螺杆气压式高低平衡机的优化设计研究
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摘要
本文以某新型大口径超轻型牵引火炮的高低机和平衡机作为研究对象,提出一种集螺杆式高低机和气压式平衡机功能于一体的高平机结构方案；应用现代设计理论及方法,对该高平机的设计方法进行深入探索。
螺杆气压式高平机性能易受到温度变化、密封性能等因素的影响,本文对上述因素进行了研究并提出相应的改进措施。由于该火炮起落部分质量较大、质心比较靠前,在按照传统方法设计高平机过程中,发现手轮力在某些射角范围内较大。因此,提出一种基于智能优化算法寻优的高平机设计方法,通过建立以最大不平衡力矩为目标函数的优化模型,采用多岛遗传算法对结构参数进行全局优化匹配以减小火炮起落部分的最大不平衡力矩,该方法可以提高计算效率、改善设计质量,为火炮高平机及类似功能部件的研究提供了一种具有普遍适用价值的设计方法。
建立高平机结构参数的优化模型,选择拉丁方试验设计方法对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,并在此基础上对设计变量进行筛选和设计空间调整；对采用的多岛遗传算法优化策略进行参数设置,提高了优化效率和全局寻优能力；将本文优化设计得到的结果和传统高平机设计结果进行对比,验证了本文设计方法的正确性及实用性。
根据优化结果建立高平机数学模型并对其进行特性分析研究；分别建立高平机在方向射角为0。,高低射角在-3。和65。两种工况下的有限元分析模型,并对其进行结构刚强度和稳定性校核,在此基础上对高平机进行轻量化改进。结果表明,在保证高平机结构刚强度和稳定性的前提下,得到了一种性能较好、质量较轻的结构方案。
The thesis deals with the elevating mechanism and equilibrating mechanism of a large-caliber ultra lightweight howitzer.An elevating and equilibrating mechanism which possesses the function of both screw and nut elevating-equilibrium and pressure balancer mechanism was put forward. Modern design theory and method was used to deeply research on the design method of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism.
The capability of the screw gas pressure elevating and equilibrating mechanism was affected by the factors such as the temperature, and sealing. The above factors were researched and a better project was put forward. A design method of elevating and equilibrating mechanism based on the optimization algorithm was put forward to optimize the maximum imbalance moment of rising and falling part of the howitzer due to the fact that the mass of the rising and falling part of the light towed howitzer was very big and the center of mass kept to the front, the force to handle the handwheel was too big according to the traditional design method. The maximum unbalanced moment was built as the objective function of optimization model, MIGA algorithm was used to achieve the maximum unbalanced moment of the rising and falling part of the light towed howitzer. The method was capable of improving the calculation efficiency and decreasing the mass, and provided a current design method to elevating and equilibrating mechanism of light towed howitzer and some similar components.
The optimization model of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism was built. Latin hypercubes design experiment was used to do sensitiveness analysis in order to filter design variables and adjust design space. The appropriate parameter of MIGA was set to improve the optimization efficiency and capability of to search the results. At last, the result of this thesis was compared with result of the traditional design method, the correctness and practicability of this method was approved.
The parameters were chosen according to the result of the optimization, a mathematic simulation was built to analyse the elevating and equilibrating mechanism's characstratic. The curve of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism's balance moment range from the high firing angle to the low firing angle was achieved. FEM model of 0 degree heading angle,-3 degrees height angle and 0 degree heading angle,65 degrees height angle was built to check the stiffness, intensity and stability, the lightweight improvement was based on the FEM model. The results the research showed that a structure of fine quality and lower weight was achieved and the stiffness, intensity and stability also fulfilled request.
