基于循环延迟分集的协同通信系统设计与关键技术研究
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摘要
协同通信系统中各相邻节点以协作的方式共享中继的多根天线,构成虚拟的天线阵列,可以有效的克服无线信道对信号的衰落作用,获得了分集增益和复用增益,提高了通信系统的传输速率和可靠性能。但是传统的基于空时编码的协同系统在实际通信中的协议过程过于复杂,不仅需要中心节点给各中继节点指定具体的矩阵发送形式,而且需要中继节点的选择以获得较好的通信质量。循环延迟分集技术以其实现简单、编码速率高、无需改变现有接收机结构等优点,已被LTE-Advanced选作一种物理层传输技术。基于循环延迟分集技术的协同通信不仅简化了传统协同通信中复杂的协议过程,而且各个中继节点都可以在任意的信道环境中以静默的方式加入到协同过程,硬件上也易于实现。
本文围绕基于循环延迟分集技术的协同通信中的关键技术进行了分析和研究。主要研究内容如下:
1.在介绍循环延迟分集原理的基础上,具体分析了循环延迟分集的系统模型、循环延迟分集的引入对信道和信号的影响以及循环延迟量的选取对性能的影响。然后基于对前人工作的总结,提出了一种改进的循环延迟量的选取方法,该方法不需要判断发送天线序号。最后把循环延迟分集应用在MIMO-OFDM系统中,并与传统的STBC-OFDM进行了性能仿真以及分析比较。
2.分析了基于循环延迟分集的协同通信系统的模型,在介绍了多径信道对协同CDD信号影响的基础上,首先仿真了一种适合CDD传输的信道估计算法,然后在此基础上进行了改进,并分别在非协同和协同场景下进行仿真,可以看出该算法对于残余频偏具有良好的鲁棒性。
3.仿真了多频偏对协同CDD性能的影响,然后基于非反馈的系统模型,把OSPIC检测算法和迭代干扰抵消检测算法应用在协同CDD信号检测中,最后针对实际场景进行仿真和算法的复杂度分析。
4.研究了时变循环延迟分集(Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity, TV-CDD)技术,并把TV-CDD应用在协同通信中,设计了实用的仿真平台,针对不同应用场景对协同系统性能进行了仿真验证工作。
By sharing antennas of neighboring nodes in a cooperative manner to construct a virtual environment, cooperative communication systems can combat the signal fading caused by wireless channels effectively. The single-antenna based cooperative system acquires spatial diversity gain and multiplexing gain, as well as the transmission efficiency and reliability. The traditional Space-Time Coding based cooperative communication systems can not be widely applied in the existing point-to-point scenarios since its complex protocol for that the concrete sending matrix has to be assigned in every relay, but also the allocation of the relays for a better environment for communication. Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) has been adopted as a basic method for physical layer in LTE-Advanced owing to its simplicity in application, efficient coding ratio and conformable for the existing communication systems. In CDD based cooperative communication, the complex protocol can be avoided and the relays can join in the cooperative process in the manner of silence under any channel environment.
The object of this thesis is to have a research on the key technologies for the CDD based cooperative communications. The main subjects investigated are as follows:
1. On the basis of introducing the principle of CDD, the system model of CDD and its affect on the channel and the signal is analyzed briefly. After summarizing the existing choosing method for the cyclic shift, a measure that independent of the sending antenna index is proposed. Then we apply the CDD to MIMO-OFDM systems and compare it with the traditional STBC-OFDM system.
2. CDD based cooperative communication system model is discussed subsequently. The influence of multi-path channel on the CDD signal is introduced, and then the Winner Filter based channel estimation mechanism is proposed after the simulation and betterment of the estimation method suitable for CDD based transmission. After that we simulate the proposed algorithm under the circumstances of traditional scenario and the cooperative one, which prove the superiority of the algorithm in its robustness to CFOs.
3. The influence of multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFOs) on the system performance is investigated. Subsequently based on the model of none-feedback, we propose the signal detection algorithms, Ordered Successive Paralleled Interference Cancellation (OSPIC) and Iterative Interference Cancellation (IIC) under the scenario of cooperative communication; afterwards we simulate the detection algorithm in practical environment and have a research on the complexity.
4. Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity (TV-CDD) is discussed, and then we apply the Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity (TV-CDD) to cooperative communication under the circumstance of frequency selective channels, we design the practical simulation platform and simulate different parameters for practical scenarios.
本文围绕基于循环延迟分集技术的协同通信中的关键技术进行了分析和研究。主要研究内容如下:
1.在介绍循环延迟分集原理的基础上,具体分析了循环延迟分集的系统模型、循环延迟分集的引入对信道和信号的影响以及循环延迟量的选取对性能的影响。然后基于对前人工作的总结,提出了一种改进的循环延迟量的选取方法,该方法不需要判断发送天线序号。最后把循环延迟分集应用在MIMO-OFDM系统中,并与传统的STBC-OFDM进行了性能仿真以及分析比较。
2.分析了基于循环延迟分集的协同通信系统的模型,在介绍了多径信道对协同CDD信号影响的基础上,首先仿真了一种适合CDD传输的信道估计算法,然后在此基础上进行了改进,并分别在非协同和协同场景下进行仿真,可以看出该算法对于残余频偏具有良好的鲁棒性。
3.仿真了多频偏对协同CDD性能的影响,然后基于非反馈的系统模型,把OSPIC检测算法和迭代干扰抵消检测算法应用在协同CDD信号检测中,最后针对实际场景进行仿真和算法的复杂度分析。
4.研究了时变循环延迟分集(Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity, TV-CDD)技术,并把TV-CDD应用在协同通信中,设计了实用的仿真平台,针对不同应用场景对协同系统性能进行了仿真验证工作。
By sharing antennas of neighboring nodes in a cooperative manner to construct a virtual environment, cooperative communication systems can combat the signal fading caused by wireless channels effectively. The single-antenna based cooperative system acquires spatial diversity gain and multiplexing gain, as well as the transmission efficiency and reliability. The traditional Space-Time Coding based cooperative communication systems can not be widely applied in the existing point-to-point scenarios since its complex protocol for that the concrete sending matrix has to be assigned in every relay, but also the allocation of the relays for a better environment for communication. Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) has been adopted as a basic method for physical layer in LTE-Advanced owing to its simplicity in application, efficient coding ratio and conformable for the existing communication systems. In CDD based cooperative communication, the complex protocol can be avoided and the relays can join in the cooperative process in the manner of silence under any channel environment.
The object of this thesis is to have a research on the key technologies for the CDD based cooperative communications. The main subjects investigated are as follows:
1. On the basis of introducing the principle of CDD, the system model of CDD and its affect on the channel and the signal is analyzed briefly. After summarizing the existing choosing method for the cyclic shift, a measure that independent of the sending antenna index is proposed. Then we apply the CDD to MIMO-OFDM systems and compare it with the traditional STBC-OFDM system.
2. CDD based cooperative communication system model is discussed subsequently. The influence of multi-path channel on the CDD signal is introduced, and then the Winner Filter based channel estimation mechanism is proposed after the simulation and betterment of the estimation method suitable for CDD based transmission. After that we simulate the proposed algorithm under the circumstances of traditional scenario and the cooperative one, which prove the superiority of the algorithm in its robustness to CFOs.
3. The influence of multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFOs) on the system performance is investigated. Subsequently based on the model of none-feedback, we propose the signal detection algorithms, Ordered Successive Paralleled Interference Cancellation (OSPIC) and Iterative Interference Cancellation (IIC) under the scenario of cooperative communication; afterwards we simulate the detection algorithm in practical environment and have a research on the complexity.
4. Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity (TV-CDD) is discussed, and then we apply the Time Varying Cyclic Delay Diversity (TV-CDD) to cooperative communication under the circumstance of frequency selective channels, we design the practical simulation platform and simulate different parameters for practical scenarios.
引文
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[11] Jun Tan, Stvber. G. L. Multicarrier Delay Diversity Moudulation for MIMO System [J]. IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communication, 2004, vol. 3(5): 1756-1763.
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[30] Seungwon Choi, Jung-Hyun Park, Dong-Jo Park. Randomized Cyclic Delay Codefor Cooperative Communication Systems [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2008, vol. 11(4): 271-273.
