陕北—关中段黄土湿陷性区域变化规律的研究
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摘要
中国黄土分布很广,大量工程建设在黄土地区进行,而黄土所具有的特殊性质—湿陷性是黄土地区的最典型的工程地质问题,常常对工程建设具有极大的破坏性。对黄土的湿陷性进行更进一步的研究至关重要。
本文针对黄土湿陷性的区域变化特点,自陕北—关中不同地貌单元下同一层位黄土取样七组。首先,在实验室进行常规分析及湿陷性测定,分析不同区域各项物性指标的变化趋势,及其与湿陷性存在的定性关系,得出自北向南湿陷性逐渐变小,天然含水量、密度、干密度、液限、塑限等物性指标增大,孔隙比、pH值和水溶盐含量变小。其次,对不同区域黄土进行切片,在偏光显微镜下观察其微结构,得出由北到南黄土微结构的变化为以细砂质接触胶结结构为主→粗粉砂质孔隙胶结为主→细—粗粉砂质基底—孔隙胶结结构为主,分析微结构变化与湿陷系数的相关关系;观察各种结构湿陷前后的变化特征,得出湿陷前后碎屑颗粒在水或外力的作用下其结构方式由支架接触逐渐向镶嵌接触过渡,孔隙比变小。再通过偏最小二乘法建立回归预测模型,对物性指标与湿陷系数进行定量分析,反映出物性指标与湿陷系数具有较好的相关性。最后,通过对微观结构与物性指标的分析,找出其对应关系,最终反映出两者在反映区域黄土湿陷性变化问题上的一致性。
Loess is widely distributed in China, there are plenty of projects processed in loess area,and the special character of loess--collapsibility is the most typical engineering geologicalproblem ,and destructively to project. So, the further study of collapsibility is very necessary.
The paper against the variety of loess collapsibility character has definite disciplinary in region, and divided Chinese loess to different region according to this disciplinary ,the collapsibility character is variable. This paper is sampling loess of the same depth from Northern ShaanXi - GuanZhong in loess plateau allusion to disciplinary of loess collapsibility , and 7 groups are sampled .At first ,the general analysis and collapsibility should be measured. Finding out the trend of every physics parameters (porosity ratio; natural moisture content; dry density; plasticity index; clay content).and qualitative relations between collapsibility and these parameters. Then, the quantitative analysis model of collapsibility and physics parameters is established using regress method. Consequently, speculate the trend of collapsibility based on the variable of physics index.
Secondly, through analyzing loess slice of different regions, microstructure is observed under micropolaricope. and find out the trend of loess microstructure and characteristic of every structure collapsibility fore-and-after from north to south. Then find out the diversification disciplinary between microstructure and collapsibility.
At last, finding out the corresponding relationship through analyzing microstructure and physics parameters, reflecting their coherence in loess collapsibility variety.
This paper select physics parameters and microstructure as impacting loess collapsibility factors, and analyzing their relativity, finally, reflecting collapsibility through physics parameters and microstructure and processing collapsibility evaluation.
本文针对黄土湿陷性的区域变化特点,自陕北—关中不同地貌单元下同一层位黄土取样七组。首先,在实验室进行常规分析及湿陷性测定,分析不同区域各项物性指标的变化趋势,及其与湿陷性存在的定性关系,得出自北向南湿陷性逐渐变小,天然含水量、密度、干密度、液限、塑限等物性指标增大,孔隙比、pH值和水溶盐含量变小。其次,对不同区域黄土进行切片,在偏光显微镜下观察其微结构,得出由北到南黄土微结构的变化为以细砂质接触胶结结构为主→粗粉砂质孔隙胶结为主→细—粗粉砂质基底—孔隙胶结结构为主,分析微结构变化与湿陷系数的相关关系;观察各种结构湿陷前后的变化特征,得出湿陷前后碎屑颗粒在水或外力的作用下其结构方式由支架接触逐渐向镶嵌接触过渡,孔隙比变小。再通过偏最小二乘法建立回归预测模型,对物性指标与湿陷系数进行定量分析,反映出物性指标与湿陷系数具有较好的相关性。最后,通过对微观结构与物性指标的分析,找出其对应关系,最终反映出两者在反映区域黄土湿陷性变化问题上的一致性。
Loess is widely distributed in China, there are plenty of projects processed in loess area,and the special character of loess--collapsibility is the most typical engineering geologicalproblem ,and destructively to project. So, the further study of collapsibility is very necessary.
