柴—燃联合动力装置（CODAG）仿真与实验研究
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摘要
柴-燃联合动力推进模式是大中型水面舰船的主要推进模式之一，共同工作的CODAG装置继承了交替工作的CODOG装置巡航时柴油机良好的经济性，而且在高速时还能将柴油机并入动力系统，而不是让柴油机“闲置”。近年来的相继增压技术的应用使得柴油机低工况的性能大幅度改善，结果是用于联合动力装置的柴油机功率大大提高，与燃气轮机功率的比值已从原来的1:5提高到1:1.64左右，在全速航行时可获得的航速收益达到了17％。它的投资费用约为交替使用的CODOG装置的79％-83％，燃油经济性是后者的80％，维护费用是后者的35％-75％，最高航速可达32节左右。鉴于共同工作的CODAG装置的突出特点，有必要对其进行先期研究，掌握其关键技术。
本文从试验和仿真两方面入手研究共同工作的CODAG系统的工作特性、控制算法与策略。首先对原有的交替工作的CODOG实验台进行改造使其能满足柴-燃联合动力装置不同模式(CODOG或CODAG)的实验研究需要。其次以此试验台为对象建立了相应的数学模型，并进行了相关运行工况的仿真计算研究。主要工作如下：
1．对共同工作的CODAG装置的运行方式进行了系统分析，对共同工作的CODAG装置试验台测控系统的硬件与软件进行了设计制造及安装调试；进行了共同工作的CODAG系统多方案的实验研究：在国内首次成功进行了两台主机的单独稳定运行及切换和共同工作运行，完成了两主机共同工作时的加减负荷试验、调速和转速阶跃响应实验，得到了柴油机和燃气轮机的转速、功率和各自的SSS离合器中间滑移件的位移曲线。
2．将共同工作的CODAG装置推进系统按其功能进行了模块化分解，建立了用于控制系统分析的非线性模型，并应用计算机数字仿真的方法，研究了该试验台的稳态和动态特性。本文运用MATLAB／Simulink仿真工具对共同工作的CODAG装置物理模拟实验台进行了建模与仿真，建模采用自顶向下和模块化的设计方法，整个系统包括柴油机及电子调速器模型、液力偶合器模型、燃气轮机控制系统模型、SSS离合器模型、并车齿轮箱模型及负荷模型。各个子系统间通过输入输出接口而构成一个相互作用的有机整体，对系统的动态特性进行了综合仿真研究，将仿真结果与实验结果进行了对比，为控制系统的设计提供了一定的参考依据。
经过大量的实验研究，证明了整个测控系统的设计是可行的，能够完成预定的要求，对进一步研究提高共同工作的CODAG系统的可靠性和机动性提供了重要的理论及实验基础。
The combined diesel and gas turbine power propulsion mode is the key one of main propulsion modes of the large and middle war ships. The CODAG has the economic advantage of CODOG power plant at cruise speeds and is able to use the diesel power together at higher ship speeds instead of the diesel being "dead weight". In recent years the power of diesel engine was increased very much because of using the sequence supercharging technology and the ratio of diesel power and gas turbine power was increased largely, from 20% to 61%, so that the top speed gain of the war ship will be 17% higher than the top speed by using only the gas turbine engine. The initial cost of CODAG plant is 79%~83% of initial cost of CODOG plant. The fuel consumption is only 80% of that of CODOG plant. The maintenance cost is only 35%~75% of that of CODOG plant. The top speed of the war ship is about 32 knots. Because the CODAG plant has many outstanding performances it is very important to investigate application characteristics of this kind of power plants and to master its key technology.
By using experimental and simulation measures the operation performance control arithmetic and strategies of CODAG system were studied. Firstly the original CODOG experimental rig was revised to meet the requirements of test researches which are necessary for different modes of combined diesel and gas turbine power plant (CODOG or CODAG). Secondly the mathematical models of this experimental rig were established and relative operation simulation researches were worked out. The main results are as followings.
1. The systematic analysis of operation modes of CODAG power plant was completed. Design manufacture installation and adjustment of hardware and software of measuring and controlling systems of CODAG experimental rig were completed also. Various experimental researches of CODAG system were conducted. Individual stable operation changeover and running together of the tow main engines were realized first at China. The experimental researches of load increase and decrease speed adjustment and speed step respond of tow engines running together were conducted. The speeds and power outputs of diesel and gas turbine were obtained and the displacements time curves of middle sliders of SSS clutches were obtained at various operation modes.
2. Blocking decomposing of CODAG propulsion system was completed. The nonlinear models for analyzing control system were obtained. Steady and transient performances of the experimental rig were investigated by using computer digital simulation methods. MATLAB/Simulink simulation tools were used for the modeling and simulation of physical experimental rig of CODAG plant. By using the method from top to bottom and by using blocking modeling was completed. The models of the diesel and its electronic governor, the model of hydraulic coupling, model of control system of gas turbine, model of SSS clutch, model of running together gear box and model of load were included. Organic interaction integration was formed by using inlet and exit interfaces of the each sub-systems. Synthetic simulation researches on dynamic performances of the whole system were conducted and were compared with experimental results. Those researches provided useful references for control system design.
