贵州雷公山地衣区系的初步研究
摘要
地衣是由共生真菌(mycobiont)及光合共生物(photobiont)，即藻类或蓝细菌高度结合而成的稳定共生复合体，对大气污染十分敏感，是监测大气污染的灵敏指示植物，因此对环境的变化要比维管植物更为敏感，其种类组成、数量变化常常是植物群落演替、生态系统变化的前奏或指示。然而，自上世纪以来，由于森林砍伐和工业污染带来的环境恶化，大量的菌物种类正处于灭绝危险之中。因此，研究雷公山地区的地衣区系组成，对雷公山地区的自然保护工作具有重要意义，也为保护稀有和濒危的地衣物种提供资料。
本论文对馆藏于山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)的1200余份采自雷公山的标本从形态学、解剖学、化学及地理学等方面进行了综合研究。化学研究利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)和微量结晶检验法(MCT)。根据形态-化学-地理相结合的地衣物种概念，本论文首次对雷公山地衣标本进行了分类和鉴定，报道了中国雷公山地衣合计20科40属145种，其中包括新种1个：Herpothallon weii；中国新纪录属1个：Herpothallon；中国新记录种8个：细线裂隙衣(Fissurina elaiocarpa)、龟裂茶渍(Lecanora concilianda)、禾白茶渍(L.stramineoalbida)、多皱茶渍(L. subrugosa)、沟槽茶渍(L. sulcata)、厚猫耳衣(Leptogiumplatynum)、粉芽假网衣(Porpidia soredizodes)、隐盘黑拟文衣(Phaeographina celata)；另有贵州新纪录属22个：Anaptychia、Bacidia、Bryoria、Caloplaca、Cetreli、Diorygma、Fissurina、Hemithecium、Herpothallon、Heterodermia、Hypotrachyna、Myelochora、Ochrolechia、Parmotrema、Phaeographis、Porina、Porpidia、Pseudocyphellaria、Punctelia、Sticta、Thecaria、Verrucaria；新纪录种105个。
本论文通过对雷公山地区地衣在不同海拔高度和不同基物上的分布情况的分析得出,根据生长基质，雷公山地衣共有4种类型，依次为石生地衣(18属44种)、土生地衣(12属24种)、树生地衣(33属108种)、藓生地衣(5属11种)。
其垂直分布特征为：在600~1400m之间，由于人为活动频繁、自然植被带被破坏等原因，地衣种类较少，共15属54种；在1400~1800m之间，地衣种类最丰富，有些种类仅分布于该垂直带，共30属95种；在1800~2100m之间，共23属76种；在2100m以上，地衣种类最为稀少，共11属45种。
在参考和综合有关资料的基础上，将雷公山地区中较为明确的115种地衣划分为8个地理成分，其中东亚成分又分为3个分布型，其中：泛热带成分占28.6%，东亚成分占16.1%，环北极成分占14.3%,东亚北美成分占10.7%，温带成分占3.6%。雷公山地衣区系是以泛热带成分为主，东亚成分为次，同时与北美区系成分有一定的联系，从而从另一个侧面印证了雷公山地区的区系特征为具备北方、温带、亚热带、热带多种成分，有较明显的东亚性质与过渡性质，并与热带亚热带区系有着十分密切的联系。
Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic organism composed of a fungus(themycobiont) with a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont),Because of itssensitive to air pollution, lichen can be regarded as a monitor of the pollution. It is more sensitivethan vascular plant to environmental change. The component of lichen species and the change ofquantity of one area is the indictor of the variety of ecosystem. And the study of the Flora plays animportant part to the natural protection of Mt. Leigong.
The study is based on the specimens deposited in Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium,Shandong Normal University (SDNU). More than 1200 specimens are comprehensive studied withmultiple methods involve morphology, anatomy, chemistry, geography. Chemistry study uses colorreaction test (CT), Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Microcrystal Test (MCT). On the basisof the identification results of all specimens examined, 145 taxa are reported, including 1 species newto science: Herpothallon weii; 1 genera new to China: Herpothallon; 8 species new to China:Fissurina elaiocarpa、Lecanora concilianda、L. stramineoalbida、L. subrugosa、L. sulcata、Leptogium platynum、Porpidia soredizodes、Phaeographina celata；and 22 genera new to theprovince: Anaptychia、Bacidia、Bryoria、Caloplaca、Cetreli、Diorygma、Fissurina、Hemithecium、Herpothallon、Heterodermia、Hypotrachyna、Myelochora、Ochrolechia、Parmotrema、Phaeographis、Porina、Porpidia、Pseudocyphellaria、Punctelia、Sticta、Thecaria、Verrucaria；105 species new to the province.
Though the analysis of the lichen which is distributed in different altitude and habitat, theauthor found: There are 4 types of lichens according to vegetalsubstrate: saxicolous lichens(14genus, 44 species), terrestrial lichens(12 genus, 24 species), epiphloeodal lichens(33 genus, 108species), foliicolous lichens (5 genus, 11 species).
the characters of the vertical distribution are as following: between 600~1400m, because of theactivity of human being and so on, lichen species number is sparse, there are 15 genus, 54 species;between 1400~1800m, the number of species is abundance, here are 30 genus, 95 species; between1800~2100m, here are 23 genus, 76 species; and above 2100m, lichen species number is verysparse , here are 11 genus, 45 species.
