湖北省城镇垃圾处理产业化初步研究
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摘要
环境保护问题是21世纪人类面临的世界性难题,而城市生活垃圾处理问题则是环保问题中的重要组成部分,随着经济的发展,城市规模的扩大和人口的增多,我国城市生活垃圾产量剧增,垃圾问题己成为阻碍我国经济可持续发展的障碍之一。
就湖北省而言,与全国以及其他省份相比,其垃圾处理相关指标都比较落后,垃圾问题已经阻碍了湖北省国民经济的发展,而未来十年内人口的增长和经济的快速发展,都将对环境造成更大的压力,面对严峻的现实,必须采取有效的经济政策和环保措施。
而目前,我国的城市垃圾治理一直被视为公益事业,其经费基本上全部来源于国家和地方的财政拨款。事实证明,垃圾处理如果仅仅依靠政府投资是远远不够的,解决垃圾处理问题的核心是实现垃圾处理产业化。
本文根据湖北省政治、经济、文化等多方面因素,分析湖北省城市垃圾处理产业化发展中存在的问题,提出推动发展的对策:在垃圾处理产业化的同时,必须建立有效的监督机制; 营造公开、公平、公正的市场环境,引入竞争机制,实现投资主体的多元化; 建立和完善与城市垃圾处理产业化配套的市场化、标准化、国际化的政策与法规; 建立技术进步的促进机制; 为城市垃圾处理产业化的实施奠定基础。
As a key part of the tough question of environmental protection challenging human being in the 21-century, how to dispose municipal solid waste has become one of the troublesome tasks.
With the development of the economy, the scale of cities and the popu1ation in them have increased a lot. In the mean time,MSW(municipal solid waste) have Piled up enormously and the Problems incurred by waste have become an obstacle for China’s sustainable Development.
Compared with the whole country and other provinces, the MSW treatment of HuBei is worse. The waste problem has already obstructed the development of its economy, and gives the environment greater pressure. So it is very urgent to take efficiency measures to develop economy and protect the environment.
The disposal of MSW has long been recognized as a Public responsibility of the government. The funds to develop such facilities almost came solely from government expenditures in the national level or municipal level. The fact prove that if the disposal of MSW depends on the government investment only is far not enough, The core to solve waste treatment problem is realizing waste treatment industrialization.
The paper analyses the existing problems during the development of MSW treatment industrialization, and then puts forward the counter measures for promoting the development of it: effective supervision system should be set up; Open fair and justice market environment should be created; Competitive system should be introduced; Multiple investor should be realized; at same time, marketing, standardization, internationalization policy and regulation matching waste treatment industrialization and technology progress incentive system should be build up and upgraded to settle foundation for MSW treatment industrialization.
就湖北省而言,与全国以及其他省份相比,其垃圾处理相关指标都比较落后,垃圾问题已经阻碍了湖北省国民经济的发展,而未来十年内人口的增长和经济的快速发展,都将对环境造成更大的压力,面对严峻的现实,必须采取有效的经济政策和环保措施。
而目前,我国的城市垃圾治理一直被视为公益事业,其经费基本上全部来源于国家和地方的财政拨款。事实证明,垃圾处理如果仅仅依靠政府投资是远远不够的,解决垃圾处理问题的核心是实现垃圾处理产业化。
本文根据湖北省政治、经济、文化等多方面因素,分析湖北省城市垃圾处理产业化发展中存在的问题,提出推动发展的对策:在垃圾处理产业化的同时,必须建立有效的监督机制; 营造公开、公平、公正的市场环境,引入竞争机制,实现投资主体的多元化; 建立和完善与城市垃圾处理产业化配套的市场化、标准化、国际化的政策与法规; 建立技术进步的促进机制; 为城市垃圾处理产业化的实施奠定基础。
As a key part of the tough question of environmental protection challenging human being in the 21-century, how to dispose municipal solid waste has become one of the troublesome tasks.
With the development of the economy, the scale of cities and the popu1ation in them have increased a lot. In the mean time,MSW(municipal solid waste) have Piled up enormously and the Problems incurred by waste have become an obstacle for China’s sustainable Development.
Compared with the whole country and other provinces, the MSW treatment of HuBei is worse. The waste problem has already obstructed the development of its economy, and gives the environment greater pressure. So it is very urgent to take efficiency measures to develop economy and protect the environment.
The disposal of MSW has long been recognized as a Public responsibility of the government. The funds to develop such facilities almost came solely from government expenditures in the national level or municipal level. The fact prove that if the disposal of MSW depends on the government investment only is far not enough, The core to solve waste treatment problem is realizing waste treatment industrialization.
