岳麓山植物群落数量分类、生物多样性及群落动态特征研究
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摘要
首次对岳麓山植物群落类型、结构、生物多样性、群落动态以及管理策略进行了研究。结果如下:
1.在大量的群落样方调查的基础上,我们采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)对岳麓山地区植物群落进行了数量分类。TWINSPAN将77个样方分为18组,结合调查区域的实际生态意义,根据《中国植被》分类的原则划分为5种植被型,18种群系。
2.通过分析岳麓山18种植物群落类型的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数可知:(1)对于某一个群落,这些指数都反映出基本一致的趋势,灌木层＞乔木层＞草本。(2)各项指数与森林类型有关,物种组成越丰富、群落结构越复杂,多样性指数越高;物种种类越少,优势种明显,林型结构简单,各项指数均较低。(3)影响物种多样性的因素很多,植物群落类型、人为干扰、演替阶段、生境条件差异等均对各项指数有一定的影响。(4)岳麓山β-多样性相异性系数较小,说明岳麓山植物群落之间的共有种比较多,不同群落之间物种组成的差异比较小。
3.通过TWINSPAN、DCA、优势种群生态位及种群动态分析,经过30多年城市公园管理后,岳麓山的植物群落正在向地带性植被亚热带常绿阔叶林恢复。岳麓山马尾松是一种处于衰退期的种群,有可能会被阔叶林所替代。枫香目前并在以后相当长的时间仍将是岳麓山的优势种群,但也表现出了一定程度的衰退,以后将向地带性植被亚热带常绿阔叶林恢复。为了保护这一闻名中外的“万山红遍、层林尽染”的景观,采取必要的人为干预是很重要的。针对岳麓山植被现状及其发展趋势,我们提出了关于植被管理的相关建议。
Plant community type、structure, biodiversity, community dynamics as well as management strategies have been studied in YueLu Mountain for the first time. Results are as follows:
1. Based on survey of substantial community plots, a quantitative classification of the plant communities in Yuelu Mountain was performed with TWINSPAN (Two Way Indicator Species Analysis) method. The conclusion showed that 77 quadrates were divided into 18 groups, combined with the actual ecological significance in the survey region. Based on the classification principle of the "China vegetation" which were divided into 5 vegetation types, 18 formations, and their community characteristics were also described.
2. The species richness index, diversity index and evenness index of the 18 kinds of plant community types in Yuelu Mountain are analyzed: (1) for a particular community, these indexes reflect the basic consistent tendency, shrub layer > tree layer > herb. (2) Regarding the species diversity index and the community types, the species composition is the more abundant, the community structure is the more complex and the diversity index is the higher. On the contrary, the number of the species is the fewer, the dominant species are the more obvious, the forest structure is the simpler, and the biodiversity index is the lower. (3) Many factors affect the biodiversity, such as the plant community types,the anthropic interference, the succession stages, the habitat conditions and so on. (4) The 8-diversity coefficient is the smaller, it shows that the same species are more among communities in Yuelu Mountain.
3. Through TWINSPAN, DCA, the dominant population niche and the population dynamic analysis, it shows that the plant communities are comebacking to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yuelu mountain after the metropolitan park management of more than 30 years. The Pinus massoniana population is in the course of decaying in Yuelu Mountain, it might be replaced by the broad-leaved forest. The Liquidambar Formosan population will still be the dominant population in Yuelu Mountain for a long time. In order to protect this well-known landscape from vanishing, adopting indispensable measure is very important. In view of the situation of the vegetation and the trend of development in Yuelu Mountain, we put forward the corrative suggestions of the vegetation management.
1.在大量的群落样方调查的基础上,我们采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)对岳麓山地区植物群落进行了数量分类。TWINSPAN将77个样方分为18组,结合调查区域的实际生态意义,根据《中国植被》分类的原则划分为5种植被型,18种群系。
2.通过分析岳麓山18种植物群落类型的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数可知:(1)对于某一个群落,这些指数都反映出基本一致的趋势,灌木层＞乔木层＞草本。(2)各项指数与森林类型有关,物种组成越丰富、群落结构越复杂,多样性指数越高;物种种类越少,优势种明显,林型结构简单,各项指数均较低。(3)影响物种多样性的因素很多,植物群落类型、人为干扰、演替阶段、生境条件差异等均对各项指数有一定的影响。(4)岳麓山β-多样性相异性系数较小,说明岳麓山植物群落之间的共有种比较多,不同群落之间物种组成的差异比较小。
3.通过TWINSPAN、DCA、优势种群生态位及种群动态分析,经过30多年城市公园管理后,岳麓山的植物群落正在向地带性植被亚热带常绿阔叶林恢复。岳麓山马尾松是一种处于衰退期的种群,有可能会被阔叶林所替代。枫香目前并在以后相当长的时间仍将是岳麓山的优势种群,但也表现出了一定程度的衰退,以后将向地带性植被亚热带常绿阔叶林恢复。为了保护这一闻名中外的“万山红遍、层林尽染”的景观,采取必要的人为干预是很重要的。针对岳麓山植被现状及其发展趋势,我们提出了关于植被管理的相关建议。
Plant community type、structure, biodiversity, community dynamics as well as management strategies have been studied in YueLu Mountain for the first time. Results are as follows:
1. Based on survey of substantial community plots, a quantitative classification of the plant communities in Yuelu Mountain was performed with TWINSPAN (Two Way Indicator Species Analysis) method. The conclusion showed that 77 quadrates were divided into 18 groups, combined with the actual ecological significance in the survey region. Based on the classification principle of the "China vegetation" which were divided into 5 vegetation types, 18 formations, and their community characteristics were also described.
2. The species richness index, diversity index and evenness index of the 18 kinds of plant community types in Yuelu Mountain are analyzed: (1) for a particular community, these indexes reflect the basic consistent tendency, shrub layer > tree layer > herb. (2) Regarding the species diversity index and the community types, the species composition is the more abundant, the community structure is the more complex and the diversity index is the higher. On the contrary, the number of the species is the fewer, the dominant species are the more obvious, the forest structure is the simpler, and the biodiversity index is the lower. (3) Many factors affect the biodiversity, such as the plant community types,the anthropic interference, the succession stages, the habitat conditions and so on. (4) The 8-diversity coefficient is the smaller, it shows that the same species are more among communities in Yuelu Mountain.
3. Through TWINSPAN, DCA, the dominant population niche and the population dynamic analysis, it shows that the plant communities are comebacking to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yuelu mountain after the metropolitan park management of more than 30 years. The Pinus massoniana population is in the course of decaying in Yuelu Mountain, it might be replaced by the broad-leaved forest. The Liquidambar Formosan population will still be the dominant population in Yuelu Mountain for a long time. In order to protect this well-known landscape from vanishing, adopting indispensable measure is very important. In view of the situation of the vegetation and the trend of development in Yuelu Mountain, we put forward the corrative suggestions of the vegetation management.
引文
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