连续梁桥沥青混凝土桥面铺装层的结构设计研究
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摘要
随着公路桥梁建设的快速发展,桥梁结构不断创新,大跨径桥梁已很普遍。但是,随着交通量和重型车辆的增加,许多桥梁建成后不久铺装层就出现了严重的破损、开裂、坑槽、拥抱等早期病害,不仅严重影响了交通的顺畅,而且给桥梁本身也带来了很大的危害。由于对车辆荷载作用下沥青混凝土桥面铺装层的力学响应机理特别是动力学响应机理缺乏系统的研究,在进行桥梁结构设计时对桥面铺装层设计一般不作专门的计算分析,这就为铺装层早期病害的发生埋下了隐患。本文利用ANSYS有限元通用软件,从桥梁的结构特性入手,将梁板与铺装层作为一个整体结构进了系统的静力学、动力学分析,全面研究了桥面铺装层在车辆荷载作用下的损坏机理,提出了沥青混凝土桥面铺装层结构设计的控制指标和合理的设计方法,为今后沥青混凝土桥面铺装层的结构设计探讨了一个新的研究方向,具有重要的理论价值。
为了有效防治铺装层疲劳开裂、推移拥抱、离散剥落等早期病害,系统研究了车辆荷载作用下铺装层应力、应变随铺装层厚度、荷载和车速(加载频率)的变化规律,明确了车辆荷载作用下铺装层的破坏机理,提出了以铺装层顶面容许纵向拉应变、底面容许纵向剪应力、底面容许竖向拉应力和顶面容许纵向剪应变作为桥面铺装层结构设计的四项控制指标。
通过静力学分析与动力学分析的比较,发现铺装层在静载和动载作用下应力应变随厚度、荷载及车速的变化规律相吻合。因此,在充分考虑应力、应变时效性的基础上,提出了将桥面铺装层在移动荷载作用下的动力效应问题等效转换为静力响应问题进行处理的设计原则。确定了动力效应系数指标(DEI),并且依据此指标提出了铺装层结构设计的合理方法。
通过分析车辆荷载作用下铺装层应力应变随厚度的变化规律可知,增加铺装层厚度对于降低铺装层应力、应变的作用是有限的,桥面铺装层合理的设计方案取决于梁跨本身的结构。因此,桥面铺装层的结构设计决不应该成为桥梁设计的附属品,而应该成为桥梁设计中必不可少的一部分内容。
The innovation on structure of bridges has been happening continuously with the development of bridges construction, and the long-span bridges have been at large. But serious early diseases have been occurred on many new constructed bridges such as dilapidation、crack、groove and process etc, which not only depressed the traffic fluency seriously, but also resulted in great harm on the girder itself. Dew to the lack of systematical study about the response mechanism, especially about the dynamic response mechanism, for the asphalt concrete pavement under the vehicle loads, there is no professional calculation analysis for the design of asphalt pavement during the design of the bridge, which result in incipient fault for the pavement early diseases. In this paper, taking the girder and asphalt pavement as a ensemble, we study systematiccally about the response mechanism for the asphalt concrete pavement under the vehicle loads, and establish the guideposts for the design of asphalt pavement. Finally, we build up the reasonable method for the design of asphalt pavement, as indicated a new direction for the structural design of the asphalt pavement.
In order to prevent effectively the early diseases of the pavement, we study systematically the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the vehicle loads.And we established four guideposts for the design of asphalt pavement: tolerant longitudinal tensile strain、tolerant longitudinal sheared stress、tolerant vertical tensile stress、tolerant longitudinal sheared strain.
Comparing the static analysis with the dynamic analysis, we draw a conclusion that the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the static loads is in accord with that under the moving loads. Therefore , considering the perdurability of the stress and strain completely, we define the Dynamic Effective Index and build up the method for the design of asphalt pavement that transforms a dynamic problem to a static problem according to equality of the integral.
By studying the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the vehicle loads, we can get that it is limited just by increasing the pavement thickness to reduce the stress and strain, and the reasonable designing scheme for bridge pavement is determined by the structure of the girder itselt. Therefore ,the design of the asphalt pavement is not an appendant but a necessary important part in the design of the whole bridge.