The paper analyses the existing problems during the development of MSW treatment industrialization, and then puts forward the counter measures for promoting the development of it: effective supervision system should be set up; Open fair and justice market environment should be created; Competitive system should be introduced; Multiple investor should be realized; at same time, marketing, standardization, internationalization policy and regulation matching waste treatment industrialization and technology progress incentive system should be build up and upgraded to settle foundation for MSW treatment industrialization.
引文
[1] Sakai, shin-ichi. Municipal solid waste management in Japan[J]. Waste Management, 1996, 16(5-6): 395-405
[2] Vehlow, J. Municipal solid waste management in Germany[J]. Waste management, 1996, 16(5-6): 367-374
[3] 张慧芳, 王晔. 论全球环保浪潮与环保举措[J]. 陕西经贸学院学报, 2001, 14(5): 42-44
[4] Oughton, D.H. Strand, P. The Oslo consensus conference on protection of the environment [J]. Environmental Radioactivity, 2004, 14(1): 7-17
[5] 刘助仁. 发展 21 世纪的环保产业[J]. 云南科技管理, 2003 (2): 15-17
[6] 苏东水. 产业经济学[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2002.2, 第 1 版
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[9] OECD. Interim Definition and Classification of the Environment Industry[R]. Paris, OECD/GD, 1996(96): 117
[10] 林世渊. 台湾环保产业发展及其扶持政策的特点[J]. 环境保护, 2003(12): 42-45
[11] 刘国涛, 刘呈庆, 史佩钊. 论绿色产业的内涵[J]. 中国环保产业, 2003(9): 46-48
[12] 王劲峰. 中日两国环境保护产业分类的比较分析[J]. 中国环保产业, 2002(4): 34-36
[13] 杨智明. 政府在环保产业发展中的责任和作用[J]. 中国环保产业, 2005(1): 19-21
[14] 傅京燕. 中国环保产业如何迎接“入世”的挑战[J]. 中国与 WTO, 2001(10): 52-59
[15] 徐嵩龄. 略论环境产业的经济意义[N]. 科技日报, 1999.09.11
[16] 2000 年全国环境保护相关产业状况公报. 国家环境保护总局, 2001.12
[17] 朱剑红. 环保产业: 待开垦的大市场[N]. 人民日报, 2000.07.15
[18] 国家环保总局. 国家环境保护“十五”规划
[19] 张坤民. 可持续发展论[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1997
[20] 张坤民, 温宗国. 中国的改革开放政策与环境保护发展[J]. 上海环境科学, 2001, 20(2) : 1-6
[21] 苗昆. 摸清环保产业家底[N]. 中国环境报, 2001.12.3
[22] 国家环保总局. 2000 年全国环境保护相关产业状况公报. 2001-12
[23] 易斌, 燕中凯. 中国环保产业市场发展分析[J]. 中国环保业, 1999, 10: 17-20
[24] 朱联锡, 朱晓帆, 金燕. 我国环保产业现状及市场急需的重点产品[J]. 中国环境管理, 2000, (3): 28
[25] 曹凤中, 周国梅, 吴迪等. 美国实施清洁空气法的效益与启迪[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2000, (3): 20
[26] 田夫. 我国环保产业发展态势综述[J]. 生态环境与保护, 2001, 2: 12-15
[27] 卢授永, 仲跻芳, 黄宏华. 全球化对中国环保产业的影响与对策[J]. 中国环境管理, 2000, (4): 16
[28] 邹声文. 我国环保投入占 GDP 比例节节攀升[N]. 中国环境报, 2001.12.4
[29] 王宇. 国外环保产业的发展[J]. 环保产业, 2001, (5): 43-45
[30] European trends in the water & wastewater treatment industry[J].World Pumps, 2000, 2000(406): 20-22
[31] Ochiai, Izumi. Environmental protection in the electronic and electrical industries[J]. Materials Processing Technology, 1996, 59(3): 233-238
[32] David R.Berg, Grant Ferrier and Jon Paugh. The U.S. Environmental Industry. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1998, (9): 23-28
[33] Doug Macdonald. Green Taxation and Environmental Policy [D], Paper Presented to the annual meeting of the Environmental Studies Association of Canada, June 5, 1995
[34] Statistics Canada, Environment Industry Survey, Business Sector[S], Catalogue No. 16F 0008XIE, 1998
[35] industry Canada, the Canadian environment industry at a glance[M], Feb, 2000
[36] UNDP. Human. Development Report 2001[R]
[37] Goktepe, Omer F. Regulations and management practices for accelerator facilities in the U.S. [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1995, 46(46): 1343-1347
