结构性吹填软土流变特性及其本构模型研究
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摘要
天津滨海新区正在进行着我国最大规模的吹填造陆工程,也是世界上瞩目的工程。其物质成分主要以细粒土为主,粘土矿物所占比例高达50%以上,并以伊利石、伊蒙混层为主,这是在我国东部沿海地区吹填造陆中比较特殊的吹填物源。目前对吹填场地的地基处理无不采用真空预压技术,这种地基处理方法短期内就会使土体具有一定的结构强度,但其整体工程性质还很差,流变变形不可低估。由于结构性和流变特性的存在,使得吹填场地工后沉降计算及控制显得更为复杂。现有的各种本构模型实际上都是针对饱和扰动土和砂土而发展起来的,考虑结构性的影响较少,其结果必然是计算值与实际情况有一定的差距。如何深入而有效的揭示这一内在规律,是土力学当前及今后长时间内一个复杂而又不能回避的核心问题。目前对吹填场地地基处理已积累了很多工程实践经验,但对于吹填软土工程特性尤其是结构特性、流变特性及其模型与机理的研究显得明显落后于工程实践。
本文针对上述问题,紧紧围绕土结构性这一显著特征,在前人研究的基础上,对新近吹填软土结构性形成机制、变形时效性及其与结构性的关系进行了试验研究和理论分析,并以此为指导,建立了考虑结构性的吹填软土流变本构模型。并从微观上对吹填软土流变机理进行了探讨,以期在软土地基沉降计算及控制理论方面有所突破。具体研究成果如下:
1、对典型吹填场地经过真空预压处理的吹填软土基本性质进行了系统的研究,天津滨海新区吹填软土主要以细粒土为主,粘粒含量高,经过真空预压处理后具有较强的结构性。由于结构性的存在,对其压缩特性、强度特性、应力应变关系、屈服特性的影响明显,吹填场地工程实践中要充分认识到土结构性存在的作用,合理而有效地利用土结构性。
2、通过设计试验槽模拟天津滨海新区吹填土现场沉积情况,对吹填软土在K0固结条件下以及经过K0固结后的土体进行在等向固结条件下、蠕变条件下结构屈服应力的形成进行了系统的研究,提出吹填软土结构性形成机制理论。
3、通过室内三轴流变试验,对天津滨海新区典型的两种状态吹填软土(原状土与重塑土)流变特性进行了系统的对比研究,结果表明结构性的存在,其流变特性具有明显的特殊性。
4、建立了考虑结构性的两种流变模型,即考虑结构性的全经验流变模型以及半理论半经验流变模型。
5、采用本文所建立的流变本构模型,利用Abaqus大型技术软件,对临港工业区一吹填场地工程实践进行了有限元分析。结果证明考虑结构性影响的模型计算值最为合理,即对于有结构性的软土,建立考虑结构性的流变模型才能更好地反映流变现象、预测变形发展趋势。
6、通过对流变过程中微观结构的分析以及结构强度的变化试验,揭示了流变过程中微结构的变化,为从本质上研究流变特性奠定了基础。
The largest scale Land reclamation is now under way in Chinese Tianjin Binhai New Area, as well as in the world. Its main ingredients is fine grain, in which the proportion of clay mineral are up to 50, among them illite and illite mixed with montmorillonite layer is the most, which are the special source for the hydraulic fill project in the eastern coastal areas of china. Up to now vacuum preloading is the most commonly used method for soft dredger fill, this found treatment can form structural strength in the soil shortly, but its Engineering Property is poor and rheological deformation can not be ignore. As result, it is very complex and difficult to estimate and control the post-construction settlement. At present, all kinds of constitutive model are developing from saturated disturbance soil and sand, little considering the influences of soil structure, so that the calculated value different from the practical situation. Therefore, How to proclaim this inherent law is the complex key issue which cannot avoid in Soil Mechanics now and a long time in the future. Although we have accumulated much experience of foundation treatment for hydraulic fill, the research about engineering properties especially about soil structure, rheology and its model and also its mechanism is obviously behind the engineering practice.
In view of the above questions, centering on characteristics of structural , experimental study and theoretical analysis on the formation mechanism of structure, time-dependence of deformation and the relationship between them are implemented based on the previous research in the paper, rheological constitutive model of soft dredger fill considering the structure is proposed. In order to make a progress in the theory of calculation and control of settlement, rheology mechanism is discussed through microstructure. The main work are as follows:
1、Through systematically studied the basic characteristics of soft dredger fill of typical treated foundation by vaccum preload, It showed that the main ingredients of it is fine grain which has high clay content, obvious structure formed after vaccum preloading. Only have a full realization of the effect of soil structure on compressibility, strength, relationship of stress and strain and yield stress can we make rational use of the soil structure.
2、Based on the designed testing tank to simulate the deposition process of dredger fill in Tianjin Binhai New area, the theory of structural yield stress formation on soft dredger fill in Ko consolidation and isotropic consolidation and creep test after Ko consolidation was proposed through comprehensive investigation.
3、Through triaxial rheological test, rheological behaviors of two typical state of soft dredger fill(undisturbed and remold)are compared, the results indicated that the rheological behaviors is distinctly different between them due to the soil structure.
