 2255-2266.
27. Eduardo A M, Miguel A B. Recovery of phytosterols from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates[J]. JAOCS. 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
28．许文林，王雅琼，黄一波．重结晶法精制植物甾醇的溶剂选择[J]．扬州大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，2：58-62．
29．黄一波．植物甾醇结晶分离精制过程及酯化反应过程研究[D]．扬州大学硕士学位毕业论文．2004．
30. Antonopoulou S, Andrikopoulos N K, Demopoulos C A. Separation of the main neutral lipids into classes and species by PR-HPLC and UV detection[J]. Journal of liquid Chromatography, 17(3): 633-648.
31. James L J, Marvin F G, Alice O J. Determination of stigmasterol in soybean sterol mixtures by infrared method[J]. Analytical Chemistry. 1957, 29(4): 468-470.
32. Wretensjo Inger, Karlberg Bo. Characterization of sterols in refined borage oil by GC-MS[J]. JAOCS. 2002, 79(11): 1069-1074.
33. Batistella C B, Maciel M R W. Modelling, simulation and analysis of molecular distiilators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(suppl): 19-24.
34. Chen F, Wang Z F, Zhao G H, et al. Purification process of octacosanol extracts from rice bran wax by molecular distillation[J]. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007, 79(1): 63-68.
35 宁永成．有机化合物结构鉴定与有机波谱学(第二版)[M]．北京科学出版社，2000：266-317．
36 Lin CY, Lin A N. Diesel engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process[J]. Fuel. 2006, 85(3): 298-305.
37．袁银南，江清阳，孙平等．柴油机燃用生物柴油的排放特性研究[J]．内燃机学报，2003，21 (6): 423-427.
38. Jeong G T, Oh Y T, Park D H. Emission profiles of rapeseed methyl ester and its blend in diesel engine[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2006,129 (1-3): 165-178.
1 Wang H T, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T. Separation of α-tocopherol and squalene by pressure swing adsorption in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004, 43(11): 2753-2758.
2．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究[J]．农业工程学报，2002，18(2)：106-109．
3 Combs G E Jr. The vitamins: Fundamental aspects in nutritional and health. 2nd Edition, California, U. S. A: Academic Press, 1998.
4．陈锦清，吴关庭．发展菜籽油制备生物柴油产业的一种有效对策[J]．中国生物工程杂志，2006，26(6)：93-98．
5．赵宗保，华艳艳，刘波．中国如何突破生物柴油产业的原料瓶颈[J]．中国生物工程杂志．2005，25(11)：1-6．
6 Ramamurthi, S., McCurdy, A. R. Enzymatic pretreatment of deodorizer distillate for concentration of sterols and tocopherols[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society, 1993, 70(3): 287-295.
7 Buczenko GM, de Oliveira Js, Von Meien Of. Extraction oftocopherols from the deodorized distillate of soybean oil with liquefied petroleum gas[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2003, 105(11): 668-671.
8 刘云、丁霄霖、朱丹华．超临界CO2双柱逆流萃馏浓缩天然维生素E的最佳工艺研究[J]．中国食品添加剂．2005，4：26-31．
9．周泉城、吴谋成．菜籽脱臭馏出物中天然维生素E的超临界流体萃取[J]．中国粮油学报．2004，19(1)：61-63．
10．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．连续进料超临界二氧化碳萃取和浓缩α-VE的试验研究[J]．中国粮油学报．18(2)：67-70．
11. Paixao J A, Campos J M. Determination of fat soluble vitamin by reversed phase HPLC coupled with UV: A guide to the explanation of intrinsic variability[J]. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 2003, 26(4): 641-663.
12．张旭斌．分子蒸馏过程研究[D]．天津大学博士学位论文．2003．
13．姜绍通．邵平，潘丽军．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中甾醇分离的甲酯化过程优化研究．农业工程学报，2006，22(2)：164-167．
14. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
15 De Maraes E B, Martins P F, Batistella C B, et al. Molecular distillation: A powerful technology for obtaining tocopherols from soya sludge[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2006, 132(1-3): 1066-1076.
