以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟理论研究
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摘要
近年来,医药物流成本过高成为导致医药产品价格高企的重要原因之一。为了降低医药物流成本,医药生产企业与医药物流企业建立物流联盟将是未来一段时期的重点发展方向。建立以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟,一方面将有利于整合社会物流资源,降低医药物流成本,进而降低医药产品价格,受惠于民；另一方面将有利于医药生产企业从物流经营中脱身而出,集中力量进行医药产品的研发与生产,增强企业的核心竞争力。因此,研究以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟理论具有十分重要的意义。
本文以联盟的“筹备一组建一运行”这一顺序为主线,研究了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟基础理论。首先从分析医药物流的特殊性和以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟形成动因等问题入手,然后针对合作伙伴选择、基础设施建设、利益分配、信任关系、绩效评价等多个方面展开研究,构建了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟的理论体系。本文所做的主要工作如下：
(1)在分析医药物流特殊性和我国传统医药物流渠道模式的基础上,提出了我国现代医药物流的主要渠道模式,探讨了我国医药生产企业的主要物流实现模式,分析了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟的主要特点及组织形式,阐述了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟形成的动因。
(2)分析了医药物流市场机遇的识别原则、内容与途径,建立了基于实物期权分析理论的医药物流市场机遇评估模型,分析了医药生产企业把握物流市场机遇的条件；在对三种医药物流实现模式分析的基础上,提出基于LC-NPV法的物流模式选择模型。实例分析结果表明,医药生产企业采取与医药物流企业建立物流联盟的模式是其最优的物流实现模式。
(3)针对医药物流联盟合作伙伴选择中存在的信息不对称问题,设计了合作伙伴基本状况显示机制,从而增强了合作伙伴选择实效性；针对合作伙伴选择过程中评估者可能存在不同偏好评估信息,建立了基于多种偏好信息的合作伙伴群决策模型,并进行了实例验证。
(4)针对医药物流联盟基础设施建设中的物流中心选址和基础设施投资分摊问题,建立了基于联盟效应最大化的物流中心选址模型和基于最优化组合方法的联盟基础设施投资分摊模型。
(5)分析了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟利益来源,提出了医药物流联盟的利益分配原则,建立了不对称信息下的医药物流联盟利益分配模型,该模型能有效协调联盟与成员企业之间的利益关系。
(6)以系统动力学理论为基础,对医药物流联盟信任影响因素进行了因果分析,构建了联盟信任发展动力图,并从演化博弈的角度对联盟信任运行机制进行了分析。
(7)在分析医药物流联盟绩效评价的特殊性的基础上,构建了医药物流联盟绩效评价指标体系；构建了基于DHGA算法的医药物流联盟绩效评价模型,并进行了实例分析。
In recent years, the high cost of medical logistics is one of important reasons of contributing to high pharmaceutical product price. In order to effectively reduce medical logistics cost, it will be the key development direction in future for medical manufacturing enterprises and medical logistics enterprises to establish medical logistics alliance. To establishing medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises, will be of great advantages in two aspects:It will help to integrate social logistics resources, reduce medical logistics cost and then reduce price of medical product, which will benefit the people at final; It will help medical manufacturing enterprises free from logistics management and then to concentrate on medicine research, development and production, which will enhance the core competitiveness of medicine production enterprises. Therefore, it will be of very important significance to study the basic theory of medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises.
On the line of "arrangement-organization-running" of the alliance, this dissertation studies the basic theory of the medical logistics alliance. By probing into the particularity of medical logistics, the cause of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises, partner selection, infrastructure construction, benefit distribution, trust relation, performance evaluation and some other aspects, a theoretical framework is developed for the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises. The main works are just as follows:
(1) By analyzing of the particularity of the medical logistics and the Chinese traditional medical logistics channel mode, the main channel mode is proposed for the modern medicine logistics in China. The main logistics modes for the Chinese medicine production enterprises are discussed. The main characteristics and organizational form of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises are analyzed, and the cause of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises is illustrated.
(2) The principle, content and method of recognizing the medical logistics market opportunity are analyzed. A model for evaluating the medical logistics market opportunity is developed based on the theory of real option analysis. The conditions for the medicine production enterprise to grasp grasp the logistics market opportunity are discussed. By analyzing three different modes of implementing medical logistics, a logistics mode selection model is established based on the LC-NPV method. The case study shows that, the best logistics implementation mode is that the medicine production enterprises and the medicine logistics enterprises establish logistics alliance.
(3) On the problem of asymmetric information existing in the partner selection for the medical logistics alliance, a mechanism showing the partner's basic status is designed, which is shown to enhance the effectiveness in partner selection. On the problem that there may exist different preference evaluation information in the process of partner selection for different assessors, a partner group decision model is established based on a variety of preference information, and an example is used to demonstrated its feasibility and effectiveness.
(4) To solve the logistics center location problem and the infrastructure investment allocation problem in the process of infrastructure construction for medical logistics alliance, a logistics center location model is developed that maximizes the alliance utility, and an infrastructure investment allocation model of the alliance is developed based on the combination optimization method.
(5) The sources of benefits for the medicine logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises are analyzed. The principle of interest distribution for the medical logistics alliance is put forward. A model for interest distribution is established under the asymmetric information conditions, which is shown to harmonize the beneficial relations in between the logistics alliance and its members.
(6) Based on system dynamics theory, the cause and effect of the trust influence factors is analyzed for the medical logistics alliance. The dynamics development of alliance trust is figured out. From the perspective of evolutionary game, the operation mechanism of alliance trust is analyzed.