[38] Johannesson, M., Hansson, S. O., Rudén, C. Risk management—the Swedish way[S]. Environmental Management. 1999, 57(4): 267-281
[39] McKay, Gordon. Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2002, 86(3): 343-368
[40] 翟红, 丁华. 大连市环保产业发展趋势分析[J]. 辽宁城乡环境科技. 2004, 24(2): 53-54
[2] Vehlow, J. Municipal solid waste management in Germany[J]. Waste management, 1996, 16(5-6): 367-374
[3] 张慧芳, 王晔. 论全球环保浪潮与环保举措[J]. 陕西经贸学院学报, 2001, 14(5): 42-44
[4] Oughton, D.H. Strand, P. The Oslo consensus conference on protection of the environment [J]. Environmental Radioactivity, 2004, 14(1): 7-17
[5] 刘助仁. 发展 21 世纪的环保产业[J]. 云南科技管理, 2003 (2): 15-17
[6] 苏东水. 产业经济学[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2002.2, 第 1 版
[7] 龙茂发, 马明宗. 产业经济学概论[M]. 西南财经大学出版社, 1996.1, 第 1 版
[8] 国家环境保护总局科技标准司与中国环境保护产业协会. 1997年中国环境保护产业状况[Z]
[9] OECD. Interim Definition and Classification of the Environment Industry[R]. Paris, OECD/GD, 1996(96): 117
[10] 林世渊. 台湾环保产业发展及其扶持政策的特点[J]. 环境保护, 2003(12): 42-45
[11] 刘国涛, 刘呈庆, 史佩钊. 论绿色产业的内涵[J]. 中国环保产业, 2003(9): 46-48
[12] 王劲峰. 中日两国环境保护产业分类的比较分析[J]. 中国环保产业, 2002(4): 34-36
[13] 杨智明. 政府在环保产业发展中的责任和作用[J]. 中国环保产业, 2005(1): 19-21
[14] 傅京燕. 中国环保产业如何迎接“入世”的挑战[J]. 中国与 WTO, 2001(10): 52-59
[15] 徐嵩龄. 略论环境产业的经济意义[N]. 科技日报, 1999.09.11
[16] 2000 年全国环境保护相关产业状况公报. 国家环境保护总局, 2001.12
[17] 朱剑红. 环保产业: 待开垦的大市场[N]. 人民日报, 2000.07.15
[18] 国家环保总局. 国家环境保护“十五”规划
[19] 张坤民. 可持续发展论[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1997
[20] 张坤民, 温宗国. 中国的改革开放政策与环境保护发展[J]. 上海环境科学, 2001, 20(2) : 1-6
[21] 苗昆. 摸清环保产业家底[N]. 中国环境报, 2001.12.3
[22] 国家环保总局. 2000 年全国环境保护相关产业状况公报. 2001-12
[23] 易斌, 燕中凯. 中国环保产业市场发展分析[J]. 中国环保业, 1999, 10: 17-20
[24] 朱联锡, 朱晓帆, 金燕. 我国环保产业现状及市场急需的重点产品[J]. 中国环境管理, 2000, (3): 28
[25] 曹凤中, 周国梅, 吴迪等. 美国实施清洁空气法的效益与启迪[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2000, (3): 20
[26] 田夫. 我国环保产业发展态势综述[J]. 生态环境与保护, 2001, 2: 12-15
[27] 卢授永, 仲跻芳, 黄宏华. 全球化对中国环保产业的影响与对策[J]. 中国环境管理, 2000, (4): 16
[28] 邹声文. 我国环保投入占 GDP 比例节节攀升[N]. 中国环境报, 2001.12.4
[29] 王宇. 国外环保产业的发展[J]. 环保产业, 2001, (5): 43-45
[30] European trends in the water & wastewater treatment industry[J].World Pumps, 2000, 2000(406): 20-22
[31] Ochiai, Izumi. Environmental protection in the electronic and electrical industries[J]. Materials Processing Technology, 1996, 59(3): 233-238
[32] David R.Berg, Grant Ferrier and Jon Paugh. The U.S. Environmental Industry. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1998, (9): 23-28
[33] Doug Macdonald. Green Taxation and Environmental Policy [D], Paper Presented to the annual meeting of the Environmental Studies Association of Canada, June 5, 1995
[34] Statistics Canada, Environment Industry Survey, Business Sector[S], Catalogue No. 16F 0008XIE, 1998
[35] industry Canada, the Canadian environment industry at a glance[M], Feb, 2000
[36] UNDP. Human. Development Report 2001[R]
[37] Goktepe, Omer F. Regulations and management practices for accelerator facilities in the U.S. [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1995, 46(46): 1343-1347
[38] Johannesson, M., Hansson, S. O., Rudén, C. Risk management—the Swedish way[S]. Environmental Management. 1999, 57(4): 267-281
[39] McKay, Gordon. Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2002, 86(3): 343-368
[40] 翟红, 丁华. 大连市环保产业发展趋势分析[J]. 辽宁城乡环境科技. 2004, 24(2): 53-54