螺杆气压式高平机性能易受到温度变化、密封性能等因素的影响,本文对上述因素进行了研究并提出相应的改进措施。由于该火炮起落部分质量较大、质心比较靠前,在按照传统方法设计高平机过程中,发现手轮力在某些射角范围内较大。因此,提出一种基于智能优化算法寻优的高平机设计方法,通过建立以最大不平衡力矩为目标函数的优化模型,采用多岛遗传算法对结构参数进行全局优化匹配以减小火炮起落部分的最大不平衡力矩,该方法可以提高计算效率、改善设计质量,为火炮高平机及类似功能部件的研究提供了一种具有普遍适用价值的设计方法。
建立高平机结构参数的优化模型,选择拉丁方试验设计方法对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,并在此基础上对设计变量进行筛选和设计空间调整；对采用的多岛遗传算法优化策略进行参数设置,提高了优化效率和全局寻优能力；将本文优化设计得到的结果和传统高平机设计结果进行对比,验证了本文设计方法的正确性及实用性。
根据优化结果建立高平机数学模型并对其进行特性分析研究；分别建立高平机在方向射角为0。,高低射角在-3。和65。两种工况下的有限元分析模型,并对其进行结构刚强度和稳定性校核,在此基础上对高平机进行轻量化改进。结果表明,在保证高平机结构刚强度和稳定性的前提下,得到了一种性能较好、质量较轻的结构方案。
The thesis deals with the elevating mechanism and equilibrating mechanism of a large-caliber ultra lightweight howitzer.An elevating and equilibrating mechanism which possesses the function of both screw and nut elevating-equilibrium and pressure balancer mechanism was put forward. Modern design theory and method was used to deeply research on the design method of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism.
The capability of the screw gas pressure elevating and equilibrating mechanism was affected by the factors such as the temperature, and sealing. The above factors were researched and a better project was put forward. A design method of elevating and equilibrating mechanism based on the optimization algorithm was put forward to optimize the maximum imbalance moment of rising and falling part of the howitzer due to the fact that the mass of the rising and falling part of the light towed howitzer was very big and the center of mass kept to the front, the force to handle the handwheel was too big according to the traditional design method. The maximum unbalanced moment was built as the objective function of optimization model, MIGA algorithm was used to achieve the maximum unbalanced moment of the rising and falling part of the light towed howitzer. The method was capable of improving the calculation efficiency and decreasing the mass, and provided a current design method to elevating and equilibrating mechanism of light towed howitzer and some similar components.
The optimization model of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism was built. Latin hypercubes design experiment was used to do sensitiveness analysis in order to filter design variables and adjust design space. The appropriate parameter of MIGA was set to improve the optimization efficiency and capability of to search the results. At last, the result of this thesis was compared with result of the traditional design method, the correctness and practicability of this method was approved.
The parameters were chosen according to the result of the optimization, a mathematic simulation was built to analyse the elevating and equilibrating mechanism's characstratic. The curve of the elevating and equilibrating mechanism's balance moment range from the high firing angle to the low firing angle was achieved. FEM model of 0 degree heading angle,-3 degrees height angle and 0 degree heading angle,65 degrees height angle was built to check the stiffness, intensity and stability, the lightweight improvement was based on the FEM model. The results the research showed that a structure of fine quality and lower weight was achieved and the stiffness, intensity and stability also fulfilled request.
引文
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[5]陈运生.液体气压式高低平衡机运动计算和结构分析.南京理工大学学报.1994(2)：43-49
[6]谈乐斌,张相炎,管红根等.火炮概论.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005
[7]江亮.动平衡机设计平台的开发与应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005
[8]杨志清.扭杆式平衡机的稳健设计研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[9]陈伟,黄亮,胡清远,万成.某平衡机弹簧簧力衰减的处理及改进.四川兵工学报,2009,30(2)：87-88
[10]谈乐斌,张莉芳,张月林.气压式平衡机的优化设计.火炮发射与控制学报,1998(3)：25-28
[11]高跃飞,张旭翔,徐鹏,朱春梅.自动补偿液体气压式平衡机原理及研究.火炮发射与控制学报,2000(1)：20-24
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[13]吴迎春.基于MATLAB的高平机结构优化设计.制造业信息化,2007(10)：98-99
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[15]顾克秋,张鸽.火炮高低机刚度的有限元计算方法.四川兵工学报,2000,22(1)：15-17
[16]陶凤和,徐书林.火炮高低机制动方式的改进.火炮发射与控制学报,1997(2)：54-56
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[18]崔凯波,秦俊奇,贾长治等.火炮高低机缓冲制动过程振动分析与仿真研究.火炮发射与控制学报,2011(1)：6-9
[19]邓辉咏,马吉胜,许中山,王炎.考虑高低机碟簧缓冲作用的火炮动力学分析.军械工程学院学报,2011,23(2)：39-41
[20]高弘康.美国火炮反后坐装置的设计.北京：国防工业出版社,1982
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