(7) Based on the analysis of the particularity of the performance evaluation of medical logistics alliance, a performance evaluation index system is established for the medical logistics alliance. A medical logistics alliance performance evaluation model is constructed based on DHGA algorithm and a case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.
本文以联盟的“筹备一组建一运行”这一顺序为主线,研究了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟基础理论。首先从分析医药物流的特殊性和以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟形成动因等问题入手,然后针对合作伙伴选择、基础设施建设、利益分配、信任关系、绩效评价等多个方面展开研究,构建了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟的理论体系。本文所做的主要工作如下：
(1)在分析医药物流特殊性和我国传统医药物流渠道模式的基础上,提出了我国现代医药物流的主要渠道模式,探讨了我国医药生产企业的主要物流实现模式,分析了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟的主要特点及组织形式,阐述了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟形成的动因。
(2)分析了医药物流市场机遇的识别原则、内容与途径,建立了基于实物期权分析理论的医药物流市场机遇评估模型,分析了医药生产企业把握物流市场机遇的条件；在对三种医药物流实现模式分析的基础上,提出基于LC-NPV法的物流模式选择模型。实例分析结果表明,医药生产企业采取与医药物流企业建立物流联盟的模式是其最优的物流实现模式。
(3)针对医药物流联盟合作伙伴选择中存在的信息不对称问题,设计了合作伙伴基本状况显示机制,从而增强了合作伙伴选择实效性；针对合作伙伴选择过程中评估者可能存在不同偏好评估信息,建立了基于多种偏好信息的合作伙伴群决策模型,并进行了实例验证。
(4)针对医药物流联盟基础设施建设中的物流中心选址和基础设施投资分摊问题,建立了基于联盟效应最大化的物流中心选址模型和基于最优化组合方法的联盟基础设施投资分摊模型。
(5)分析了以生产企业为核心的医药物流联盟利益来源,提出了医药物流联盟的利益分配原则,建立了不对称信息下的医药物流联盟利益分配模型,该模型能有效协调联盟与成员企业之间的利益关系。
(6)以系统动力学理论为基础,对医药物流联盟信任影响因素进行了因果分析,构建了联盟信任发展动力图,并从演化博弈的角度对联盟信任运行机制进行了分析。
(7)在分析医药物流联盟绩效评价的特殊性的基础上,构建了医药物流联盟绩效评价指标体系；构建了基于DHGA算法的医药物流联盟绩效评价模型,并进行了实例分析。
In recent years, the high cost of medical logistics is one of important reasons of contributing to high pharmaceutical product price. In order to effectively reduce medical logistics cost, it will be the key development direction in future for medical manufacturing enterprises and medical logistics enterprises to establish medical logistics alliance. To establishing medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises, will be of great advantages in two aspects:It will help to integrate social logistics resources, reduce medical logistics cost and then reduce price of medical product, which will benefit the people at final; It will help medical manufacturing enterprises free from logistics management and then to concentrate on medicine research, development and production, which will enhance the core competitiveness of medicine production enterprises. Therefore, it will be of very important significance to study the basic theory of medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises.
On the line of "arrangement-organization-running" of the alliance, this dissertation studies the basic theory of the medical logistics alliance. By probing into the particularity of medical logistics, the cause of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises, partner selection, infrastructure construction, benefit distribution, trust relation, performance evaluation and some other aspects, a theoretical framework is developed for the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises. The main works are just as follows:
(1) By analyzing of the particularity of the medical logistics and the Chinese traditional medical logistics channel mode, the main channel mode is proposed for the modern medicine logistics in China. The main logistics modes for the Chinese medicine production enterprises are discussed. The main characteristics and organizational form of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises are analyzed, and the cause of the medical logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises is illustrated.
(2) The principle, content and method of recognizing the medical logistics market opportunity are analyzed. A model for evaluating the medical logistics market opportunity is developed based on the theory of real option analysis. The conditions for the medicine production enterprise to grasp grasp the logistics market opportunity are discussed. By analyzing three different modes of implementing medical logistics, a logistics mode selection model is established based on the LC-NPV method. The case study shows that, the best logistics implementation mode is that the medicine production enterprises and the medicine logistics enterprises establish logistics alliance.
(3) On the problem of asymmetric information existing in the partner selection for the medical logistics alliance, a mechanism showing the partner's basic status is designed, which is shown to enhance the effectiveness in partner selection. On the problem that there may exist different preference evaluation information in the process of partner selection for different assessors, a partner group decision model is established based on a variety of preference information, and an example is used to demonstrated its feasibility and effectiveness.
(4) To solve the logistics center location problem and the infrastructure investment allocation problem in the process of infrastructure construction for medical logistics alliance, a logistics center location model is developed that maximizes the alliance utility, and an infrastructure investment allocation model of the alliance is developed based on the combination optimization method.
(5) The sources of benefits for the medicine logistics alliance dominated by medical manufacturing enterprises are analyzed. The principle of interest distribution for the medical logistics alliance is put forward. A model for interest distribution is established under the asymmetric information conditions, which is shown to harmonize the beneficial relations in between the logistics alliance and its members.
(6) Based on system dynamics theory, the cause and effect of the trust influence factors is analyzed for the medical logistics alliance. The dynamics development of alliance trust is figured out. From the perspective of evolutionary game, the operation mechanism of alliance trust is analyzed.
(7) Based on the analysis of the particularity of the performance evaluation of medical logistics alliance, a performance evaluation index system is established for the medical logistics alliance. A medical logistics alliance performance evaluation model is constructed based on DHGA algorithm and a case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.
引文
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