智能型超声波液位传感器的开发
|
摘要
随着科学技术的发展,超声波技术比较成熟,已广泛应用于众多领域。超声波液位传感器为非接触式测量仪器,用于化工原料液位测量。液位检测有很多种方法,其中超声波测量具有其它方法不可比拟的优点。为满足易燃易爆非接触化学物质液位检测的要求,将单片机、嵌入式系统引入仪表,开发出新型智能超声波传感器,突破了传统传感器的单一功能,实现了自动测量、数据处理、多种输出形式和通讯等。
该智能型传感器可进行较为精确的液位测量,设置三种方式与外部通讯.智能型传感器的开发包括硬件和软件两方面。智能型超声波传感器硬件电路由液位信息采集电路、控制单元、人机交互接口电路、与外部通讯接口电路四部分组成。电路采用16位超低功耗微处理器MSP430F449,MSP430F449具有强大的处理能力,FLASH存储器多达60KB,丰富的片上外围模块可节约外围电路的设计,并有方便高效的开发环境。本文选用常用超声波探头,运用温度传感器进行温度补偿,提高了测量的精度。在硬件电路的基础上,用C语言编制了具体实现各个功能的程序。软件由采集液位信息程序、人机交互程序和与外部通讯程序,通讯程序包括异步串行通讯程序﹑4～20mA电流变送程序和以太网数据传输程序组成。本文采用模块化结构的程序设计,便于编写、调试、修改以及功能扩展。
实验证明该智能型超声波液位传感器能实现精确的液位测量,通过按键选择进行不同方式的通讯。
Along with the development of science and technology, mature ultrasonic technology can be found in many fields. This kind of level sensors is non-contact equipment mainly used for the chemical raw material liquid level measurement .The ultrasonic measurement method has many advantages compared with others which have widely used for many years. To satisfy the requirement of inflammable chemical material non-contact liquid level measurement, intelligent sensor scheme is proposed in this paper.The drawback of conventional sensor with single function is overcomed.This intelligent sensor posseses many outstanding performances: automatic measurement, data processing, various forms of output and data communications.
The intelligent sensor is designed to achieve precise measurement and communicate with hose computer and other equitments in three ways. The intelligent sensor is developed of hardware circuits and sortware. Hardware circuits include the circuit of level information collection, control unit, user interface circuits of communication with outside. In circuit, the 16-bite consumption microprosessor, MSP430F449 is chosed as the hard core of the electrical board.The processor is powerful in computing, possesses bigger storage space up to 60KB and is rich in peripherial modules.This makes it easier to develop electrical circuit with more complicated functions.Commonly used ultrasonic probe is adopted as sensing component., the circuit for temperature compensation is carefully designed in order to achieve precise measurement. Based on circuits, the paper selects C laugange to program. The routine is made of liquid level measurement procedure, human-computerinteraction procedure, RS-232 serial communication procedure, Ethernet data transmission procedure and 4~20mA two-wire current transmitte procedure. In this paper, modular software is easy to program, revise and expand.
The result of experiment has showed that the intelligent sensor has the ability of precise measurement and communication with outside in three ways through the select of keys.
该智能型传感器可进行较为精确的液位测量,设置三种方式与外部通讯.智能型传感器的开发包括硬件和软件两方面。智能型超声波传感器硬件电路由液位信息采集电路、控制单元、人机交互接口电路、与外部通讯接口电路四部分组成。电路采用16位超低功耗微处理器MSP430F449,MSP430F449具有强大的处理能力,FLASH存储器多达60KB,丰富的片上外围模块可节约外围电路的设计,并有方便高效的开发环境。本文选用常用超声波探头,运用温度传感器进行温度补偿,提高了测量的精度。在硬件电路的基础上,用C语言编制了具体实现各个功能的程序。软件由采集液位信息程序、人机交互程序和与外部通讯程序,通讯程序包括异步串行通讯程序﹑4～20mA电流变送程序和以太网数据传输程序组成。本文采用模块化结构的程序设计,便于编写、调试、修改以及功能扩展。
实验证明该智能型超声波液位传感器能实现精确的液位测量,通过按键选择进行不同方式的通讯。
Along with the development of science and technology, mature ultrasonic technology can be found in many fields. This kind of level sensors is non-contact equipment mainly used for the chemical raw material liquid level measurement .The ultrasonic measurement method has many advantages compared with others which have widely used for many years. To satisfy the requirement of inflammable chemical material non-contact liquid level measurement, intelligent sensor scheme is proposed in this paper.The drawback of conventional sensor with single function is overcomed.This intelligent sensor posseses many outstanding performances: automatic measurement, data processing, various forms of output and data communications.
