电机转速测量器件高精度检测装置的研究
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摘要
在我国,能源问题一直是备受关注的问题,而能源使用效率低下是能源问题的一个主要原因。电动机行业也不例外,据统计,目前我国各类电动机总装机容量为4.2亿KW,耗电10000亿KWh以上,占每年电力消耗的比例达到60%以上。可以想象,如果电机效率每提高1%,就可节省100亿KWh以上的电能。而当今社会,各种新型电机不断的出现在市场上,均称其能效比很高,但这些电机的能效提高的程度有多大,得需要电机行业的专业检测设备进行检测论证。而这种检测装置在目前市场上主要是转矩和转速特性的检测装置,因此,为了确保检测装置的精度,转矩和转速检测装置的本身技术指标必须满足使用要求。
本文就此课题开发了一套装置,利用ARM技术,用来检测电机转速测量器件是否满足技术指标,为该器件能否投入市场提供有力保障,给电动机制造和电动机效率的提高提供了有力的技术依据和手段。
在该装置中,实时检测并显示当前的实际转速和自动对中能力。为提高检测装置的精度,保证连接同心度,利用数字图像处理系统结合伺服控制系统,对图像进行检测、识别、高精度位置控制以及高速度的完成,实现装置的高精度自动对中。在系统的硬件电路设计中,主控制ARM芯片对采集的图像信号进行实时处理,计算出对中附件偏离中心线的精确距离,实现前后、左右、上下的自动对中功能。同时,利用ARM技术控制对中电机的运动,使自动对中能力能更快更稳定的完成,外加大容量FLASH芯片存储采集的数据。并且外扩以太网接口,SD卡插槽,串口通信等功能,实现装置多功能化。最后通过光电转速传感器采集驱动主轴上光电编码圈输出的转速信号,并反馈到ARM控制系统中,再通过ARM控制系统对驱动部分实现控制,达到检测要求的转速,解决了整台装置的转速控制问题。
全文共分六章,重点介绍了嵌入式系统的硬、软件设计和数字图像处理技术的算法分析。第一章是绪论部分,介绍了课题的来源背景,国内外的研究现状,以及研究的目的和方法。第二章介绍了该检测装置的基本工作原理和嵌入式系统的发展概况。第三章重点阐述了数字图像处理技术,分析了当前比较流行和适用的算法。第四章为控制系统的硬件设计,主要介绍了硬件的整体设计模型,微处理器及其周边电路的设计。第五章为系统软件设计,主要介绍了系统整体程序设计思想,数字图像程序设计,自动对中程序设计和转速测量程序设计等。第六章给出了测量结果,并对数据结果进行分析总结。
最后,对本课题做了总结,并对基于ARM的电机转速测量器件高精度检测装置做出了展望。
图[45]表[7]参[43]
In China, the energy issue is very popular in nowadays, the Inefficient use of energy is a major cause of it. Motor industry is no exception, According to statistics, China's total installed capacity of various types of motors is 420 million KW, the consumption of electricity is more than one trillion KWh, accounting for the proportion of annual electricity consumption of more than 60%. Imagine, if increase 1% in motor efficiency, it would save more than 10 billion KWh of electricity. Nowadays, all kinds of new motor appeared on the market continuously, they are all called that they have high energy efficiency, but how is the extent of energy efficient about these motors, it may need professional electrical testing equipment for testing demonstration. And this test device in the current market is mainly characteristics of torque and rotational speed detection device, therefore, whether the own technical indicator meets the requirement of torque and rotational speed detecting device becomes especially important.
This article on the subject has developed a device, the use of ARM technology, which used to detect motor speed measuring device. Judge the device whether arrive the technical specifications, and provides a strong protection for the market, it provides a strong technical basis for the motor manufacturing and motor efficiency.
The device can detect the real time, and it can display the current actual speed and the ability of automatic centering. To improve the accuracy of detection devices and ensure connectivity concentricity, the article uses digital image processing system and servo control system. In order to achieve high-precision automatic centering and the completion of high-speed, the article used the image detection, identification, high-precision position control. In the system of hardware circuit design, the main control ARM chips collected in real-time image signal processing to calculate the right of the annex to deviate from the centerline of the exact distance, achieve around about the automatic right of the upper and lower function. At the same time, the use of ARM technology to control movement of the motor, so that the ability to automatically be able to be completed faster and more stable, and use external FLASH chip memory to increase capacity of the data collected. What's more, the used of external expansion Ethernet interface, SD card slot, serial communication and other functions achieve the devices of multifunction. Finally, it adopt the output signal,which come from the encoder ring of speed sensor, and feed back to the ARM control system, then the ARM control the drive part,achieve the speed of testing requirements,resolve the speed problem of the entire units.