为了有效防治铺装层疲劳开裂、推移拥抱、离散剥落等早期病害,系统研究了车辆荷载作用下铺装层应力、应变随铺装层厚度、荷载和车速(加载频率)的变化规律,明确了车辆荷载作用下铺装层的破坏机理,提出了以铺装层顶面容许纵向拉应变、底面容许纵向剪应力、底面容许竖向拉应力和顶面容许纵向剪应变作为桥面铺装层结构设计的四项控制指标。
通过静力学分析与动力学分析的比较,发现铺装层在静载和动载作用下应力应变随厚度、荷载及车速的变化规律相吻合。因此,在充分考虑应力、应变时效性的基础上,提出了将桥面铺装层在移动荷载作用下的动力效应问题等效转换为静力响应问题进行处理的设计原则。确定了动力效应系数指标(DEI),并且依据此指标提出了铺装层结构设计的合理方法。
通过分析车辆荷载作用下铺装层应力应变随厚度的变化规律可知,增加铺装层厚度对于降低铺装层应力、应变的作用是有限的,桥面铺装层合理的设计方案取决于梁跨本身的结构。因此,桥面铺装层的结构设计决不应该成为桥梁设计的附属品,而应该成为桥梁设计中必不可少的一部分内容。
The innovation on structure of bridges has been happening continuously with the development of bridges construction, and the long-span bridges have been at large. But serious early diseases have been occurred on many new constructed bridges such as dilapidation、crack、groove and process etc, which not only depressed the traffic fluency seriously, but also resulted in great harm on the girder itself. Dew to the lack of systematical study about the response mechanism, especially about the dynamic response mechanism, for the asphalt concrete pavement under the vehicle loads, there is no professional calculation analysis for the design of asphalt pavement during the design of the bridge, which result in incipient fault for the pavement early diseases. In this paper, taking the girder and asphalt pavement as a ensemble, we study systematiccally about the response mechanism for the asphalt concrete pavement under the vehicle loads, and establish the guideposts for the design of asphalt pavement. Finally, we build up the reasonable method for the design of asphalt pavement, as indicated a new direction for the structural design of the asphalt pavement.
In order to prevent effectively the early diseases of the pavement, we study systematically the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the vehicle loads.And we established four guideposts for the design of asphalt pavement: tolerant longitudinal tensile strain、tolerant longitudinal sheared stress、tolerant vertical tensile stress、tolerant longitudinal sheared strain.
Comparing the static analysis with the dynamic analysis, we draw a conclusion that the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the static loads is in accord with that under the moving loads. Therefore , considering the perdurability of the stress and strain completely, we define the Dynamic Effective Index and build up the method for the design of asphalt pavement that transforms a dynamic problem to a static problem according to equality of the integral.
By studying the regularity of the stress and strain with the variable pavement thickness、loads and velocity for the pavement under the vehicle loads, we can get that it is limited just by increasing the pavement thickness to reduce the stress and strain, and the reasonable designing scheme for bridge pavement is determined by the structure of the girder itselt. Therefore ,the design of the asphalt pavement is not an appendant but a necessary important part in the design of the whole bridge.
引文
[1]何锋.沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期破坏研究.同济大学硕士毕业论文.2006
