矮生彩色针叶树扦插繁殖年龄效应及栽培技术研究
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摘要
矮生彩色针叶树是近年来从国外引种的园林绿化新品种,针对其扦插繁殖困难、穗条产量低、生长缓慢等难题,本文重点进行了扦插繁殖年龄效应及其机理的研究,并通过修剪和施肥等措施以幼化和提高插穗的质量,为采穗圃营建提供理论和技术支撑。同时研究了扦插苗施肥方案,以增加生长量,缩短出圃时间。该研究对针叶树的无性繁殖具有重要的理论和实际应用价值。主要研究结果如下：
扦插试验表明,‘西科斯’杂种紫杉(Taxus×media'Hicksii')和‘夏日金’欧洲紫杉(T. baccata'Summergold')采用下部穗条,在100-200mg·L-1的IBA溶液中浸泡6h后,生根表现最好。‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏(Juniperus cummunis'Depressa Aurea')的扦插生根率和生根表现随着母株年龄的增大而降低；插穗规格对生根有显著性影响,以大插穗较好。‘金叶’鹿角桧(J.×media 'Pfitzeriana Aurea')年龄效应明显,随母株株龄的增大,生根所需时间延长,生根率和根系质量下降。同时,二者扦插苗的生长速度也随母株年龄的增大而下降。
对‘金叶’鹿角桧扦插繁殖的年龄效应机理进行了研究,结果表明：(1)大龄母株的生根进程比幼龄母株缓慢,生根率降低。(2)不同株龄母株插穗叶片内的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质的变化规律较为一致,但生根区域内的变化趋势略有不同；并且三种物质在叶片和生根区域内的变化趋势常常相反。(3)不同株龄母株间的POD和PPO活性在生根进程中变化不同可能是导致年龄效应的原因,IAAO活性不断升高可能是导致‘金叶’鹿角桧生根困难的原因。(4)ABA和GA抑制‘金叶’鹿角桧插穗生根,IAA/ABA和IAA/GA可以作为衡量插穗生根能力的标志。
‘金叶’鹿角桧采穗圃管理技术研究表明：(1)修剪对插穗质量、扦插苗生长速度和株型培育均有显著影响。随着修剪程度加重,生根率和根系质量得到改善；扦插苗生长速度加快；一级侧枝增长、二二级侧枝数量增多。(2)不同株型对穗条产量和生根表现影响较小,目前以圆柱式母株表现较好。(3)施肥对提高穗条产量的作用不大,但有助于改善生根表现。
对‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏进行3414施肥试验。结果表明：(1)‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏的高生长节律符合Logistic生长曲线。(2)施肥处理可以促进生长,不同元素的重要程度依次为氮>钾>磷；不同元素间存在交互作用,但交互作用较小；钾肥能够促使苗木提前停止生长,不宜过早施用。(4)由回归方程可知,氮肥的适宜用量为950-1350mg·L-1,钾肥的适宜用量为330-360mg·L-1,磷肥的适宜用量为0.031mg·L-1。
Dwarf colorful conifers were the new cultivars in landscaping which were introduced from abroad. Inorder to solve the problems of the difficulties of cutting propagation, the low yield of cuttings and slow growth, the age effect and mechanism of cutting propagation were studied. Pruning and fertilization could inprove the cuttings quatilty, and they could provide theoretical support and technical guidance. Meanwhile, the fertilization to cuttings was researched in order to increase growth and shorten the time of cultivation. This study has an important theory and application value for vegetative propagation of conifers. The main results are shown as follows:
The cutting experiment indicated that, the cuttings form the base part of Taxus X media'Hicksii'and T. baccata'Summergold'rooted better when they were dipped in the IB A solution of100-200mg· L-1for six hours. With the increase of age, the rooting rate and performance of Juniperus cummunis'Depressa Aurea'declined, and cutting grade had a significant effect on rooting; the bigger grade cuttings should be choosed. J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'showed a significant age effect, the time required for rooting became longer, the rooting rate and quality declined with the increase of stock age. Meanwhile, the cuttings from the yonger stock grew faster than that from the older ones.
The age effect mechanism during rooting of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'was studied in this work, the findings indicated that,(1) the rooting rate declined and rooting processs delayed as the increase of stock age,(2) the soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein in the needles of different age of stock showed similar changes, but there was a little difference in the rooting area, meanwhile, the change trends between the needles and rooting area were usually opposite.(3) the activity of POD and PPO among differern age stock changed differently during rooting which may cause age effect, and the rooting difficulty of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'may be related to the higher IAAO activity during rooting.(4) the rooting of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea' were inhibited by ABA and GA, IAA/ABA and IAA/GA could be used as the marker of rooting ability.
The study on the management of J.×media' Pfitzeriana Aurea' cutting orchard showed that:(1) pruning had a significant effect on the cutting quality, the growth rate of cutting seedlings and the plant type. With the increaseing of pruning levels, the rooting rate and the quality of root increased, the growth rate of cuttings become faster, the length of the first lateral branches become longer, and the number of the second lateral branches increased.(2) different plant type had little effect on the production of cuttings and rooting characters, cylindrical type plant performanted better at present.(3) fertilization had little effect on increasing cutting yield, but could improve rooting performance.
The3414fertilization experiment was implemented on J. cummunis'Depressa Aurea', The results were that,(1) the height growth rhythm of J. cummunis'Depressa Aurea' fitted the logistic growth curve,(2) fertilization could promote growth, and the importance of different nutrient elements was N>K>P, there were interactions between different elements, while they were small, potassium could make the cutting seedlings stop growing in advance, and should not be used very early.(4) as the ergression equations showed, the suitable amount of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was950-1350mg·L-1,330-360mg·L-1, and0.031mg·L-1respectively.