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[32] Sili Lu, Naofal Al-Dhahir. Optimum Channel Estimation Pilot Design for CDD-OFDM with Application to DVB [C]. 42nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, 2008: 90-94.
[33] Kai Yan, Sheng Ding. A Simple Alamouti Space-Time Transmission Scheme for Asynchronous Cooperative Communications over Frequency-Selective Channels [C]. ICACT 2008: 1569-1572.
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[35] IEEE 802.16.3c-01/53 [C]. 2001.
[36] B. Seo and H. K. Chung, Improved Blind Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems[C]. IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2008: 1-2.
[37] Hutter A. A, Hasholzner R., Hammerschmidt J. S. Channel Estimation for Mobile OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1999, vol. 1: 305-309.
[38] Changho Suh, Chan-Soo Hwang and Hokyu Choi. Comparative Study of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE Int. Sympo. On Commun. Proc., 2003, vol. 2: 1095-1099.
[39] Richard Van Nee,Ramjee PraSad. OFDM Wireless Multimedia Communications [M]. Boston London:Artech House, 2000.
[40] Sinem Coleri, Mustafa Ergen, Anuj Puri. A Study of Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE VTC, 2002, vol. 2: 894-898.
[41] Gunther Auer, Stephan Sand and Armin Dammann. Comparision of Low Complexity OFDM Channel Estimation Techniques [C]. Proc. of Int. OFDM Workshop, 2003.
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[2]沈嘉,索士强,赵训威等. 3GPP长期演进(LTE)技术原理与系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008: 158-159.
[3] Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, Dhananjay A. Gore. An Overview of MIMO Communications-A Key to Gigabit Wireless [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, vol. 92(2): 198-218.
[4] Tse D N C, Viswanath P. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication [M]. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2005.
[5] Stefan Kaiser. Spatial Transmit Diversity Techniques for Broadband OFDM Systems [C]. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2000: 1824-1828.
[6] Da-shan Shiu, Joseph M. Kahn. Layered Space-Time Codes for Wireless Communications Using Multiple Transmit Antennas [C]. IEEE International conference on Communications, 1999. vol. 1: 436-440.
[7] Vahid Tarokh, Nambi Seshadri, A. Robert Calderbank. Space-time Codes for High Data Rate Wireless Communication: Performance Criterion and Code Construction [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1998, vol. 44(2): 744-764.
[8] Armin Dammann, Stefan Kaiser. Performance of Low Complex Antenna Diversity Techniques for Mobile OFDM Systems [J]. Proceedings 3rd International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum & Related Topics (MC-SS’2001), 2001: 53-64.
[9] Gerhard Bauch, Javed Shamim Malik. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access with Cyclic Delay Diversity [C]. ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, 2004: 17-24.
[10] Jin-Hyuk Song, Jee-Hoon Kim, Jung-In Baik, Hyoung-Kyu Song. A Simple Cooperative Cyclic Delay Diversity in Wireless Networks [C]. Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, 2008: 72-75.
[11] Jun Tan, Stvber. G. L. Multicarrier Delay Diversity Moudulation for MIMO System [J]. IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communication, 2004, vol. 3(5): 1756-1763.
[12] J. Nicholas Laneman, David N. C. Tse, Gregory W. Wornell. Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks: Efficient Protocols and Outage Behavior [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2004, vol. 50(12): 3062-3080.
[13] Liwen Yu, Andrej Stefanov. Cooperative space-time coding for MIMO OFDM systems [C]. Military Communications Conference, 2005, vol. 4: 990-995.
[14] Van der Meulen E C. Three-terminal Communication Channels [J]. Adv. Appl. Probab, 1971, vol. 3: 120-154.
[15] Sendonaris A, Erkip E, Aazhang B. Increasing Uplink Capacity via User Cooperation Diversity [C]. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Info. Th., 1998: 156-158.
[16] Bo Gui, Leonard J. Cimini, Jr. Lin Dai. OFDM for cooperative networking with limited channel state information [C]. MILCOM 2006, 2006: 1-6.
[17] 3GPP TR 36.814 v0.4.1. Further advancements for E-UTRA [S]. 2009.
[18] Laneman J N, Wornell G W. Exploiting Distributed Spatial Diversity in Wireless Networks [C]. Proc. IEEE Allerton Conf. Communications on Control and Computing, 2000: 1-10.
