D-100/8-C型压缩机曲柄连杆机构动态特性研究及其计算机仿真
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摘要
曲柄连杆机构是往复活塞式压缩机的关键机构,压缩机的振动、噪声大部分来源于曲柄连杆机构,因此对其进行优化设计是提高压缩机性能的有效途径。长期以来由于往复式压缩机曲柄连杆机构的工况比较特殊,传统的设计方法只能采用一些近似假设和简化手段进行设计,因而所得的结果不够准确。随着计算机的广泛应用,出现了一些功能强大的通用有限元分析软件,利用这些软件使得精确的分析曲柄连杆机构的特性、进而优化设计成为了可能。
本文从热力学和动力学角度研究了D—100/8—C型压缩机和曲柄连杆机构的工作原理,利用三维建模Pro/Engineer软件,建立压缩机曲柄连杆机构的三维实体模型,利用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS,对压缩机的曲柄连杆机构进行仿真;通过对该压缩机曲柄连杆机构进行运动学和动力学分析,得出活塞的位移、速度、加速度及各个运动副处作用力曲线图等,从而确定了曲轴的危险工况;利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对曲轴、连杆、活塞进行了动态特性分析,得出曲轴、连杆、活塞在两种不同情况下的模态振型;通过对于运动副处力的分析,为连杆、十字头、活塞等其他零部件的优化设计和强度校核提供了依据,并为进一步分析和研究该型压缩机的特性提供了参考。
对曲轴在危险工况下的静强度、疲劳强度、应力场分布及变形状况进行了分析,计算了静强度和疲劳强度安全系数。计算结果表明,曲轴的静强度和疲劳强度安全系数都大于许用值,曲轴的强度虽然能够完全满足设计和运行工况的要求,但是安全系数偏大,尝试将曲轴曲柄销直径,曲轴主轴径缩小20mm,进行分析,结果表明减小直径的曲轴,可以满足使用要求。
crank and linkage mechanism is the key parts of Reciprocating piston compressor. the vibration and noise of the compressor mianly come from the crank and linkage mechanism,so it is a effective way for improving the performances of the compressors by optimizing crank and linkage mechanism.For a long time,the traditional design methods can only adopt similar assumptions and simplified design methods,because the working conditons of reciprocating compressor is special,which lead to the results is inaccurate.With the extensive application of computers,there have been some powerful finite element analysis software,the characteristics of crank and linkage mechanism can be analyzed by inite element analysis software,which lay a foundation for further opitimizations.
This thesis is mainly on the research of the thermal principles and the kinematics and dynamics of a D-100/8-C type compression engine's crank shaft connecting rod mechanism,making use of 3-D to build the model Pro/Engineer software,the 3-D entity model of a compression engine was built,using the machinery system simulates analysing software ADAMS,the crank shaft connecting rod mechanism was simulated. According to the ananlysis for kinematics and dynamics of the compression engine's crank shaft connecting rod mechanism,the piston displacement,speed,acceleration and moving the subsidiary place acting force curve diagram was gained,and the dangerous working condition of the crank shaft was got,too.Using of the ANSYS FEM method,made an analysis for the dynamic character of crank shaft,connecting rod and piston,and the modal vibration style in two kinds different condition was gained;By the analysis to motion subsidiary place force,for connecting rod, crosshead,piston etc.component and other part optimization designs,the intensity core of school has provided a basis and,has been that the characteristic property further.
The intensity,fatigue strength,strain field distribution and deformation situation were carried out analysis on the crank shaft diversity location quietness under dangerous working condition,assurance coefficient having calculated the quiet intensity and fatigue strength calculation bear fruit indicates value,crank shaft quiet intensity and fatigue strength assurance.The caculated result indicated that the safe coefficient of crank shaft' intensity and weary strenghwere bigger than the allowed values,although the crank shaft intensity was able to satisfy the request designing and running working condition's completely,but the safe coefficient is prejudiced Attemptting to sell a diameter with crank shaft crank,the crank shaft chief axis footpath reduces 20 mms,made an analysis,in the end,the result indicated that the crank shaft diminishing a diameter,could satisfy the usage request.