The paper against the variety of loess collapsibility character has definite disciplinary in region, and divided Chinese loess to different region according to this disciplinary ,the collapsibility character is variable. This paper is sampling loess of the same depth from Northern ShaanXi - GuanZhong in loess plateau allusion to disciplinary of loess collapsibility , and 7 groups are sampled .At first ,the general analysis and collapsibility should be measured. Finding out the trend of every physics parameters (porosity ratio; natural moisture content; dry density; plasticity index; clay content).and qualitative relations between collapsibility and these parameters. Then, the quantitative analysis model of collapsibility and physics parameters is established using regress method. Consequently, speculate the trend of collapsibility based on the variable of physics index.
Secondly, through analyzing loess slice of different regions, microstructure is observed under micropolaricope. and find out the trend of loess microstructure and characteristic of every structure collapsibility fore-and-after from north to south. Then find out the diversification disciplinary between microstructure and collapsibility.
At last, finding out the corresponding relationship through analyzing microstructure and physics parameters, reflecting their coherence in loess collapsibility variety.
This paper select physics parameters and microstructure as impacting loess collapsibility factors, and analyzing their relativity, finally, reflecting collapsibility through physics parameters and microstructure and processing collapsibility evaluation.
引文
[1]乔平定等,黄土地区工程地质[M],水利电力出版社,1990:3-6
[2]钱鸿绪等,湿陷性黄土地基[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1985:8-12
[3]孙建中,黄土学[M],香港考古学会,2005.6:3-8
[4]关文章,湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M],西安交通大学出版社,1992:1-5
[5]A.A穆斯塔伐耶夫(张忠兴译),湿陷性黄土上地基与基础的计算[M],北京:水利水电出版社,1984:8-12
[6]雷祥义,黄土高原地质灾害与人类活动[M],地质出版社,2001:38-41
[7]Terzaghi K,Soil Moisture and Capillary Phenmena in Soils,Ch.IXA in Vol.Ⅸ of Physics of the Earth,MoGraw-Hill,1942
[8]Dudley J.H.Review of Collapsing Soil,J.soil Mech And Found.Div ASCE,(96)SM3,1970
[9]#12
[10]H.kane Submicroscopic studies of soils.Developments in soil science,Elser Science Publis hers,1973
[11]#12
[12]K.Terzaghi The importance of the fabric of Clays in estimating their engineering-geological properties.Proc.Int.Syp.on Soil Structure,,1925
[13]Stoops G.Hari Eswaran H.Soil Mircromorphology Van Norstrcad Reinhold Soil Science Series,1986
[14]Jongerius J.Recent Development in Soil mircromorphometry.Proc.int.syp.on soil structure,1973
[15]沈珠江,士体结构性的数学模型--21世纪土力学的核心问题[J],岩土工程学报,1996,18(1):95-97
[16]汤连生,黄土湿陷性的微结构不平衡吸力成因论[J]工程地质学报,2003,11(1):24-30
[17]张宗祜,我国黄土类土显微结构的研究[J],地质学报,1964,44(33):357-364
[18]胡瑞林,李向全,官国琳,等.粘性土微结构定量模型及其工程性质特征研究[M],北京:地质出版社,1995:280-310
[19]雷祥义,中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J],中国科学(B辑),1987(12):1309-1316
[20]赵景波,黄土的孔隙与湿陷性研究[J],工程地质学报,2(2),2002:76-82
[21]高国瑞.黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J],岩土工程学报,1990,12(4):1-10
[22]杨运来.黄土湿陷机理的研究[J].中国科学,1998,(7):756-765
[23]王永炎、林在贯等,中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M],科学出版社,1990:131-142
[24]吴义祥,工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J]],中国地质科学院院报,1991,23:143-150
[25]谢定义,黄土力学特性与应用研究的过去、现在与未来[J],地下空间,1999:273-283
[26]陈正汉,卢再华,蒲毅彬,非饱和土三轴仪的CT机配套及其应用[J],岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):387-392.
