游客环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为关系研究
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摘要
本研究主要目的在于了解游客环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为现况,并探讨个人背景变项在环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为上的差异,以及三者间的相关性。为达成研究目的,本研究以自编“游客环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为调查问卷”为研究工具,采便利抽样方式搜集资料,并以大连滨海路、大连西郊国家森林公园、大连森林动物园三地的游客为研究对象,搜集有效问卷302份,调查所得资料以描述性统计、T检定、单因子变异数分析以及皮尔森积差相关等方法进行统计分析,并验证研究假说,得到主要结论如下:
1、游客的环境意识认知表现处于中上等程度,尚属良好,其对低碳旅游的态度普遍倾向于积极正面,且游客大多具备良好的低碳行为意愿。
2、女性游客的环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为表现明显优于男性游客。
3、服务业者的环境意识、低碳旅游态度表现明显优于学生群体。
4、中等收入层游客环境意识、低碳旅游态度表现优于低收入层者。
5、参加过环保社团组织的游客的环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为表现明显优于未参加者。
6、大专学历游客的低碳旅游决策认知表现优于大学教育程度者。
7、游客环境意识方面会因年龄、教育程度不同而有显著差异,低碳旅游态度方面因教育程度不同而有显著差异,其它背景变项在环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为的认知表现上并没有明显差异。
8、环境意识与低碳旅游态度间呈现中度显著正相关,环境意识和低碳旅游行为之间相关性较弱,低碳旅游态度与低碳行为呈现中度一致性。
最后,根据研究结果进行讨论,分别针对未来低碳旅游规划发展实务应用及未来研究提供建议。
The purpose of this study is to understand the present state, to discuss the differences with demographic variables and to explore the relationship among environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior of visitors in Dalian Corniche Road, Dalian Western Suburb National Forest Park and Dalian Forest Zoo.
To achieve this purpose, the self-designed questionnaire is developed, entitled“the environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior for visitors”. The samples are selected by convenience sampling, received 302 effective responses. The data is analyzed by using the statistic descriptive, T-test, one-way ANOVA and pearson` s correlation, the results are as follows:
1.In terms of the environmental consciousness, the level of understanding of visitors is about higher-intermediate, and their attitudes and behavior toward low carbon travel are tended to be positive and active.
2.The environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior of female visitors are better than male visitors.
3.Service providers have better environmental consciousness and low carbon travel attitudes than students.
4.It is found that the visitors with medium-income class have better than those with low-income class toward the environmental consciousness and low carbon travel attitudes. 5.The visitors attending environmental groups have better environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior than those who do not.
6.The visitors with senior college degree have better decision-making towards low carbon travel than those with bachelor degree.
7.There is significant difference on the environmental consciousness due to ages, educational background. The visitors` educational background will make low carbon travel attitudes significantly different. However, there are no statistically obvious differences on other background variables.
8.The environmental consciousness is significantly correlated with the low carbon travel attitude. It is shown slightly positive relevant between the environmental consciousness and low carbon travel behavior. In addition ,low carbon travel attitudes and behavior have a significant relationship.
At last, based on the above findings, discussions and suggestions are provided for sustainable development in low carbon travel and further studies.
1、游客的环境意识认知表现处于中上等程度,尚属良好,其对低碳旅游的态度普遍倾向于积极正面,且游客大多具备良好的低碳行为意愿。
2、女性游客的环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为表现明显优于男性游客。
3、服务业者的环境意识、低碳旅游态度表现明显优于学生群体。
4、中等收入层游客环境意识、低碳旅游态度表现优于低收入层者。
5、参加过环保社团组织的游客的环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为表现明显优于未参加者。
6、大专学历游客的低碳旅游决策认知表现优于大学教育程度者。
7、游客环境意识方面会因年龄、教育程度不同而有显著差异,低碳旅游态度方面因教育程度不同而有显著差异,其它背景变项在环境意识、低碳旅游态度与行为的认知表现上并没有明显差异。
8、环境意识与低碳旅游态度间呈现中度显著正相关,环境意识和低碳旅游行为之间相关性较弱,低碳旅游态度与低碳行为呈现中度一致性。
最后,根据研究结果进行讨论,分别针对未来低碳旅游规划发展实务应用及未来研究提供建议。
The purpose of this study is to understand the present state, to discuss the differences with demographic variables and to explore the relationship among environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior of visitors in Dalian Corniche Road, Dalian Western Suburb National Forest Park and Dalian Forest Zoo.
To achieve this purpose, the self-designed questionnaire is developed, entitled“the environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior for visitors”. The samples are selected by convenience sampling, received 302 effective responses. The data is analyzed by using the statistic descriptive, T-test, one-way ANOVA and pearson` s correlation, the results are as follows:
1.In terms of the environmental consciousness, the level of understanding of visitors is about higher-intermediate, and their attitudes and behavior toward low carbon travel are tended to be positive and active.