本文从热力学和动力学角度研究了D—100/8—C型压缩机和曲柄连杆机构的工作原理,利用三维建模Pro/Engineer软件,建立压缩机曲柄连杆机构的三维实体模型,利用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS,对压缩机的曲柄连杆机构进行仿真;通过对该压缩机曲柄连杆机构进行运动学和动力学分析,得出活塞的位移、速度、加速度及各个运动副处作用力曲线图等,从而确定了曲轴的危险工况;利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对曲轴、连杆、活塞进行了动态特性分析,得出曲轴、连杆、活塞在两种不同情况下的模态振型;通过对于运动副处力的分析,为连杆、十字头、活塞等其他零部件的优化设计和强度校核提供了依据,并为进一步分析和研究该型压缩机的特性提供了参考。
对曲轴在危险工况下的静强度、疲劳强度、应力场分布及变形状况进行了分析,计算了静强度和疲劳强度安全系数。计算结果表明,曲轴的静强度和疲劳强度安全系数都大于许用值,曲轴的强度虽然能够完全满足设计和运行工况的要求,但是安全系数偏大,尝试将曲轴曲柄销直径,曲轴主轴径缩小20mm,进行分析,结果表明减小直径的曲轴,可以满足使用要求。
crank and linkage mechanism is the key parts of Reciprocating piston compressor. the vibration and noise of the compressor mianly come from the crank and linkage mechanism,so it is a effective way for improving the performances of the compressors by optimizing crank and linkage mechanism.For a long time,the traditional design methods can only adopt similar assumptions and simplified design methods,because the working conditons of reciprocating compressor is special,which lead to the results is inaccurate.With the extensive application of computers,there have been some powerful finite element analysis software,the characteristics of crank and linkage mechanism can be analyzed by inite element analysis software,which lay a foundation for further opitimizations.
This thesis is mainly on the research of the thermal principles and the kinematics and dynamics of a D-100/8-C type compression engine's crank shaft connecting rod mechanism,making use of 3-D to build the model Pro/Engineer software,the 3-D entity model of a compression engine was built,using the machinery system simulates analysing software ADAMS,the crank shaft connecting rod mechanism was simulated. According to the ananlysis for kinematics and dynamics of the compression engine's crank shaft connecting rod mechanism,the piston displacement,speed,acceleration and moving the subsidiary place acting force curve diagram was gained,and the dangerous working condition of the crank shaft was got,too.Using of the ANSYS FEM method,made an analysis for the dynamic character of crank shaft,connecting rod and piston,and the modal vibration style in two kinds different condition was gained;By the analysis to motion subsidiary place force,for connecting rod, crosshead,piston etc.component and other part optimization designs,the intensity core of school has provided a basis and,has been that the characteristic property further.
The intensity,fatigue strength,strain field distribution and deformation situation were carried out analysis on the crank shaft diversity location quietness under dangerous working condition,assurance coefficient having calculated the quiet intensity and fatigue strength calculation bear fruit indicates value,crank shaft quiet intensity and fatigue strength assurance.The caculated result indicated that the safe coefficient of crank shaft' intensity and weary strenghwere bigger than the allowed values,although the crank shaft intensity was able to satisfy the request designing and running working condition's completely,but the safe coefficient is prejudiced Attemptting to sell a diameter with crank shaft crank,the crank shaft chief axis footpath reduces 20 mms,made an analysis,in the end,the result indicated that the crank shaft diminishing a diameter,could satisfy the usage request.