16 张兴宇．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中V_E琥珀酸酯的合成研究[D]．合肥工业大学学士学位毕业论文．2004．
17. Hirota Y, Nagao T, Watanabe Y, Suenaga M, Nakai S, Kitano M, Sugihara Akio, Shimada Y. purification of steryl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2003, 80 (4): 341-346.
18. Burrows. G. Molecular distillation[M]. Oxford University Press, 1960:3-10.
19．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
20. Batistella C B, Maciel M R W. Modelling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillators: centrifugal and falling film[J]. Computers & chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(suppl): 19-24.
21. Chen F, Wang Z F, Zhao G H, et al. Purification process of octacosanol extracts from rice bran wax by molecular distillation[J]. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007, 79(1): 63-68.
22. Micov M, Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Balanced equations for molecular distillation[J]. Separation Science and Technology. 1997, 32(18): 3051-3066.
23．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
24. Cvengros, Jan; Pollak, Stefan; Micov, Miroslav; Lutisan, Juraj. Film wiping in the molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2001, 81(1-3): 9-14.
1．樊明涛，吴守一，马海乐．尿素包接法预浓缩α-维生素E的试验研究．农业工程学报，2002，18(2)：106-109．
2. Eduardo A M, Miguel A B. Recovery of phytosterol from sunflower oil deodorizer distillates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2004, 81 (2): 161-167.
3. Francesco G. Vitamin C, vitamin E and immune response. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2005, 16: 257.
4. Malgorzata N K, Jozef K, MaAAgorzata D, Eleonora L S. Changes in antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of rosemary extract and tocopherols in isolated rapeseed oil triacylglycerols during accelerated tests. Food Chemistry, 2005, 93(2): 227-235.
5. Robert L. Enzyme catalyzed esterification. Biotechnology Advances, 1997, 15(1): 1-15.
6. Ma F R, Hanna M A. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technology, 1999, 70(1): 1-15.
7. Wu X Y, Sanna J, Linko Y Y. An investigation of crude lipases for hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1996, 19(3): 226-231.
8. Al-Zuhair S, Ramachandran K B, Hasan M. High enzyme concentration model for the kinetics of hydrolysis of oils by lipase. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2004, 103: 7-11.
9. Kamini N R, Iefuji H. Lipase catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oils in aqueous medium by Cryptococcus spp. S-2. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 37(4): 405-410.
10. Watanabe Y, Nagao T, Hirota Y, Kitano M, Shimada Y. Purification of tocopherols and phytosterols by a two-step enzymatic reaction. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2004, 81(4): 339-345.
11. Shimada Y, Nakai S, Suenaga M, Sugihara A, Kitano M, Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
12. Nagesha G K, Manohar B, Sankar K U. Enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids of hydrolyzed soy deodorizer distillate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of supercritical Fluids, 2004, 32: 137-145.
13. Tenkanen M, Kontkanen H, Isoniemi R. Hydrolysis of steryl esters by a lipase (lip3) from Candida rugosa. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 2002, 60: 120-127.
14．李建武，陈丽蓉，余瑞元，陈来同，袁明秀，陈雅蕙．生物化学实验原理和方法．北京大学出版社，2004：311-312．
15 许松林，郑弢，徐世民．精致L-乳酸的分子蒸馏工艺研究[J]．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(2)：246-249．
16. Azlan Hussain Mohamed. Review of the applications of neural networks in chemical process control—simulation and online implementation[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. 1999, 13(1): 55-68.
17．董长虹．Matlab神经网络与应用[M]．国防工业出版社．2005：66-71．
18. Attoh-Okine Nii O. Analysis of learning rate and momentum term in backpropagation neural network algorithm trained to predict pavement performance[J]. Advances in Engineering Software. 1999, 30(4): 291-302.
