竹浆粘胶纤维染整加工性能研究
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摘要
竹浆粘胶纤维具有优良的透气性、独特的回弹性、瞬间吸水性等优良特性,而且我国竹资源非常丰富。因此,对竹浆粘胶纤维染整加工的研究不仅为新型纤维的开发利用提供了一定的理论基础,而且也为合理的染整加工起到一定的指导作用。本文研究了竹浆粘胶纤维的结构性能,分析了四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)低温活化漂白剂对竹浆纤维漂白工艺,探讨了直接染料对竹浆粘胶纤维的染色机理和吸附行为,活性染料对竹浆粘胶纤维的染色工艺,并探索了竹浆粘胶纤维的紫外线防护整理,以及竹浆粘胶纤维的抗皱和抗紫外复合整理。研究结果表明:
(1)竹浆粘胶纤维的耐碱性差于普通粘胶纤维,碱处理后纤维的直接染料染色速率有较大提高。
(2)竹浆粘胶纤维本身存在白度低、黄度高、湿强低以及耐碱性差等缺点,针对这一问题采用双氧水/TAED活化体系漂白对竹浆纤维进行漂白,使漂白试样获得很好的漂白效果且对纤维几乎没有损伤。
(3)直接染料对竹浆粘胶纤维的初染速率略大于普通粘胶纤维,且染色速率常数受温度的影响程度小于粘胶纤维,但染料在竹浆纤维上的平衡上染量略低。竹浆和普通粘胶纤维的直接染料染色速率曲线,更适合用Chrastil动力学方程描述,其模拟曲线与实验点的相关系数明显高于Cegarra-Puente动力学方程和经典的Vickerstaff方程。与传统的染色理论不同,直接黄86和橙39在竹浆和普通粘胶纤维的吸附更适合用Redlich-Peterson热力学方程描述。
(4)乙烯砜、一氯均三嗪/一氯均三嗪和乙烯砜/一氯均三嗪三只不同活性基活性染料对竹浆纤维的染色工艺与普通粘胶纤维基本一致。采用升温染色法测定了含乙烯砜基的双活性基染料在竹浆和粘胶纤维上的SERF值, SERF值比较接近的三原色拼染棕色时,染料具有很好的拼色相容性。
(5)反应性紫外线吸收剂在竹浆纤维上的吸附受浸渍整理温度、元明粉用量、时间的影响较大,而受纯碱用量的影响很小,其吸附对元明粉用量的敏感度高于活性染料。采用紫外线吸收剂整理和活性染料(尤其是含一氯均三嗪活性基的染料)染色均可赋予竹浆纤维织物较好的紫外线防护功能,活性染料的紫外线防护功能与其在UV-B区的吸收强度有关。低温反应型紫外线吸收剂不合适采用标准染色法与中高温型活性染料同浴染色和整理,但可用改进的活性染料预加碱染色法进行染色整理同浴加工。
(7)用多元羧酸和反应性紫外吸收剂与低分子量壳聚糖的反应产物对竹浆粘胶纤维进行抗皱和抗紫外复合整理后,织物的折皱回复角有很大提升,UPF指数从6提高到近60。
Bamboo viscose fiber as a kind of new fiber which has excellent performance, and the resource of bamboo is rich in China. The research on its dyeing and finishing performance provide both a theoretical basis for its development and application and a guideline for its dyeing and finishing process. In this paper, the influence of sodium hydroxide on the structure and weight loss of bamboo viscose was studied, the bleaching technics of bamboo viscose fibers using tetraacetylethylenedianime(TAED) as an activator of peroxide bleaching at low temperature were investigated. The adsorption behavior and dyeing mechanism of direct dyes, and the dyeing properties of reactive dyes on bamboo viscose fibers, as well as the ultraviolet protection finishing and anti-crease and anti-ultraviolet multifunctional finishing of bamboo viscose fibers were studied. By these basic researches, the results were obtained as follows:
(a) The weight loss of bamboo and conventional viscose fibers during caustic treatment indicated that the alkali resistance of bamboo viscose fibers was not good and poorer than that of conventional viscose fibers. Afrter caustic treatment, the direct dyeing kinetic of bamboo viscose fibers were enhanced.