扦插试验表明,‘西科斯’杂种紫杉(Taxus×media'Hicksii')和‘夏日金’欧洲紫杉(T. baccata'Summergold')采用下部穗条,在100-200mg·L-1的IBA溶液中浸泡6h后,生根表现最好。‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏(Juniperus cummunis'Depressa Aurea')的扦插生根率和生根表现随着母株年龄的增大而降低；插穗规格对生根有显著性影响,以大插穗较好。‘金叶’鹿角桧(J.×media 'Pfitzeriana Aurea')年龄效应明显,随母株株龄的增大,生根所需时间延长,生根率和根系质量下降。同时,二者扦插苗的生长速度也随母株年龄的增大而下降。
对‘金叶’鹿角桧扦插繁殖的年龄效应机理进行了研究,结果表明：(1)大龄母株的生根进程比幼龄母株缓慢,生根率降低。(2)不同株龄母株插穗叶片内的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质的变化规律较为一致,但生根区域内的变化趋势略有不同；并且三种物质在叶片和生根区域内的变化趋势常常相反。(3)不同株龄母株间的POD和PPO活性在生根进程中变化不同可能是导致年龄效应的原因,IAAO活性不断升高可能是导致‘金叶’鹿角桧生根困难的原因。(4)ABA和GA抑制‘金叶’鹿角桧插穗生根,IAA/ABA和IAA/GA可以作为衡量插穗生根能力的标志。
‘金叶’鹿角桧采穗圃管理技术研究表明：(1)修剪对插穗质量、扦插苗生长速度和株型培育均有显著影响。随着修剪程度加重,生根率和根系质量得到改善；扦插苗生长速度加快；一级侧枝增长、二二级侧枝数量增多。(2)不同株型对穗条产量和生根表现影响较小,目前以圆柱式母株表现较好。(3)施肥对提高穗条产量的作用不大,但有助于改善生根表现。
对‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏进行3414施肥试验。结果表明：(1)‘金叶疏枝’欧洲刺柏的高生长节律符合Logistic生长曲线。(2)施肥处理可以促进生长,不同元素的重要程度依次为氮>钾>磷；不同元素间存在交互作用,但交互作用较小；钾肥能够促使苗木提前停止生长,不宜过早施用。(4)由回归方程可知,氮肥的适宜用量为950-1350mg·L-1,钾肥的适宜用量为330-360mg·L-1,磷肥的适宜用量为0.031mg·L-1。
Dwarf colorful conifers were the new cultivars in landscaping which were introduced from abroad. Inorder to solve the problems of the difficulties of cutting propagation, the low yield of cuttings and slow growth, the age effect and mechanism of cutting propagation were studied. Pruning and fertilization could inprove the cuttings quatilty, and they could provide theoretical support and technical guidance. Meanwhile, the fertilization to cuttings was researched in order to increase growth and shorten the time of cultivation. This study has an important theory and application value for vegetative propagation of conifers. The main results are shown as follows:
The cutting experiment indicated that, the cuttings form the base part of Taxus X media'Hicksii'and T. baccata'Summergold'rooted better when they were dipped in the IB A solution of100-200mg· L-1for six hours. With the increase of age, the rooting rate and performance of Juniperus cummunis'Depressa Aurea'declined, and cutting grade had a significant effect on rooting; the bigger grade cuttings should be choosed. J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'showed a significant age effect, the time required for rooting became longer, the rooting rate and quality declined with the increase of stock age. Meanwhile, the cuttings from the yonger stock grew faster than that from the older ones.
The age effect mechanism during rooting of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'was studied in this work, the findings indicated that,(1) the rooting rate declined and rooting processs delayed as the increase of stock age,(2) the soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein in the needles of different age of stock showed similar changes, but there was a little difference in the rooting area, meanwhile, the change trends between the needles and rooting area were usually opposite.(3) the activity of POD and PPO among differern age stock changed differently during rooting which may cause age effect, and the rooting difficulty of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea'may be related to the higher IAAO activity during rooting.(4) the rooting of J.×media'Pfitzeriana Aurea' were inhibited by ABA and GA, IAA/ABA and IAA/GA could be used as the marker of rooting ability.
The study on the management of J.×media' Pfitzeriana Aurea' cutting orchard showed that:(1) pruning had a significant effect on the cutting quality, the growth rate of cutting seedlings and the plant type. With the increaseing of pruning levels, the rooting rate and the quality of root increased, the growth rate of cuttings become faster, the length of the first lateral branches become longer, and the number of the second lateral branches increased.(2) different plant type had little effect on the production of cuttings and rooting characters, cylindrical type plant performanted better at present.(3) fertilization had little effect on increasing cutting yield, but could improve rooting performance.
The3414fertilization experiment was implemented on J. cummunis'Depressa Aurea', The results were that,(1) the height growth rhythm of J. cummunis'Depressa Aurea' fitted the logistic growth curve,(2) fertilization could promote growth, and the importance of different nutrient elements was N>K>P, there were interactions between different elements, while they were small, potassium could make the cutting seedlings stop growing in advance, and should not be used very early.(4) as the ergression equations showed, the suitable amount of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was950-1350mg·L-1,330-360mg·L-1, and0.031mg·L-1respectively.
引文
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