The 115 species of lichen flora of Mt. Leigong can be classified into the following 8geographical elements and Eastern Asian can be classified into 3 distribution patterns. Here into,Extensive tropical element(28.6%), Eastern Asian element(16.1%), Boreal element(14.3%)，EastAsian-North American element(10.7%),Temperate element (3.6%), of which Pantropical elementand East Asia element are the most important ones in floristic elements of Mt. Leigong and it alsocorresponds with North American flora. The further study of the lichen flora is muchimportant inphylogenetic evolution of lichen species.The conclusion also proves the flora character upper.
本论文对馆藏于山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)的1200余份采自雷公山的标本从形态学、解剖学、化学及地理学等方面进行了综合研究。化学研究利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)和微量结晶检验法(MCT)。根据形态-化学-地理相结合的地衣物种概念，本论文首次对雷公山地衣标本进行了分类和鉴定，报道了中国雷公山地衣合计20科40属145种，其中包括新种1个：Herpothallon weii；中国新纪录属1个：Herpothallon；中国新记录种8个：细线裂隙衣(Fissurina elaiocarpa)、龟裂茶渍(Lecanora concilianda)、禾白茶渍(L.stramineoalbida)、多皱茶渍(L. subrugosa)、沟槽茶渍(L. sulcata)、厚猫耳衣(Leptogiumplatynum)、粉芽假网衣(Porpidia soredizodes)、隐盘黑拟文衣(Phaeographina celata)；另有贵州新纪录属22个：Anaptychia、Bacidia、Bryoria、Caloplaca、Cetreli、Diorygma、Fissurina、Hemithecium、Herpothallon、Heterodermia、Hypotrachyna、Myelochora、Ochrolechia、Parmotrema、Phaeographis、Porina、Porpidia、Pseudocyphellaria、Punctelia、Sticta、Thecaria、Verrucaria；新纪录种105个。
本论文通过对雷公山地区地衣在不同海拔高度和不同基物上的分布情况的分析得出,根据生长基质，雷公山地衣共有4种类型，依次为石生地衣(18属44种)、土生地衣(12属24种)、树生地衣(33属108种)、藓生地衣(5属11种)。
其垂直分布特征为：在600~1400m之间，由于人为活动频繁、自然植被带被破坏等原因，地衣种类较少，共15属54种；在1400~1800m之间，地衣种类最丰富，有些种类仅分布于该垂直带，共30属95种；在1800~2100m之间，共23属76种；在2100m以上，地衣种类最为稀少，共11属45种。
在参考和综合有关资料的基础上，将雷公山地区中较为明确的115种地衣划分为8个地理成分，其中东亚成分又分为3个分布型，其中：泛热带成分占28.6%，东亚成分占16.1%，环北极成分占14.3%,东亚北美成分占10.7%，温带成分占3.6%。雷公山地衣区系是以泛热带成分为主，东亚成分为次，同时与北美区系成分有一定的联系，从而从另一个侧面印证了雷公山地区的区系特征为具备北方、温带、亚热带、热带多种成分，有较明显的东亚性质与过渡性质，并与热带亚热带区系有着十分密切的联系。
Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic organism composed of a fungus(themycobiont) with a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont),Because of itssensitive to air pollution, lichen can be regarded as a monitor of the pollution. It is more sensitivethan vascular plant to environmental change. The component of lichen species and the change ofquantity of one area is the indictor of the variety of ecosystem. And the study of the Flora plays animportant part to the natural protection of Mt. Leigong.
The study is based on the specimens deposited in Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium,Shandong Normal University (SDNU). More than 1200 specimens are comprehensive studied withmultiple methods involve morphology, anatomy, chemistry, geography. Chemistry study uses colorreaction test (CT), Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Microcrystal Test (MCT). On the basisof the identification results of all specimens examined, 145 taxa are reported, including 1 species newto science: Herpothallon weii; 1 genera new to China: Herpothallon; 8 species new to China:Fissurina elaiocarpa、Lecanora concilianda、L. stramineoalbida、L. subrugosa、L. sulcata、Leptogium platynum、Porpidia soredizodes、Phaeographina celata；and 22 genera new to theprovince: Anaptychia、Bacidia、Bryoria、Caloplaca、Cetreli、Diorygma、Fissurina、Hemithecium、Herpothallon、Heterodermia、Hypotrachyna、Myelochora、Ochrolechia、Parmotrema、Phaeographis、Porina、Porpidia、Pseudocyphellaria、Punctelia、Sticta、Thecaria、Verrucaria；105 species new to the province.
Though the analysis of the lichen which is distributed in different altitude and habitat, theauthor found: There are 4 types of lichens according to vegetalsubstrate: saxicolous lichens(14genus, 44 species), terrestrial lichens(12 genus, 24 species), epiphloeodal lichens(33 genus, 108species), foliicolous lichens (5 genus, 11 species).
the characters of the vertical distribution are as following: between 600~1400m, because of theactivity of human being and so on, lichen species number is sparse, there are 15 genus, 54 species;between 1400~1800m, the number of species is abundance, here are 30 genus, 95 species; between1800~2100m, here are 23 genus, 76 species; and above 2100m, lichen species number is verysparse , here are 11 genus, 45 species.
The 115 species of lichen flora of Mt. Leigong can be classified into the following 8geographical elements and Eastern Asian can be classified into 3 distribution patterns. Here into,Extensive tropical element(28.6%), Eastern Asian element(16.1%), Boreal element(14.3%)，EastAsian-North American element(10.7%),Temperate element (3.6%), of which Pantropical elementand East Asia element are the most important ones in floristic elements of Mt. Leigong and it alsocorresponds with North American flora. The further study of the lichen flora is muchimportant inphylogenetic evolution of lichen species.The conclusion also proves the flora character upper.
引文
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