Through a large number of experimental researches on the whole system the design of measuring and control system was proved to be a sound one and to be able to meet the requirements, the important theoretical and experimental bases were provided for the reliability and maneuverability of CODAG system.
本文从试验和仿真两方面入手研究共同工作的CODAG系统的工作特性、控制算法与策略。首先对原有的交替工作的CODOG实验台进行改造使其能满足柴-燃联合动力装置不同模式(CODOG或CODAG)的实验研究需要。其次以此试验台为对象建立了相应的数学模型，并进行了相关运行工况的仿真计算研究。主要工作如下：
1．对共同工作的CODAG装置的运行方式进行了系统分析，对共同工作的CODAG装置试验台测控系统的硬件与软件进行了设计制造及安装调试；进行了共同工作的CODAG系统多方案的实验研究：在国内首次成功进行了两台主机的单独稳定运行及切换和共同工作运行，完成了两主机共同工作时的加减负荷试验、调速和转速阶跃响应实验，得到了柴油机和燃气轮机的转速、功率和各自的SSS离合器中间滑移件的位移曲线。
2．将共同工作的CODAG装置推进系统按其功能进行了模块化分解，建立了用于控制系统分析的非线性模型，并应用计算机数字仿真的方法，研究了该试验台的稳态和动态特性。本文运用MATLAB／Simulink仿真工具对共同工作的CODAG装置物理模拟实验台进行了建模与仿真，建模采用自顶向下和模块化的设计方法，整个系统包括柴油机及电子调速器模型、液力偶合器模型、燃气轮机控制系统模型、SSS离合器模型、并车齿轮箱模型及负荷模型。各个子系统间通过输入输出接口而构成一个相互作用的有机整体，对系统的动态特性进行了综合仿真研究，将仿真结果与实验结果进行了对比，为控制系统的设计提供了一定的参考依据。
经过大量的实验研究，证明了整个测控系统的设计是可行的，能够完成预定的要求，对进一步研究提高共同工作的CODAG系统的可靠性和机动性提供了重要的理论及实验基础。
The combined diesel and gas turbine power propulsion mode is the key one of main propulsion modes of the large and middle war ships. The CODAG has the economic advantage of CODOG power plant at cruise speeds and is able to use the diesel power together at higher ship speeds instead of the diesel being "dead weight". In recent years the power of diesel engine was increased very much because of using the sequence supercharging technology and the ratio of diesel power and gas turbine power was increased largely, from 20% to 61%, so that the top speed gain of the war ship will be 17% higher than the top speed by using only the gas turbine engine. The initial cost of CODAG plant is 79%~83% of initial cost of CODOG plant. The fuel consumption is only 80% of that of CODOG plant. The maintenance cost is only 35%~75% of that of CODOG plant. The top speed of the war ship is about 32 knots. Because the CODAG plant has many outstanding performances it is very important to investigate application characteristics of this kind of power plants and to master its key technology.
By using experimental and simulation measures the operation performance control arithmetic and strategies of CODAG system were studied. Firstly the original CODOG experimental rig was revised to meet the requirements of test researches which are necessary for different modes of combined diesel and gas turbine power plant (CODOG or CODAG). Secondly the mathematical models of this experimental rig were established and relative operation simulation researches were worked out. The main results are as followings.
1. The systematic analysis of operation modes of CODAG power plant was completed. Design manufacture installation and adjustment of hardware and software of measuring and controlling systems of CODAG experimental rig were completed also. Various experimental researches of CODAG system were conducted. Individual stable operation changeover and running together of the tow main engines were realized first at China. The experimental researches of load increase and decrease speed adjustment and speed step respond of tow engines running together were conducted. The speeds and power outputs of diesel and gas turbine were obtained and the displacements time curves of middle sliders of SSS clutches were obtained at various operation modes.
2. Blocking decomposing of CODAG propulsion system was completed. The nonlinear models for analyzing control system were obtained. Steady and transient performances of the experimental rig were investigated by using computer digital simulation methods. MATLAB/Simulink simulation tools were used for the modeling and simulation of physical experimental rig of CODAG plant. By using the method from top to bottom and by using blocking modeling was completed. The models of the diesel and its electronic governor, the model of hydraulic coupling, model of control system of gas turbine, model of SSS clutch, model of running together gear box and model of load were included. Organic interaction integration was formed by using inlet and exit interfaces of the each sub-systems. Synthetic simulation researches on dynamic performances of the whole system were conducted and were compared with experimental results. Those researches provided useful references for control system design.
Through a large number of experimental researches on the whole system the design of measuring and control system was proved to be a sound one and to be able to meet the requirements, the important theoretical and experimental bases were provided for the reliability and maneuverability of CODAG system.
引文
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