(b) Considering the disadvantage of bamboo viscose fibers such as low whiteness, low wet strength and poor alkali resistance, TAED was used as an activator for the peroxide bleaching of bamboo viscose fibers. This bleaching method can be used to solve the problem of the low whiteness of bamboo viscose fibers.
(c) Bamboo viscose fibers displayed slightly higher dyeing rates and dye absorption values at initial stages, but rather lower equilibrium absorption values than conventional viscose fibers. Three equations, namely Chrastil, Cegarra-Puente and Vickerstaff, were used to fit the direct dyeing kinetics of bamboo viscose and conventional viscose fibers, showing that the best result was obtained by Chrastil’s equation. Different from conventional theories, the adsorption of direct Yellow 86 and Orange 39 on bamboo viscose fibers were best obtained by Redlich-Peterson equation.
(d) The dyeing performance of three dyes having different reactive groups for bamboo viscose fibers were almost the same as that for conventional viscose fibers. The SERF values of Everzol ED reactive dyes for bamboo and conventional viscose fibers were determined. The tests of color matching using several combination dyes showed that the combination of dyes with approximately the same SERF values was suitable to be used for the trichromatic reactive dyes for the exhaustion dyeing of bamboo viscose fibers.
(e) The adsorption of the reactive UV absorber on bamboo viscose fibers were greatly affected by temperature, Glauber's salt dosage and time while the adsorption dependence on soda ash dosage was less, and furthermore its adsorption sensitivity to Glauber's salt dosage was greater than that of reactive dyes. Both the finishing with the UV absorber and the dyeing with reactive dyes (especially chlorotriazinyl-containing dyes) provided good UV protection function for bamboo viscose fabrics. It was observed that the UV protection properties of reactive dyes had certain relevance to their adsorption intensity in the UV-B region. The UV absorber was not applicable to one-bath finishing and dyeing with the reactive dyes which were applied under medium or high temperature, but possible to be applied to the modified pre-adding alkali dyeing method.
(f) Polycarboxylic acid incombination with the production of a reactive UV absorber and a low molecular weight chitosan was used as a multifunctional finishing agent for bamboo viscose fabric. After finishing, the wrinkle recovery angle of bamboo viscose fabric had a noticeable increase and the UPF values increased from 6 to 60.
(1)竹浆粘胶纤维的耐碱性差于普通粘胶纤维,碱处理后纤维的直接染料染色速率有较大提高。
(2)竹浆粘胶纤维本身存在白度低、黄度高、湿强低以及耐碱性差等缺点,针对这一问题采用双氧水/TAED活化体系漂白对竹浆纤维进行漂白,使漂白试样获得很好的漂白效果且对纤维几乎没有损伤。
(3)直接染料对竹浆粘胶纤维的初染速率略大于普通粘胶纤维,且染色速率常数受温度的影响程度小于粘胶纤维,但染料在竹浆纤维上的平衡上染量略低。竹浆和普通粘胶纤维的直接染料染色速率曲线,更适合用Chrastil动力学方程描述,其模拟曲线与实验点的相关系数明显高于Cegarra-Puente动力学方程和经典的Vickerstaff方程。与传统的染色理论不同,直接黄86和橙39在竹浆和普通粘胶纤维的吸附更适合用Redlich-Peterson热力学方程描述。
(4)乙烯砜、一氯均三嗪/一氯均三嗪和乙烯砜/一氯均三嗪三只不同活性基活性染料对竹浆纤维的染色工艺与普通粘胶纤维基本一致。采用升温染色法测定了含乙烯砜基的双活性基染料在竹浆和粘胶纤维上的SERF值, SERF值比较接近的三原色拼染棕色时,染料具有很好的拼色相容性。
(5)反应性紫外线吸收剂在竹浆纤维上的吸附受浸渍整理温度、元明粉用量、时间的影响较大,而受纯碱用量的影响很小,其吸附对元明粉用量的敏感度高于活性染料。采用紫外线吸收剂整理和活性染料(尤其是含一氯均三嗪活性基的染料)染色均可赋予竹浆纤维织物较好的紫外线防护功能,活性染料的紫外线防护功能与其在UV-B区的吸收强度有关。低温反应型紫外线吸收剂不合适采用标准染色法与中高温型活性染料同浴染色和整理,但可用改进的活性染料预加碱染色法进行染色整理同浴加工。
(7)用多元羧酸和反应性紫外吸收剂与低分子量壳聚糖的反应产物对竹浆粘胶纤维进行抗皱和抗紫外复合整理后,织物的折皱回复角有很大提升,UPF指数从6提高到近60。