[19]郑侃,彭岳星,龙航等.协作通信及其在LTE-Advanced中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 2010: 1-6.
[20] Ni W, Shen G, Jin S. Cooperative Relay Approaches in IEEE 802.16j [R]. IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group, 2007: C802.16j-07/258r1, 2007.
[21] Hideki Ochiai, Vahid Tarokh. Space-time Diversity Enhancements Using Collaborative Communications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2005, vol. 51(6): 2041-2057.
[22] Dongwoo Lee, Jae Hong Lee. Cooperative Coding Using Cyclic Delay for Multiuser OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008: 574-578.
[23] M. Bossert, A. Huebner. On cyclic Delay Diversity in OFDM Based Transmission Schemes [C]. OFDM Workrhop, 2002.
[24] Yu-Jin Song, Jae-Seon Yoon, Hyoung-Kyu Song. Cooperative Hybrid Cyclic Delay Diversity Scheme in Dual-hop Wireless Networks [C]. Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, 2009: 1-5.
[25] Armin Dammann, Ronald Raulefs. Comparison of Space-Time Block Coding and Cyclic Delay Diversity for a Broadband Mobile Radio Air Interface [C]. 6th Int. Symp. Wireless personal multimedia communications, 2003.
[26] Simon Plass, Armin Dammann. Resulting Channel Characteristics from Time-varying Cyclic Delay Diversity in OFDM [C]. IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007: 1336-1440.
[27] David Gesbert, Mansoor Shafi. From theory to practice: An Overview of MIMO Space–time Coded Wireless Systems [J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2003. vol. 21(3): 281-302.
[28] Afzal Lodhi, Fatin Said. Performance Comparision of Space-time Block Coded and Cyclic Delay Diversity MC-CDMA systems [J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005, vol. 12(2): 38-45.
[29] I. Berenguer and X. Wang. Coding and Signal Processing for MIMO Communications - A Primer [J], Journal of Comp. Sci. and Tech. 2003, vol. 18(6).
[30] Seungwon Choi, Jung-Hyun Park, Dong-Jo Park. Randomized Cyclic Delay Codefor Cooperative Communication Systems [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2008, vol. 11(4): 271-273.
[31] Gerhard Bauch, Javed Shamim Malik. Cyclic Delay Diversity With Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access [J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2006, vol. 5(8): 2092-2100.
[32] Sili Lu, Naofal Al-Dhahir. Optimum Channel Estimation Pilot Design for CDD-OFDM with Application to DVB [C]. 42nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, 2008: 90-94.
[33] Kai Yan, Sheng Ding. A Simple Alamouti Space-Time Transmission Scheme for Asynchronous Cooperative Communications over Frequency-Selective Channels [C]. ICACT 2008: 1569-1572.
[34]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2009: 14-18.
[35] IEEE 802.16.3c-01/53 [C]. 2001.
[36] B. Seo and H. K. Chung, Improved Blind Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems[C]. IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2008: 1-2.
[37] Hutter A. A, Hasholzner R., Hammerschmidt J. S. Channel Estimation for Mobile OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, 1999, vol. 1: 305-309.
[38] Changho Suh, Chan-Soo Hwang and Hokyu Choi. Comparative Study of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE Int. Sympo. On Commun. Proc., 2003, vol. 2: 1095-1099.
[39] Richard Van Nee,Ramjee PraSad. OFDM Wireless Multimedia Communications [M]. Boston London:Artech House, 2000.
[40] Sinem Coleri, Mustafa Ergen, Anuj Puri. A Study of Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems [C]. IEEE VTC, 2002, vol. 2: 894-898.
[41] Gunther Auer, Stephan Sand and Armin Dammann. Comparision of Low Complexity OFDM Channel Estimation Techniques [C]. Proc. of Int. OFDM Workshop, 2003.
[42] Morelli M. Timing and Frequency Synchronization for the Uplink of an OFDMA System [J]. IEEE Trans. Commun. 2004, vol. 52 (2): 296-306.
[43] Yi lmaz ?zgür A. Cooperative Diversity in Carrier Frequency Offset [J]. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2007, vol. 11(4): 307-309.
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