引文
[1]林梅,孙嗣莹编.活塞式压缩机原理[M].北京.机械工作出版社.1987 1-2
[2]刘卫华.近十年来压缩机技术研究动向[J].北京.压缩机技术.2006(4)
[3]宋培林.虚拟模型:机械工程的一门新兴技术[J]Mechanical Dynamics nc,1999
[4]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002
[5]王黝成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京.清华大学出版社.1997
[6]郑建荣.ADAMS--虚拟样机技术入门与提高北京[M]:机械工业出版社,2001
[7]邢俊文.虚拟样机技术在装备研制中的作用与应用研究
[8]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民编著.ADAMS 2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[9]MSC公司著.ADAMS.12.0.Training Documentation
[10]陈立平编著.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1
[11]姚建军.机枪系统动力学仿真及动力稳健优化设计方法研究.[博士学位论文].南京.南京理工大学.2002
[12]鲍卫宁.基于ADAMS软件的轿车悬架动态模拟与仿真:[硕士学位论文]武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[13]杨瑞峰,崔志琴.柴油机曲轴的动态特性研究.内燃机[J].2002.(5)
[14]韩松涛,郝志勇.6102B型柴油机曲轴三维有限元模态分析与试验研究.农业机械学报[J].2001.(4)
[15]雷宣扬,宋希庚,薛冬新.模拟内燃机曲轴振动的新模型.中国机械工程[J].2003(17)
[16]雷宣扬等.内燃机曲轴振动特性的三维模拟-其二次Timoshenko梁单元.内燃机工程[J].2003.(6)
[17]方华,王天灵,李盛成.483型柴油机曲轴有限元分析及可靠度计算.设计.计算.研究[J].1998.(8)
[18]娄路亮,李付国,李庆华.压力机曲轴的可靠性分析.锻压机械[J].1999.(5)
[19]王明武.船用柴油机曲轴可靠性分析的一种模拟方法.船舶工程[J].1995.(1)
[20]傅志方,华宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海.上海交通大学出版社.2000
[21]刘必荣.基于ANSYS的R175A柴油机曲轴应力分析.盐城工学院学报[J].2002(6)
[22]高德平.机械工程中的有限元法基础[M].西安.西北工业大学出版社.1993
[23]王德海,尹建民等.多缸机曲轴强度研究中的三维有限元法[J].镇江.江苏理工大学学报,1997.(1)
[24]阳松林,刘裕昭.曲轴模态分析的有限元方法.二汽科技[J].1991(5)
[25]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].机械工业出版社,2003
[26]博嘉科技编著.有限元分析软件:ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.11
[27]Gordon R.Pennock,Force analysis of the apex seals in the wankel rotary compressor including the influence of fluctuations in the crankshaft speed,Mech.Mach.Theory Vol.32,N0.3,1997
[28]李彦亘,郑再象,沈辉.基于I-DEAS的发动机曲轴静强度分析[J].中国农机化.2003.(6)
[29]Z.P.Mourelatos,An efficient crankshaft dynamic analysis using substructuring with Ritz vectors,Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000
[30]W·Soedel.Design and Mechanics of Comperssorvalve.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,7-9
[31]N.G.Chalhoub,H.Nehme and N.A.Henein,Effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism on the estimation of the instantaneous engine friction torque,Journal of Sound and Vibration 224(3),1999
[32]R.Dufour,J.Der Hagopian and M.Lalanne,Transient and steady state dynamic behaviour of single cylinder compressors prediction and experiments,
[33]Shinichiro Fujikawa,Application of CAE for hot一forging of automotive components,Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98,2000
[34]Zissimos P.Mourelatos,A crankshaft system model for structural dynamic analysis of internal combustion engines,Computer&Structures 79(2001)
[35]R.K.Pandey,Failure of diesel-engine crankshafts,Engineering FailureAnalysis 10,2003
[36]Nakamura Y,The New Method of Crankshaft Design for High speed DieselEngines,ASME(11),1993
[37]Shinichiro Fujikawa,Application of CAE for hot 一 forging of automotive components,Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98,2000
[38]Nakamura Y,The New Method of Crankshaft Design for High speed Diesel Engines,ASME(11),1993
[39]张朝晖编著,ANSYS 10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006.5
[40]邢静忠,王永岗等编著.有限元基础与ANSYS入门[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1
[41]胡仁喜,王庆五,闫石等编著.ANSYS 8.2机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.1
[42]祝效华,余志祥编著.ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.5
[43]张朝晖,王鲁,李树奎.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.10
[44]刘国庆,杨庆东编著 ANSYS工程应用教程-机械篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.11
[45]郁永章.容积式压缩机技术手册[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[46]《活塞式压缩机设计》编写组.活塞式压缩机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1974.5(298)
[47]压缩机教研室编.活塞式压缩机[M].西安交通大学.1972.(218)