Bamboo viscose fiber as a kind of new fiber which has excellent performance, and the resource of bamboo is rich in China. The research on its dyeing and finishing performance provide both a theoretical basis for its development and application and a guideline for its dyeing and finishing process. In this paper, the influence of sodium hydroxide on the structure and weight loss of bamboo viscose was studied, the bleaching technics of bamboo viscose fibers using tetraacetylethylenedianime(TAED) as an activator of peroxide bleaching at low temperature were investigated. The adsorption behavior and dyeing mechanism of direct dyes, and the dyeing properties of reactive dyes on bamboo viscose fibers, as well as the ultraviolet protection finishing and anti-crease and anti-ultraviolet multifunctional finishing of bamboo viscose fibers were studied. By these basic researches, the results were obtained as follows:
(a) The weight loss of bamboo and conventional viscose fibers during caustic treatment indicated that the alkali resistance of bamboo viscose fibers was not good and poorer than that of conventional viscose fibers. Afrter caustic treatment, the direct dyeing kinetic of bamboo viscose fibers were enhanced.
(b) Considering the disadvantage of bamboo viscose fibers such as low whiteness, low wet strength and poor alkali resistance, TAED was used as an activator for the peroxide bleaching of bamboo viscose fibers. This bleaching method can be used to solve the problem of the low whiteness of bamboo viscose fibers.
(c) Bamboo viscose fibers displayed slightly higher dyeing rates and dye absorption values at initial stages, but rather lower equilibrium absorption values than conventional viscose fibers. Three equations, namely Chrastil, Cegarra-Puente and Vickerstaff, were used to fit the direct dyeing kinetics of bamboo viscose and conventional viscose fibers, showing that the best result was obtained by Chrastil’s equation. Different from conventional theories, the adsorption of direct Yellow 86 and Orange 39 on bamboo viscose fibers were best obtained by Redlich-Peterson equation.
(d) The dyeing performance of three dyes having different reactive groups for bamboo viscose fibers were almost the same as that for conventional viscose fibers. The SERF values of Everzol ED reactive dyes for bamboo and conventional viscose fibers were determined. The tests of color matching using several combination dyes showed that the combination of dyes with approximately the same SERF values was suitable to be used for the trichromatic reactive dyes for the exhaustion dyeing of bamboo viscose fibers.
(e) The adsorption of the reactive UV absorber on bamboo viscose fibers were greatly affected by temperature, Glauber's salt dosage and time while the adsorption dependence on soda ash dosage was less, and furthermore its adsorption sensitivity to Glauber's salt dosage was greater than that of reactive dyes. Both the finishing with the UV absorber and the dyeing with reactive dyes (especially chlorotriazinyl-containing dyes) provided good UV protection function for bamboo viscose fabrics. It was observed that the UV protection properties of reactive dyes had certain relevance to their adsorption intensity in the UV-B region. The UV absorber was not applicable to one-bath finishing and dyeing with the reactive dyes which were applied under medium or high temperature, but possible to be applied to the modified pre-adding alkali dyeing method.
(f) Polycarboxylic acid incombination with the production of a reactive UV absorber and a low molecular weight chitosan was used as a multifunctional finishing agent for bamboo viscose fabric. After finishing, the wrinkle recovery angle of bamboo viscose fabric had a noticeable increase and the UPF values increased from 6 to 60.
引文
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