[2]赵伟.考虑层间粘结状况影响的桥面铺装层受力分析与断裂滑移研究.重庆交通大学硕士毕业论文.2007
[3]徐勤武.水泥混凝土桥梁桥面铺装计算分析和设计研究.长安大学硕士毕业论文。2004
[4]李震,彭子泳.沥青混凝土桥面铺装设计与施工技术研究.大众科技.2002(2):6-8
[5]Zhoujianbin,Proper Thickness of Bridge Deck Pavement and Its Application to Consolidating Bridge,Second Asia Pacific Conference of Transportation and the Environment
[6]Yoon-Ho Cho,Chiu Liu,Terry Dossey and B.Frank Mc Cullough.(1998).Asphalt overlayer design methods for rigid pavements considering rutting,reflection cracking,and fatigue cracking.The University of Texas at Austin,86-102
[7]张占军.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构研究.西安公路交通大学硕士毕业论文.2000
[8]李少波.桥梁病害防治措施的研究.河北工业大学硕士毕业论文.2000
[9]王涓.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装防水粘结层的性能研究.东南大学硕士毕业论文.2003
[10]许涛,喻宝金,黄晓明.混凝土桥沥青铺装层病害的机理分析与对策研究.华东公路.2003(6):43-46
[11]黄小凯.沥青混凝土桥面铺装病害原因分析.科技信息.2007(32):477
[12]梁树才.沥青混凝土桥面铺装病害分析及预防处治措施.林业科技情报.2004(39):68-69
[13]王洪波,安民.沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期病害原因分析及铺装设计方法讨论.安阳工学院学报.2006(2):42-45
[14]任德华,董善勤.桥面铺装层结构设计及早期病害分析.城市道桥与防洪.2006(1):12-14
[15]张越,张传银,孙国友.论沥青混凝土桥面铺装设计理论.山西建筑.2007(1):296-297
[16]徐洪涛.桥面铺装层的受力分析及承载力研究.河北工业大学硕士毕业论文.2003
[17]王秀云.对沥青混凝土桥面的病害分析及设计方法的研究.市政与路桥.2005(12):156
[18]罗昊冲,曹景.桥面铺装层病害分析与结构设计的选择.城市道桥与防洪.2007(8):63-65
[19]许涛,黄晓明.桥面铺装材料设计参数对铺装层受力影响.公路交通科技.2007(9):32-36
[20]陈静云,王京元.沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期病害原因分析和结构设计方法综述.东北公路.2003(2):99-101
[21]赵锋军,易伟建,李宇峙.桥面沥青铺装设计新方法.土木工程学报.2006(10):74-86
[22]黄立葵,孙晓立,易志华.路面结构的动荷载效应及对反分析结果的影响.湖南大学学报.2003(4):78-81
[23]顾兴宇.悬索桥桥面沥青铺装层力学分析及结构设计研究.东南大学博士毕业论文.2002
[24]J.Petrolito,BW.Golley.Vibration of thick plates using finite Strip-elements.Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering,2000
[25]Dongzhou Huang,Ton-Lo WangoVibration of Thin-Walled Box-Girder Bridges Excited by Vehicles.Journal of Structural Engineering.September,1995:1330-1337
[26]N Jalili.Dynamic interaction of vehicles moving on uniform bridges.Proc.Instn Mech.Engrs.April 2002:343-351
[27]盛可鉴.简支转连续连续梁桥车桥振动特性计算分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士毕业论文.2005
[28]J.G.S.da Silva.Dynamical performance of highway bridge decks with irregular pavement surface.Computers & Structures.2004,82(11):871-881
[29]刘洪涛,李军兵,王光辉.桥面铺装层病害成因分析.山西建筑.2007,33 (26):323-324
[30]姜艳丽,刘晓伟.桥面铺装设计探讨.市政与路桥.2005(26):236
[31]柯国军,郭长青,胡绍全等.混凝土阻尼比研究.建筑材料学报.2004,7(1):35-40
[32]黄成造,钟鸣,黄新元等.无防水层混凝土桥面铺装设计方法的研究.广东公路交通.2000(66):51-54
[33]ANSYS基本分析指南.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处
[34]陶向华,黄晓明,刘萌成.车辆荷载作用下路桥段结构的动态响应分析.公路交通科技.2005,22(9):7-11
[35]张占军,胡长顺,王秉纲.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构设计方法研究.中国公路学报.2001,14(1):56-59
[36]许涛.大跨径混凝土桥梁桥面铺装结构研究.东南大学博士毕业论文.2004
[37]孟书涛,黄晓明.柔性基层沥青路面沥青混合料优化设计研究.公路交通科技.2006,23(1):1-19
[38]ANSYS动力学分析指南.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处
[39]R.W.Clough.J.Penzien.结构动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981
[40]聂善文.低温环境下沥青混合料的极限应力与极限应变测试.公路与汽运.2002(2):32-33
[41]刘汉清.沥青混合料的极限应力与极限应变测试.公路.2003(6):150-152
[42]贺宁.沥青混凝土面层底面容许拉应变验算.隧道建设.2007,27(2):47-53