[27]谢定义,齐吉琳,土结构性及其定量化研究的新途径[J],岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):651-656
[28]孙建中等,黄土高原第四纪[M],科学出版社,1991:73-82
[29]王永炎等,黄土与第四纪地质[M],陕西人民出版社,1980:80-85
[30]裴章勤,刘卫东,湿陷性黄土地基处理[M],中国铁道出版社,1992.11:88-92
[31]刘祖典,黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997:58-67
[32]冯连昌,郑晏武等,中国湿陷性黄土[M],中国铁道出版社,1985,p51:152-166
[33]高国瑞,黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J],岩土工程学报,1990,4:35-38
[34]王希玲,影响黄土湿陷系数测定的几个因素[J],西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2003,17(1):18-21
[35]吴义祥,张宗祜,凌泽民,土体微观结构的研究现状评述[J],地质论评,1992.5,38(3):250-258
[36]关文章,试论可溶盐与黄土湿陷机理[J],桂林冶金地质学院学报,1986.9,6(3):271-278
[37]顾成权,方云,黄土湿陷性的微观结构研究[J],西部探矿工程,2003.10:1-3
[38]祖国林,王建国等,承载黄土微结构的演化规律研究[J],煤炭科学技术,1999:128-132
[39]高国瑞,黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J],中国科学,1980.12:8-12
[40]李兰,黄土微结构的试验研究[J],水文地质工程地质,2004,3:17-21
[41]王永炎,腾志宏,中国黄土的微结构汲取在时代上和区域上的变化,科学通报,1982,2:98-102
[42]张利生,湿陷性黄土试验方法探讨[J],岩土力学,2001,22(2):24-27
[43]张玉蕴,黄土微观结构研究的回顾和探讨[J]'建筑结构设计,2004,5:10-11
[44]王梅,黄土湿陷性质微观研究[J],岩土工程学报,2001(1):75-76
[45]胡再强,非饱和黄土的显微结构与湿陷性[J],水利水运科学研究,2000(2):68-71
[46]骆亚生,张爱军,黄土结构性的研究成果及其新发展[J],2004.12,23(6):65-69
[47]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林。土的结构性参数及其与变形强度的关系[J],水利学报,1999,(10):1-6
[48]刘祖典,影响黄土湿陷系数因素的分析[J],工程勘察,1994,(5):6-11
[49]任新玲,刘领凤,影响黄土湿陷系数因素的数理统计分析[J],山西交通科技,1995,(5):19-24.
[50]王惠文,偏最小二乘回归方法及其应用[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1999:58-73
[51]任若恩,王惠文.多元统计数据分析-理论、方法、实例[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1997:152-183
[52]陈广峰,米海珍,韩志勇,兰州Ⅲ级阶地黄土湿陷性初步试验研究[J],甘肃工业大学学报,2001,27(2):77-81
[2]钱鸿绪等,湿陷性黄土地基[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1985:8-12
[3]孙建中,黄土学[M],香港考古学会,2005.6:3-8
[4]关文章,湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M],西安交通大学出版社,1992:1-5
[5]A.A穆斯塔伐耶夫(张忠兴译),湿陷性黄土上地基与基础的计算[M],北京:水利水电出版社,1984:8-12
[6]雷祥义,黄土高原地质灾害与人类活动[M],地质出版社,2001:38-41
[7]Terzaghi K,Soil Moisture and Capillary Phenmena in Soils,Ch.IXA in Vol.Ⅸ of Physics of the Earth,MoGraw-Hill,1942
[8]Dudley J.H.Review of Collapsing Soil,J.soil Mech And Found.Div ASCE,(96)SM3,1970
[9]#12
[10]H.kane Submicroscopic studies of soils.Developments in soil science,Elser Science Publis hers,1973
[11]#12
[12]K.Terzaghi The importance of the fabric of Clays in estimating their engineering-geological properties.Proc.Int.Syp.on Soil Structure,,1925
[13]Stoops G.Hari Eswaran H.Soil Mircromorphology Van Norstrcad Reinhold Soil Science Series,1986