The intelligent sensor is designed to achieve precise measurement and communicate with hose computer and other equitments in three ways. The intelligent sensor is developed of hardware circuits and sortware. Hardware circuits include the circuit of level information collection, control unit, user interface circuits of communication with outside. In circuit, the 16-bite consumption microprosessor, MSP430F449 is chosed as the hard core of the electrical board.The processor is powerful in computing, possesses bigger storage space up to 60KB and is rich in peripherial modules.This makes it easier to develop electrical circuit with more complicated functions.Commonly used ultrasonic probe is adopted as sensing component., the circuit for temperature compensation is carefully designed in order to achieve precise measurement. Based on circuits, the paper selects C laugange to program. The routine is made of liquid level measurement procedure, human-computerinteraction procedure, RS-232 serial communication procedure, Ethernet data transmission procedure and 4~20mA two-wire current transmitte procedure. In this paper, modular software is easy to program, revise and expand.
The result of experiment has showed that the intelligent sensor has the ability of precise measurement and communication with outside in three ways through the select of keys.
引文
[1]张洪润,张亚凡.主编传感技术与应用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005 , 3～9
[2]凌志浩,吴勤勤.智能仪表原理与设计技术,上海:华东理工大学出版社,2003:4～12
[3]杨必武,郭晓松.基于ADμC812的专用超声波液位传感器.传感器技术,2002(06):43～45
[4] Jung Hwan Cho. On-line monitoring of indoor environmental gases using ART2 neural networks and multi-sensor fusion . Intelligent Sensor. Dec. 2004 Page(s): 125～129
[5]常健生.检测与转换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000: 235～244
[6]李晓妮,刘树林.超声波液位自动测报系统德设计.九江学院学报2006(03):29～31
[7]陈静.超声波流量计的研制[硕士学位论文],西安:西安科技大学
[8]晓玉,鲍慧. MSP430低功耗运行模式原理及应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005(12):39～40
[9]魏雄,庄乾成,鲍玉君.低电压数字系统电源设计技术.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004(10):24～25
[10]袁占辉.基于现场总线的数字阀门控制器[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学
[11]盛信,杨凌冬.TL7705在单片机电源干扰技术中的应用.安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2005(03):84～85
[12]张福学.现代实用传感器电路.北京:中国计量出版社,1997:115～117
[13]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展.清洗技术,2004(06):12～17
[14]李积英.一种简单过零实用的过零比较电路.甘肃科技纵横2004(05):57
[15]许树玲.一种有效提高微分信号质量的措施.安阳工学院学院,2005(12):25
[16]李素江,任青毅.20KV小电流可控硅固体开关的研制.电源技术应用,2006(10):34～36
[17]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁耀. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:115～196
[18]刘福才,王冬云,张海良.一种实用的MSP430单片机与LCD显示器接口技术.工业控制技术,2005(10):93～95