[43]韩海峰,何桂平,吕伟民.沥青混合料永久变形特性对结合料广义动态剪切模量的响应.公路交通科技.2004,21(3):1-5
[2]赵伟.考虑层间粘结状况影响的桥面铺装层受力分析与断裂滑移研究.重庆交通大学硕士毕业论文.2007
[3]徐勤武.水泥混凝土桥梁桥面铺装计算分析和设计研究.长安大学硕士毕业论文。2004
[4]李震,彭子泳.沥青混凝土桥面铺装设计与施工技术研究.大众科技.2002(2):6-8
[5]Zhoujianbin,Proper Thickness of Bridge Deck Pavement and Its Application to Consolidating Bridge,Second Asia Pacific Conference of Transportation and the Environment
[6]Yoon-Ho Cho,Chiu Liu,Terry Dossey and B.Frank Mc Cullough.(1998).Asphalt overlayer design methods for rigid pavements considering rutting,reflection cracking,and fatigue cracking.The University of Texas at Austin,86-102
[7]张占军.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构研究.西安公路交通大学硕士毕业论文.2000
[8]李少波.桥梁病害防治措施的研究.河北工业大学硕士毕业论文.2000
[9]王涓.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装防水粘结层的性能研究.东南大学硕士毕业论文.2003
[10]许涛,喻宝金,黄晓明.混凝土桥沥青铺装层病害的机理分析与对策研究.华东公路.2003(6):43-46
[11]黄小凯.沥青混凝土桥面铺装病害原因分析.科技信息.2007(32):477
[12]梁树才.沥青混凝土桥面铺装病害分析及预防处治措施.林业科技情报.2004(39):68-69
[13]王洪波,安民.沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期病害原因分析及铺装设计方法讨论.安阳工学院学报.2006(2):42-45
[14]任德华,董善勤.桥面铺装层结构设计及早期病害分析.城市道桥与防洪.2006(1):12-14
[15]张越,张传银,孙国友.论沥青混凝土桥面铺装设计理论.山西建筑.2007(1):296-297
[16]徐洪涛.桥面铺装层的受力分析及承载力研究.河北工业大学硕士毕业论文.2003
[17]王秀云.对沥青混凝土桥面的病害分析及设计方法的研究.市政与路桥.2005(12):156
[18]罗昊冲,曹景.桥面铺装层病害分析与结构设计的选择.城市道桥与防洪.2007(8):63-65
[19]许涛,黄晓明.桥面铺装材料设计参数对铺装层受力影响.公路交通科技.2007(9):32-36
[20]陈静云,王京元.沥青混凝土桥面铺装早期病害原因分析和结构设计方法综述.东北公路.2003(2):99-101
[21]赵锋军,易伟建,李宇峙.桥面沥青铺装设计新方法.土木工程学报.2006(10):74-86
[22]黄立葵,孙晓立,易志华.路面结构的动荷载效应及对反分析结果的影响.湖南大学学报.2003(4):78-81
[23]顾兴宇.悬索桥桥面沥青铺装层力学分析及结构设计研究.东南大学博士毕业论文.2002
[24]J.Petrolito,BW.Golley.Vibration of thick plates using finite Strip-elements.Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering,2000
[25]Dongzhou Huang,Ton-Lo WangoVibration of Thin-Walled Box-Girder Bridges Excited by Vehicles.Journal of Structural Engineering.September,1995:1330-1337
[26]N Jalili.Dynamic interaction of vehicles moving on uniform bridges.Proc.Instn Mech.Engrs.April 2002:343-351
[27]盛可鉴.简支转连续连续梁桥车桥振动特性计算分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士毕业论文.2005
[28]J.G.S.da Silva.Dynamical performance of highway bridge decks with irregular pavement surface.Computers & Structures.2004,82(11):871-881
[29]刘洪涛,李军兵,王光辉.桥面铺装层病害成因分析.山西建筑.2007,33 (26):323-324
[30]姜艳丽,刘晓伟.桥面铺装设计探讨.市政与路桥.2005(26):236
[31]柯国军,郭长青,胡绍全等.混凝土阻尼比研究.建筑材料学报.2004,7(1):35-40
[32]黄成造,钟鸣,黄新元等.无防水层混凝土桥面铺装设计方法的研究.广东公路交通.2000(66):51-54
[33]ANSYS基本分析指南.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处
[34]陶向华,黄晓明,刘萌成.车辆荷载作用下路桥段结构的动态响应分析.公路交通科技.2005,22(9):7-11
[35]张占军,胡长顺,王秉纲.水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构设计方法研究.中国公路学报.2001,14(1):56-59
[36]许涛.大跨径混凝土桥梁桥面铺装结构研究.东南大学博士毕业论文.2004
[37]孟书涛,黄晓明.柔性基层沥青路面沥青混合料优化设计研究.公路交通科技.2006,23(1):1-19
[38]ANSYS动力学分析指南.美国ANSYS公司北京办事处
[39]R.W.Clough.J.Penzien.结构动力学.北京:科学出版社,1981
[40]聂善文.低温环境下沥青混合料的极限应力与极限应变测试.公路与汽运.2002(2):32-33
[41]刘汉清.沥青混合料的极限应力与极限应变测试.公路.2003(6):150-152
[42]贺宁.沥青混凝土面层底面容许拉应变验算.隧道建设.2007,27(2):47-53
[43]韩海峰,何桂平,吕伟民.沥青混合料永久变形特性对结合料广义动态剪切模量的响应.公路交通科技.2004,21(3):1-5