This article is divided into six chapters. It focuses on embedded systems hardware and software design and the analysis of algorithms of digital image processing technology. The first chapter is the introduction section. It describes the source, background and the status quo at home and abroad of the subject, as well as research purposes and methods. The second chapter describes the basic working principle of detection devices and development overview of embedded system. Chapter III focuses on digital image processing techniques, analysis of the current popular and applied algorithms. Chapter IV is the hardware design of control system, which introduces the overall design of the hardware model, a microprocessor and its peripheral circuit design. Chapter V is the software design of system, which mainly describes the system as a whole program design ideas, digital image programming, automatic speed measurement in program design and program design. Chapter VI gives the measurement results, and the data analyzed and summarized the results.
Finally, made a summary of this topic, and ARM-based motor speed measurement devices has made high-precision test device prospects.
Figure [45] table [7] reference [43]
本文就此课题开发了一套装置,利用ARM技术,用来检测电机转速测量器件是否满足技术指标,为该器件能否投入市场提供有力保障,给电动机制造和电动机效率的提高提供了有力的技术依据和手段。
在该装置中,实时检测并显示当前的实际转速和自动对中能力。为提高检测装置的精度,保证连接同心度,利用数字图像处理系统结合伺服控制系统,对图像进行检测、识别、高精度位置控制以及高速度的完成,实现装置的高精度自动对中。在系统的硬件电路设计中,主控制ARM芯片对采集的图像信号进行实时处理,计算出对中附件偏离中心线的精确距离,实现前后、左右、上下的自动对中功能。同时,利用ARM技术控制对中电机的运动,使自动对中能力能更快更稳定的完成,外加大容量FLASH芯片存储采集的数据。并且外扩以太网接口,SD卡插槽,串口通信等功能,实现装置多功能化。最后通过光电转速传感器采集驱动主轴上光电编码圈输出的转速信号,并反馈到ARM控制系统中,再通过ARM控制系统对驱动部分实现控制,达到检测要求的转速,解决了整台装置的转速控制问题。
全文共分六章,重点介绍了嵌入式系统的硬、软件设计和数字图像处理技术的算法分析。第一章是绪论部分,介绍了课题的来源背景,国内外的研究现状,以及研究的目的和方法。第二章介绍了该检测装置的基本工作原理和嵌入式系统的发展概况。第三章重点阐述了数字图像处理技术,分析了当前比较流行和适用的算法。第四章为控制系统的硬件设计,主要介绍了硬件的整体设计模型,微处理器及其周边电路的设计。第五章为系统软件设计,主要介绍了系统整体程序设计思想,数字图像程序设计,自动对中程序设计和转速测量程序设计等。第六章给出了测量结果,并对数据结果进行分析总结。
最后,对本课题做了总结,并对基于ARM的电机转速测量器件高精度检测装置做出了展望。
图[45]表[7]参[43]
In China, the energy issue is very popular in nowadays, the Inefficient use of energy is a major cause of it. Motor industry is no exception, According to statistics, China's total installed capacity of various types of motors is 420 million KW, the consumption of electricity is more than one trillion KWh, accounting for the proportion of annual electricity consumption of more than 60%. Imagine, if increase 1% in motor efficiency, it would save more than 10 billion KWh of electricity. Nowadays, all kinds of new motor appeared on the market continuously, they are all called that they have high energy efficiency, but how is the extent of energy efficient about these motors, it may need professional electrical testing equipment for testing demonstration. And this test device in the current market is mainly characteristics of torque and rotational speed detection device, therefore, whether the own technical indicator meets the requirement of torque and rotational speed detecting device becomes especially important.
This article on the subject has developed a device, the use of ARM technology, which used to detect motor speed measuring device. Judge the device whether arrive the technical specifications, and provides a strong protection for the market, it provides a strong technical basis for the motor manufacturing and motor efficiency.
The device can detect the real time, and it can display the current actual speed and the ability of automatic centering. To improve the accuracy of detection devices and ensure connectivity concentricity, the article uses digital image processing system and servo control system. In order to achieve high-precision automatic centering and the completion of high-speed, the article used the image detection, identification, high-precision position control. In the system of hardware circuit design, the main control ARM chips collected in real-time image signal processing to calculate the right of the annex to deviate from the centerline of the exact distance, achieve around about the automatic right of the upper and lower function. At the same time, the use of ARM technology to control movement of the motor, so that the ability to automatically be able to be completed faster and more stable, and use external FLASH chip memory to increase capacity of the data collected. What's more, the used of external expansion Ethernet interface, SD card slot, serial communication and other functions achieve the devices of multifunction. Finally, it adopt the output signal,which come from the encoder ring of speed sensor, and feed back to the ARM control system, then the ARM control the drive part,achieve the speed of testing requirements,resolve the speed problem of the entire units.