[14]Jongerius J.Recent Development in Soil mircromorphometry.Proc.int.syp.on soil structure,1973
[15]沈珠江,士体结构性的数学模型--21世纪土力学的核心问题[J],岩土工程学报,1996,18(1):95-97
[16]汤连生,黄土湿陷性的微结构不平衡吸力成因论[J]工程地质学报,2003,11(1):24-30
[17]张宗祜,我国黄土类土显微结构的研究[J],地质学报,1964,44(33):357-364
[18]胡瑞林,李向全,官国琳,等.粘性土微结构定量模型及其工程性质特征研究[M],北京:地质出版社,1995:280-310
[19]雷祥义,中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J],中国科学(B辑),1987(12):1309-1316
[20]赵景波,黄土的孔隙与湿陷性研究[J],工程地质学报,2(2),2002:76-82
[21]高国瑞.黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J],岩土工程学报,1990,12(4):1-10
[22]杨运来.黄土湿陷机理的研究[J].中国科学,1998,(7):756-765
[23]王永炎、林在贯等,中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M],科学出版社,1990:131-142
[24]吴义祥,工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J]],中国地质科学院院报,1991,23:143-150
[25]谢定义,黄土力学特性与应用研究的过去、现在与未来[J],地下空间,1999:273-283
[26]陈正汉,卢再华,蒲毅彬,非饱和土三轴仪的CT机配套及其应用[J],岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):387-392.
[27]谢定义,齐吉琳,土结构性及其定量化研究的新途径[J],岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):651-656
[28]孙建中等,黄土高原第四纪[M],科学出版社,1991:73-82
[29]王永炎等,黄土与第四纪地质[M],陕西人民出版社,1980:80-85
[30]裴章勤,刘卫东,湿陷性黄土地基处理[M],中国铁道出版社,1992.11:88-92
[31]刘祖典,黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997:58-67
[32]冯连昌,郑晏武等,中国湿陷性黄土[M],中国铁道出版社,1985,p51:152-166
[33]高国瑞,黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J],岩土工程学报,1990,4:35-38
[34]王希玲,影响黄土湿陷系数测定的几个因素[J],西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2003,17(1):18-21
[35]吴义祥,张宗祜,凌泽民,土体微观结构的研究现状评述[J],地质论评,1992.5,38(3):250-258
[36]关文章,试论可溶盐与黄土湿陷机理[J],桂林冶金地质学院学报,1986.9,6(3):271-278
[37]顾成权,方云,黄土湿陷性的微观结构研究[J],西部探矿工程,2003.10:1-3
[38]祖国林,王建国等,承载黄土微结构的演化规律研究[J],煤炭科学技术,1999:128-132
[39]高国瑞,黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J],中国科学,1980.12:8-12
[40]李兰,黄土微结构的试验研究[J],水文地质工程地质,2004,3:17-21
[41]王永炎,腾志宏,中国黄土的微结构汲取在时代上和区域上的变化,科学通报,1982,2:98-102
[42]张利生,湿陷性黄土试验方法探讨[J],岩土力学,2001,22(2):24-27
[43]张玉蕴,黄土微观结构研究的回顾和探讨[J]'建筑结构设计,2004,5:10-11
[44]王梅,黄土湿陷性质微观研究[J],岩土工程学报,2001(1):75-76
[45]胡再强,非饱和黄土的显微结构与湿陷性[J],水利水运科学研究,2000(2):68-71
[46]骆亚生,张爱军,黄土结构性的研究成果及其新发展[J],2004.12,23(6):65-69
[47]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林。土的结构性参数及其与变形强度的关系[J],水利学报,1999,(10):1-6
[48]刘祖典,影响黄土湿陷系数因素的分析[J],工程勘察,1994,(5):6-11
[49]任新玲,刘领凤,影响黄土湿陷系数因素的数理统计分析[J],山西交通科技,1995,(5):19-24.
[50]王惠文,偏最小二乘回归方法及其应用[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1999:58-73
[51]任若恩,王惠文.多元统计数据分析-理论、方法、实例[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1997:152-183
[52]陈广峰,米海珍,韩志勇,兰州Ⅲ级阶地黄土湿陷性初步试验研究[J],甘肃工业大学学报,2001,27(2):77-81