[2]刘卫华.近十年来压缩机技术研究动向[J].北京.压缩机技术.2006(4)
[3]宋培林.虚拟模型:机械工程的一门新兴技术[J]Mechanical Dynamics nc,1999
[4]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002
[5]王黝成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京.清华大学出版社.1997
[6]郑建荣.ADAMS--虚拟样机技术入门与提高北京[M]:机械工业出版社,2001
[7]邢俊文.虚拟样机技术在装备研制中的作用与应用研究
[8]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民编著.ADAMS 2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[9]MSC公司著.ADAMS.12.0.Training Documentation
[10]陈立平编著.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1
[11]姚建军.机枪系统动力学仿真及动力稳健优化设计方法研究.[博士学位论文].南京.南京理工大学.2002
[12]鲍卫宁.基于ADAMS软件的轿车悬架动态模拟与仿真:[硕士学位论文]武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[13]杨瑞峰,崔志琴.柴油机曲轴的动态特性研究.内燃机[J].2002.(5)
[14]韩松涛,郝志勇.6102B型柴油机曲轴三维有限元模态分析与试验研究.农业机械学报[J].2001.(4)
[15]雷宣扬,宋希庚,薛冬新.模拟内燃机曲轴振动的新模型.中国机械工程[J].2003(17)
[16]雷宣扬等.内燃机曲轴振动特性的三维模拟-其二次Timoshenko梁单元.内燃机工程[J].2003.(6)
[17]方华,王天灵,李盛成.483型柴油机曲轴有限元分析及可靠度计算.设计.计算.研究[J].1998.(8)
[18]娄路亮,李付国,李庆华.压力机曲轴的可靠性分析.锻压机械[J].1999.(5)
[19]王明武.船用柴油机曲轴可靠性分析的一种模拟方法.船舶工程[J].1995.(1)
[20]傅志方,华宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海.上海交通大学出版社.2000
[21]刘必荣.基于ANSYS的R175A柴油机曲轴应力分析.盐城工学院学报[J].2002(6)
[22]高德平.机械工程中的有限元法基础[M].西安.西北工业大学出版社.1993
[23]王德海,尹建民等.多缸机曲轴强度研究中的三维有限元法[J].镇江.江苏理工大学学报,1997.(1)
[24]阳松林,刘裕昭.曲轴模态分析的有限元方法.二汽科技[J].1991(5)
[25]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].机械工业出版社,2003
[26]博嘉科技编著.有限元分析软件:ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.11
[27]Gordon R.Pennock,Force analysis of the apex seals in the wankel rotary compressor including the influence of fluctuations in the crankshaft speed,Mech.Mach.Theory Vol.32,N0.3,1997
[28]李彦亘,郑再象,沈辉.基于I-DEAS的发动机曲轴静强度分析[J].中国农机化.2003.(6)
[29]Z.P.Mourelatos,An efficient crankshaft dynamic analysis using substructuring with Ritz vectors,Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000
[30]W·Soedel.Design and Mechanics of Comperssorvalve.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,7-9
[31]N.G.Chalhoub,H.Nehme and N.A.Henein,Effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism on the estimation of the instantaneous engine friction torque,Journal of Sound and Vibration 224(3),1999
[32]R.Dufour,J.Der Hagopian and M.Lalanne,Transient and steady state dynamic behaviour of single cylinder compressors prediction and experiments,
[33]Shinichiro Fujikawa,Application of CAE for hot一forging of automotive components,Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98,2000
[34]Zissimos P.Mourelatos,A crankshaft system model for structural dynamic analysis of internal combustion engines,Computer&Structures 79(2001)
[35]R.K.Pandey,Failure of diesel-engine crankshafts,Engineering FailureAnalysis 10,2003
[36]Nakamura Y,The New Method of Crankshaft Design for High speed DieselEngines,ASME(11),1993
[37]Shinichiro Fujikawa,Application of CAE for hot 一 forging of automotive components,Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98,2000
[38]Nakamura Y,The New Method of Crankshaft Design for High speed Diesel Engines,ASME(11),1993
[39]张朝晖编著,ANSYS 10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2006.5
[40]邢静忠,王永岗等编著.有限元基础与ANSYS入门[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1
[41]胡仁喜,王庆五,闫石等编著.ANSYS 8.2机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.1
[42]祝效华,余志祥编著.ANSYS高级工程有限元分析范例精选[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.5
[43]张朝晖,王鲁,李树奎.ANSYS工程应用范例入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.10
[44]刘国庆,杨庆东编著 ANSYS工程应用教程-机械篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.11
[45]郁永章.容积式压缩机技术手册[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[46]《活塞式压缩机设计》编写组.活塞式压缩机设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1974.5(298)
[47]压缩机教研室编.活塞式压缩机[M].西安交通大学.1972.(218)