This article is divided into six chapters. It focuses on embedded systems hardware and software design and the analysis of algorithms of digital image processing technology. The first chapter is the introduction section. It describes the source, background and the status quo at home and abroad of the subject, as well as research purposes and methods. The second chapter describes the basic working principle of detection devices and development overview of embedded system. Chapter III focuses on digital image processing techniques, analysis of the current popular and applied algorithms. Chapter IV is the hardware design of control system, which introduces the overall design of the hardware model, a microprocessor and its peripheral circuit design. Chapter V is the software design of system, which mainly describes the system as a whole program design ideas, digital image programming, automatic speed measurement in program design and program design. Chapter VI gives the measurement results, and the data analyzed and summarized the results.
Finally, made a summary of this topic, and ARM-based motor speed measurement devices has made high-precision test device prospects.
Figure [45] table [7] reference [43]
引文
[1]谭建成等.电机控制专用集成电路[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1997
[2]余苏胜.微电机电气性能智能测试系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2001
[3]何秀伟.电机测试技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1985
[4]麦俊杰.电机转矩转速模糊控制器[M]。浙江：浙江大学,2003
[5]印保靖等.转矩转速测量装置转速特性检测方法的研究[J].上海计量测试,2006(6)：14-16
[6]吴房胜,欧阳名三.数字图像处理技术在高精度自动对中装置中的研究[J].煤炭工程,2009(1)：110-112
[7]嵌入式系统.http://baike.baidu.com/view/6115.html?wtp=tt,2009-12-26
[8]毛德操,胡希明.嵌入式系统.浙江[M]：浙江大学出版社,2003
[9]嵌入式系统发展.http://www.automation.com.cn/qushi.htm,2009-12-8
[10]吕京建,肖海桥.面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述[M].中国单片机公共实验室(BOL)
[11]Wolf.Computer Ascomponents Principles of Embedded system Design[M].PrlncCton University,USA,2003
[12]张大波.嵌入式系统原理、设计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[13]姚敏.数字图像处理[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[14]尹建新.基于计算机视觉木材表面缺陷检测方法研究[D].浙江：浙江工业大学,2007：22-23
[15]沈全鹏.基于数字图像处理的车牌定位研究[D].广东：广东工业大学,2007：6-30
[16]于彬.基于数字图像处理的陶瓷瓶裂纹检测研究[D].湖北：武汉理工大学,2007：5-6
[17]张文俊.基于数字图像处理的水晶晶片缺陷检测[D].江苏：南京理工大学,2007：4
[18]Fiorini P, Shiller Z. Motion planning in dynamic environments using Velocity obstacles[J]. The International Journal of Robotics Research,1998,17(7):760-772.
[19]数字图像处理的优点.http://www.crter.org/Html/2008_9_26/2_2379_2008_9_26_6400. html,2008-9-26
[20]Keneth R Castleman. Digital image Processing[M]. Prentice Hall International Inc,1998
[21]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001
[22]冈萨雷斯。数字图像处理(MATLAB版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[23]谢凤英,赵丹培.Visual C++数字图像处理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[24]金明华.用于视觉定位的合作目标识别图像处理方法研究[D].沈阳：中科院沈阳自动化研究所,2002
[25]吴纪国。数字图像处理技术在几何量精密测量中的应用研究[D].北京：中国工程物理研究院,2005：9-12
[26]CHOW C K,KANEKO T. Boundary Detection of Radiographic Images by a Threshold Method[M]. New York:Academic,1972
[27]ROSENFELDA,KAK A C.Digital Picture Processing[M].New York Academic Press,1976
[28]黄石安.基于数字图像处理的圆形检测[D].南京：南京理工大学,2006
[29]CHEN J S, HUERTAS A, MEDIONI G. Fast Convolution with Laplacian-of-Gaussian Masks[J]. IEEE Trans on PAMI,1987,9(4):584
[30]Davis,P., Emmott, N., Ayland, N. License Plate recognition technology For toll violation enforcement. IEE Colloquium on Image Analysis for TransPort APPlication,1990
[31]崔锦泰[美].程正兴译。小波分析导论[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1995
[32]连锦湮.机器计算机视觉的应用—打孔机影像定位系统设计[J].今日电子,2006：83-86
[33]马志晶译.S3C2440A中文手册.PDF.电子技术论坛,2007