4、Two type of rheologcal model considering the soil structure are proposed, which are semi empirical and empirical constitutive model.
5、Based on the model established in the paper, the widely used soft Abaqus analysis program is adopted to study engineering project on the hydraulic fill site in Lin-gang Industrial zone. The results proved that considering the influence of structure is the most reasonable constitutive model. So forecasting the rheological behavior and deformation development through this constitutive model maybe the best way.
6、The variation of microstructure was proclaimed through analysing the microstructure and the structural strength in the procession of the rheology, this lay the foundation for building the essential characteristics of rheology.
本文针对上述问题,紧紧围绕土结构性这一显著特征,在前人研究的基础上,对新近吹填软土结构性形成机制、变形时效性及其与结构性的关系进行了试验研究和理论分析,并以此为指导,建立了考虑结构性的吹填软土流变本构模型。并从微观上对吹填软土流变机理进行了探讨,以期在软土地基沉降计算及控制理论方面有所突破。具体研究成果如下:
1、对典型吹填场地经过真空预压处理的吹填软土基本性质进行了系统的研究,天津滨海新区吹填软土主要以细粒土为主,粘粒含量高,经过真空预压处理后具有较强的结构性。由于结构性的存在,对其压缩特性、强度特性、应力应变关系、屈服特性的影响明显,吹填场地工程实践中要充分认识到土结构性存在的作用,合理而有效地利用土结构性。
2、通过设计试验槽模拟天津滨海新区吹填土现场沉积情况,对吹填软土在K0固结条件下以及经过K0固结后的土体进行在等向固结条件下、蠕变条件下结构屈服应力的形成进行了系统的研究,提出吹填软土结构性形成机制理论。
3、通过室内三轴流变试验,对天津滨海新区典型的两种状态吹填软土(原状土与重塑土)流变特性进行了系统的对比研究,结果表明结构性的存在,其流变特性具有明显的特殊性。
4、建立了考虑结构性的两种流变模型,即考虑结构性的全经验流变模型以及半理论半经验流变模型。
5、采用本文所建立的流变本构模型,利用Abaqus大型技术软件,对临港工业区一吹填场地工程实践进行了有限元分析。结果证明考虑结构性影响的模型计算值最为合理,即对于有结构性的软土,建立考虑结构性的流变模型才能更好地反映流变现象、预测变形发展趋势。
6、通过对流变过程中微观结构的分析以及结构强度的变化试验,揭示了流变过程中微结构的变化,为从本质上研究流变特性奠定了基础。
The largest scale Land reclamation is now under way in Chinese Tianjin Binhai New Area, as well as in the world. Its main ingredients is fine grain, in which the proportion of clay mineral are up to 50, among them illite and illite mixed with montmorillonite layer is the most, which are the special source for the hydraulic fill project in the eastern coastal areas of china. Up to now vacuum preloading is the most commonly used method for soft dredger fill, this found treatment can form structural strength in the soil shortly, but its Engineering Property is poor and rheological deformation can not be ignore. As result, it is very complex and difficult to estimate and control the post-construction settlement. At present, all kinds of constitutive model are developing from saturated disturbance soil and sand, little considering the influences of soil structure, so that the calculated value different from the practical situation. Therefore, How to proclaim this inherent law is the complex key issue which cannot avoid in Soil Mechanics now and a long time in the future. Although we have accumulated much experience of foundation treatment for hydraulic fill, the research about engineering properties especially about soil structure, rheology and its model and also its mechanism is obviously behind the engineering practice.
In view of the above questions, centering on characteristics of structural , experimental study and theoretical analysis on the formation mechanism of structure, time-dependence of deformation and the relationship between them are implemented based on the previous research in the paper, rheological constitutive model of soft dredger fill considering the structure is proposed. In order to make a progress in the theory of calculation and control of settlement, rheology mechanism is discussed through microstructure. The main work are as follows:
1、Through systematically studied the basic characteristics of soft dredger fill of typical treated foundation by vaccum preload, It showed that the main ingredients of it is fine grain which has high clay content, obvious structure formed after vaccum preloading. Only have a full realization of the effect of soil structure on compressibility, strength, relationship of stress and strain and yield stress can we make rational use of the soil structure.
2、Based on the designed testing tank to simulate the deposition process of dredger fill in Tianjin Binhai New area, the theory of structural yield stress formation on soft dredger fill in Ko consolidation and isotropic consolidation and creep test after Ko consolidation was proposed through comprehensive investigation.
3、Through triaxial rheological test, rheological behaviors of two typical state of soft dredger fill(undisturbed and remold)are compared, the results indicated that the rheological behaviors is distinctly different between them due to the soil structure.
4、Two type of rheologcal model considering the soil structure are proposed, which are semi empirical and empirical constitutive model.
5、Based on the model established in the paper, the widely used soft Abaqus analysis program is adopted to study engineering project on the hydraulic fill site in Lin-gang Industrial zone. The results proved that considering the influence of structure is the most reasonable constitutive model. So forecasting the rheological behavior and deformation development through this constitutive model maybe the best way.
6、The variation of microstructure was proclaimed through analysing the microstructure and the structural strength in the procession of the rheology, this lay the foundation for building the essential characteristics of rheology.
引文
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