2.The environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior of female visitors are better than male visitors.
3.Service providers have better environmental consciousness and low carbon travel attitudes than students.
4.It is found that the visitors with medium-income class have better than those with low-income class toward the environmental consciousness and low carbon travel attitudes. 5.The visitors attending environmental groups have better environmental consciousness, low carbon travel attitudes and behavior than those who do not.
6.The visitors with senior college degree have better decision-making towards low carbon travel than those with bachelor degree.
7.There is significant difference on the environmental consciousness due to ages, educational background. The visitors` educational background will make low carbon travel attitudes significantly different. However, there are no statistically obvious differences on other background variables.
8.The environmental consciousness is significantly correlated with the low carbon travel attitude. It is shown slightly positive relevant between the environmental consciousness and low carbon travel behavior. In addition ,low carbon travel attitudes and behavior have a significant relationship.
At last, based on the above findings, discussions and suggestions are provided for sustainable development in low carbon travel and further studies.
引文
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[2]Formica S , Uysal M. Segmentation of travelers based onenvironmental attitudes [J]. Journal o f Hospitality and LeisureMarketing,2002,(3-4):35-49.
[3]李思屏.游客对生态旅游之环境态度与行为关系之研究——以关渡自然公园为例[D].台湾:国立台湾大学园艺研究所,2001.
[4]蔡萌,汪宇明.低碳旅游:一种新的旅游发展方式[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1): 14.
[5]Simpson, M.C., Gossling, S., Scott, D., Hall,C.M. ,Gladin, E. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector: Frameworks, Tools and Practices[M]. UNEP, University of Oxford,UNWTO,WMO: Paris, France, 2008.68-70.
[6]蔡萌,汪宇明.低碳经济、低碳旅游与旅游发展新方式[J].中国城市研究,2009,4 (2):42-43.
[7]UNWTO and UNEP and WMO (prepared by Scott D., Amelung B., Becken, S. et al). Climate Change and Tourism: Responding to Global Challenges[M]. UNWTO,Madrid and UNEP: Paris,2008.3-15;33-34;167-169;177.
[8]Simpson, M.C.,G?ssling, S.,Scott, D..Report on the International Policy and Market Response to Global Warming and the Challenges and Opportunities that Climate Change Issues Present for the Caribbean Tourism Sector[M], Caribbean Regional Sustainable Tourism Development Programme: European Commission and the Caribbean Tourism Organization,Barbados, 2008.89-90.
[9]Gossling,S.,Hultman,J., Haglund, L et al, .Voluntary carbon offsetting by Swedish Air Travellers: Opportunities and Obstacles[J], Current Issues in Tourism,2008,53(2):23-29.
[10]DTI(Department of Trade and Industry).U K Energy white Paper: Our energy future-creating a low carbon economy[M]. London:TSO (The Stationery Office),2003.56-58.
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[12]Hall,C.M.,Williams,A.M. Tourism andInnovation[M].London:Routledg, 2008.68.
[13]黄雅文.环保人士对发展生态旅游态度之研究[D].台湾:国立台中师范学院,2005.
[14]林士扬.南部地区国小教师对生态旅游认知及态度之研究[D].台湾:国立台南大学,2006.
[15]李平,窦蕾.生态足迹模型在旅游科学中的应用研究进展[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,(6):26-28.
[16]徐欣荣.台北县推动低碳社会之研究[D].台湾:台北大学,2007.
[17]吕宗贤.台北市国民中学推动节约能源政策之探讨[D].台湾:世新大学,2008.
[18]杜怡莹.台湾地区都会城市低碳策略发展之评比研究[D].台湾:大叶大学,2007.
[19]吕居颌.台湾地区风景区低碳旅游发展潜力之评比研究[D].台湾:大叶大学,2010.
[20]李曜丞.奥运城市能源永续发展研究—以中国北京为例[D].台湾:国立成功大学,2008.
[21]刘啸.低碳旅游-北京郊区旅游未来发展的新模式[J].北京社会科学,2010,(1): 43-46.
[22]马驰,丁俊慧.基于低碳经济的旅游业发展对策研究.现代经济2009,8(7):19.
[23]朱有志,周少华,袁男优.发展低碳经济,应对气候变化—低碳经济及其评价指标[J].中国国情国力,2009,(12):22-26.
[24]鲍健强,苗阳,陈锋.低碳经济:人类经济发展方式的新变革[J].中国工业经济,2008,2:14-16.
[25]刘啸.论低碳经济与低碳旅游[J].生态经济,2009,5(13).
[26]张春兴.张氏心理学辞典[M].台湾:东华书局,1992.78-79.
[27]吴昭贤.信念对态度影响之研究[D].台湾:淡江大学国际贸易学系,1998.
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