[19]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁耀. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计.京:清华大学出版社,2005:173～196
[20]曹宇,魏丰,胡士毅用51单片机控制RTL8019实现以太网通讯.计算机应用,2003(01):21～22
[21]朱锋,许少云.基于W78E58B单片机控制RTL8019的以太网通讯接口设计.集成电路与元器件卷,2005:66～67
[22]汪献忠,刘巍.AD421在智能变送器中的应用.仪表技术及传感器,2006(03):49～51
[23]杨金岩,武翠琴,张向东.4～20mA电流变送器AD421及其应用.现代电子技术,2002(07):76～78
[24]徐群,王树勇.一种新型液位传感器及变送器的研究.测控技术, 2002(08): 13～15
[25]张烯,王德银,张晨编著. MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:109～21
[26]鲁德浩,杨雷,孙广斌等.基于嵌入式系统的超声波液位测量系统.河南广播电视大学学报,2003(09):79～80
[28]郏东耀.利用超声波传感器测液位的方法.自动化与仪器仪表,2002(05):51～53
[29] Yan Xue wen . Research on intelligent supervising system for roof abscission layer of roadway .Intelligent Control and Automation,June. 2004 Page(s): 15-19
[2]凌志浩,吴勤勤.智能仪表原理与设计技术,上海:华东理工大学出版社,2003:4～12
[3]杨必武,郭晓松.基于ADμC812的专用超声波液位传感器.传感器技术,2002(06):43～45
[4] Jung Hwan Cho. On-line monitoring of indoor environmental gases using ART2 neural networks and multi-sensor fusion . Intelligent Sensor. Dec. 2004 Page(s): 125～129
[5]常健生.检测与转换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000: 235～244
[6]李晓妮,刘树林.超声波液位自动测报系统德设计.九江学院学报2006(03):29～31
[7]陈静.超声波流量计的研制[硕士学位论文],西安:西安科技大学
[8]晓玉,鲍慧. MSP430低功耗运行模式原理及应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005(12):39～40
[9]魏雄,庄乾成,鲍玉君.低电压数字系统电源设计技术.单片机与嵌入式系统,2004(10):24～25
[10]袁占辉.基于现场总线的数字阀门控制器[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学
[11]盛信,杨凌冬.TL7705在单片机电源干扰技术中的应用.安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2005(03):84～85
[12]张福学.现代实用传感器电路.北京:中国计量出版社,1997:115～117
[13]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展.清洗技术,2004(06):12～17
[14]李积英.一种简单过零实用的过零比较电路.甘肃科技纵横2004(05):57
[15]许树玲.一种有效提高微分信号质量的措施.安阳工学院学院,2005(12):25
[16]李素江,任青毅.20KV小电流可控硅固体开关的研制.电源技术应用,2006(10):34～36
[17]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁耀. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:115～196
[18]刘福才,王冬云,张海良.一种实用的MSP430单片机与LCD显示器接口技术.工业控制技术,2005(10):93～95
[19]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁耀. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计.京:清华大学出版社,2005:173～196
[20]曹宇,魏丰,胡士毅用51单片机控制RTL8019实现以太网通讯.计算机应用,2003(01):21～22
[21]朱锋,许少云.基于W78E58B单片机控制RTL8019的以太网通讯接口设计.集成电路与元器件卷,2005:66～67
[22]汪献忠,刘巍.AD421在智能变送器中的应用.仪表技术及传感器,2006(03):49～51
[23]杨金岩,武翠琴,张向东.4～20mA电流变送器AD421及其应用.现代电子技术,2002(07):76～78
[24]徐群,王树勇.一种新型液位传感器及变送器的研究.测控技术, 2002(08): 13～15
[25]张烯,王德银,张晨编著. MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:109～21
[26]鲁德浩,杨雷,孙广斌等.基于嵌入式系统的超声波液位测量系统.河南广播电视大学学报,2003(09):79～80
[28]郏东耀.利用超声波传感器测液位的方法.自动化与仪器仪表,2002(05):51～53
[29] Yan Xue wen . Research on intelligent supervising system for roof abscission layer of roadway .Intelligent Control and Automation,June. 2004 Page(s): 15-19