[34]32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR S3C2410X Rev.1.2 S3-C2410X-052003, PDF
[35]Samsung Electronics Co. S3C2410X 32 bit Microprocessor User Manuel.2003
[36]MINI2440用户手册.PDF.广州友善之臂有限公司.,2007
[37]DM9000 简介. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1823556.htm?fr=ala0_1,2009-10-14
[38]4Banks x 4M x 16Bit Synchronous DRAM HY57V561620(L)T Rev.1.8/Apr.01,PDF
[39]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[40]NAND FLASH. http://baike.baidu.com/view/3064158.htm?fr=ala0_1,2009-12-9
[41]JTAG. http://baike.baidu.com/view/276735.htm?fr=ala0_1_1,2009-12-26
[42]VC302嵌入式视频捕捉卡说明书.武汉万德数码科技有限公司
[43]张恒.基于ARM的视觉定位技术研究[D].广东：广东工业大学,2007
[2]余苏胜.微电机电气性能智能测试系统的研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,2001
[3]何秀伟.电机测试技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1985
[4]麦俊杰.电机转矩转速模糊控制器[M]。浙江：浙江大学,2003
[5]印保靖等.转矩转速测量装置转速特性检测方法的研究[J].上海计量测试,2006(6)：14-16
[6]吴房胜,欧阳名三.数字图像处理技术在高精度自动对中装置中的研究[J].煤炭工程,2009(1)：110-112
[7]嵌入式系统.http://baike.baidu.com/view/6115.html?wtp=tt,2009-12-26
[8]毛德操,胡希明.嵌入式系统.浙江[M]：浙江大学出版社,2003
[9]嵌入式系统发展.http://www.automation.com.cn/qushi.htm,2009-12-8
[10]吕京建,肖海桥.面向二十一世纪的嵌入式系统综述[M].中国单片机公共实验室(BOL)
[11]Wolf.Computer Ascomponents Principles of Embedded system Design[M].PrlncCton University,USA,2003
[12]张大波.嵌入式系统原理、设计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[13]姚敏.数字图像处理[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[14]尹建新.基于计算机视觉木材表面缺陷检测方法研究[D].浙江：浙江工业大学,2007：22-23
[15]沈全鹏.基于数字图像处理的车牌定位研究[D].广东：广东工业大学,2007：6-30
[16]于彬.基于数字图像处理的陶瓷瓶裂纹检测研究[D].湖北：武汉理工大学,2007：5-6
[17]张文俊.基于数字图像处理的水晶晶片缺陷检测[D].江苏：南京理工大学,2007：4
[18]Fiorini P, Shiller Z. Motion planning in dynamic environments using Velocity obstacles[J]. The International Journal of Robotics Research,1998,17(7):760-772.
[19]数字图像处理的优点.http://www.crter.org/Html/2008_9_26/2_2379_2008_9_26_6400. html,2008-9-26
[20]Keneth R Castleman. Digital image Processing[M]. Prentice Hall International Inc,1998
[21]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001
[22]冈萨雷斯。数字图像处理(MATLAB版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[23]谢凤英,赵丹培.Visual C++数字图像处理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006
[24]金明华.用于视觉定位的合作目标识别图像处理方法研究[D].沈阳：中科院沈阳自动化研究所,2002
[25]吴纪国。数字图像处理技术在几何量精密测量中的应用研究[D].北京：中国工程物理研究院,2005：9-12
[26]CHOW C K,KANEKO T. Boundary Detection of Radiographic Images by a Threshold Method[M]. New York:Academic,1972
[27]ROSENFELDA,KAK A C.Digital Picture Processing[M].New York Academic Press,1976
[28]黄石安.基于数字图像处理的圆形检测[D].南京：南京理工大学,2006
[29]CHEN J S, HUERTAS A, MEDIONI G. Fast Convolution with Laplacian-of-Gaussian Masks[J]. IEEE Trans on PAMI,1987,9(4):584
[30]Davis,P., Emmott, N., Ayland, N. License Plate recognition technology For toll violation enforcement. IEE Colloquium on Image Analysis for TransPort APPlication,1990
[31]崔锦泰[美].程正兴译。小波分析导论[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1995
[32]连锦湮.机器计算机视觉的应用—打孔机影像定位系统设计[J].今日电子,2006：83-86
[33]马志晶译.S3C2440A中文手册.PDF.电子技术论坛,2007
[34]32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR S3C2410X Rev.1.2 S3-C2410X-052003, PDF
[35]Samsung Electronics Co. S3C2410X 32 bit Microprocessor User Manuel.2003
[36]MINI2440用户手册.PDF.广州友善之臂有限公司.,2007
[37]DM9000 简介. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1823556.htm?fr=ala0_1,2009-10-14
[38]4Banks x 4M x 16Bit Synchronous DRAM HY57V561620(L)T Rev.1.8/Apr.01,PDF
[39]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[40]NAND FLASH. http://baike.baidu.com/view/3064158.htm?fr=ala0_1,2009-12-9
[41]JTAG. http://baike.baidu.com/view/276735.htm?fr=ala0_1_1,2009-12-26
[42]VC302嵌入式视频捕捉卡说明书.武汉万德数码科技有限公司
[43]张恒.基于ARM的视觉定位技术研究[D].广东：广东工业大学,2007