19. Rooney D, Weatherley L R. The effect of reaction conditions upon lipase catalysed hydrolysis of high oleate sunflower oil in a stirred liquid-liquid reactor[J]. Process Biochemistry. 2001, 36(10): 947-953.
20 Chamorro S, Alcantara A R, Rosa M C, Sinisterra J V. Small water amounts increase the catalytic behavior of polar organic solvents pre-treated Candida rugosa lipase. Journal of molecular catalysis B, 2001, 11: 939-947.
21 Ma L, Persson M, Adlercreutz P. Water activity dependence of lipase catalysis in organic media explains successful transesterification reactions. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002, 31(7): 1024-1029.
22. Chowdary G V, Prapulla S G. The influence of water activity on the lipase catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate by transesterification. Process Biochemistry, 2002, 38(3): 393-397.
23．何仁彬．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001：137-145．
24．邵平，姜绍通，赵妍嫣，罗水忠．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中生物柴油的分子蒸馏分离工艺研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，12：171-174．
1. Shimada Y., Nakai S., Suenaga M., Sugihara A., Kitano M., Tominaga Y. Facile purification of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in high yield using lipase [J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society, 2000, 77(10): 1009-1013.
2. Malgorzata N K, Jozef K, MaAAgorzata D, Eleonora L S. Changes in antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of rosemary extract and tocopherols in isolated rapeseed oil triaeylglycerols during accelerated tests. Food Chemistry, 2005, 93(2): 227-235.
3. Michael J. Hass. Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soapstock[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 86: 1087-1096.
4. Gerpen J V. Biodiesel processing and production[J]. Fuel Processing Technology. 2005, 86(10): 1097-1107.
5．刘风云．新型水溶性醇酸树脂涂料的研究[D]．北京化工大学硕士学位论文，2003．
6. S-T Jiang, P Shao, L-J Pan, Y-Y Zhao. Molecular Distillation for Recovering Tocopherol and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Rapeseed Oil Deodoriser Distillate, Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 93(4): 383-391.
7．陈芳、廖小军、汪政富、蔡同一、胡小松．分子蒸馏工艺参数对高碳脂肪醇提取物精制效果的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005，21(11)：89-191．
8. Cvengros, Jan; Lutisan, Juraj; Micov, Miroslav. Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2000, 78(1): 61-67.
9. Batistella C. B, Maciel M. R. W. Modeling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillatory: centrifugal and failing film [J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 1996, 20(Suppl): 19-24.
10. Kawala Z, Stephan K. Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 1989, 12(6): 406-413.
11．向爱双，许松林．刮膜式分子蒸馏蒸发液膜模拟中两种湍流模型的比较[J]．中国科学B辑，2005，35(1)：11-16．
12．张旭斌、许春建、周明．降膜分子蒸馏过程模型研究[J]．高校化学工程学报．2004，18(5)：558-563．
13．邵平，姜绍通，赵妍嫣，罗水忠．菜籽油脱臭馏出物中生物柴油的分子蒸馏分离工艺研究[J]．农业工程学报，2005．21(12)：171-174．
14 田立楠．物性手册查用基础[M]．湖北科学技术出版社．1985．147-162．
15 Burrows. G. Molecular distillation[M]. Oxford University Press, 1960:24-30.
16 Lutisan J, Cvengros J. Mean free path of molecules on molecular distillation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal and Biochemical Engineering Journal. 1995, 56(2): 39-50.
17．孙兆林．Matlab 6.x图像处理[M]．清华大学出版社．北京，2002．
18．王兴晶，施波等．Visual Basic 6.0开发与实例[M]．电子工业出版社．北京，1999．
19．Microsoft．微软在线帮助知识库，http://www.microsofts.com.2005年5月．
20．Mathworks．MATLAB在线帮助。http://www.mathworks.com/2006年5月．