三江古特提斯南段剑川苦橄玢岩岩石学和地球化学研究
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摘要
古特提斯构造域具有复杂的地质构造史，包括古特提斯洋的开启、俯冲和闭合，随之新特提斯洋的开启，古生代-中生代时期由于弧-陆碰撞而发生的造山作用，以及喜马拉雅期的陆-陆碰撞造山作用。剑川位于古特提斯洋缝合带最南端，该地区出露OIB型苦橄质次火山岩，大部分岩体呈近N-S向分布，呈脉状或者浑圆状，出露面积较小，一般只有几百平方米，最大的约0.1km~2。苦橄玢岩中斜长石的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar坪年龄为201.7-190.6Ma。苦橄玢岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石组成，其中橄榄石主要为贵橄榄石，Mg~#最高可达88.8。绝大多数单斜辉石属于普通辉石，单斜辉石的TiO_2（0.62~2.84wt%）、Al_2O_3（1.86~5.15wt%）和Na_2O（0.23~0.61wt%）含量较低。苦橄玢岩具有相对较低的SiO_2（43.9-46.1wt%）和高的MgO（18.9-26.7wt%）值。苦橄玢岩还显示与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）相似的地球化学特征。相对于重稀土元素（HREE）较富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE）（LaN/YbN=7.12-10.24），且无明显的Eu负异常，也没有显示Nb，Ta和Ti等高场强元素的负异常。根据橄榄石-熔体平衡原理，恢复的苦橄玢岩的原始岩浆为苦橄质岩浆（MgO>12wt%,为18.5~20.5wt%）。苦橄玢岩具有较高的初始(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i比值（0.705253-0.705640），负的εNd(t)值（-1.28to-1.69）和较高的放射性Pb同位素比值（(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=18.165-18.343，(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=15.558-15.523，(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=38.547-38.741）。微量元素模拟结果表明，苦橄质岩浆来源于石榴子石相地幔橄榄岩，是其在高温高压条件下（~1580°C，~2.88Gpa）低度部分熔融（4~6%）的产物。结合区域地质，我们推测剑川苦橄玢岩是古特提斯洋到新特提斯洋转换期间的产物。在古特提斯洋到新特提斯洋转化的过程中，向西俯冲的金沙江大洋板片在晚三叠世-早侏罗世发生断离，形成板片窗，导致软流圈上涌，上涌的软流圈发生部分熔融，形成了剑川苦橄玢岩，进而结束了古特提斯洋的演化历史，新特提斯洋以弧后盆地的形式开启。
The Paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain has a complex geological andtectonic history, including the opening, subduction and closure of thePaleo-Tethyan Ocean, subsequent opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean,arc-continent collision during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic period, andcontinent-continent collision during the Himalayan period. We report picriticporphyrites from the Jianchuan area in western Yunnan, within theSanjiang-Tethyan Tectonic Domain (STTD), forming part of the thesoutheastern segment of the Paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain, east of theHimalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Feldspar~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau ages from theporphyrites range from201.7Ma to190.6Ma. The picritic porphyrites areN-S trending dykes or small stocks, having the area of hundreds of squarekilometres with the lagest area to0.1square kilometres. The OIB-type picriticporphyries, comprises olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, outcrop inJianchuan area, western Yunnan, and the olivine is predominantly chrysolitewith the Mg~#maximum of88.8. The results show that most clinopyroxenes inthe Jianchuan area are augite, containing relatively lower TiO_2(0.62~2.84wt%), Al_2O_3(1.86~5.15wt%) and Na_2O (0.23~0.61wt%). Feldspar40Ar-39Arplateau ages from the porphyrites range from201.7Ma to190.6Ma.Geochemically, the picritic porphyrites are characterized by relatively lowSiO_2(43.9~46.1wt%) and high MgO (18.9~26.7wt%), and display oceanisland basalt (OIB)-like signatures, characterized by the enrichment of lightrare earth element (LREE）and large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative tohigh rare earth element (HREE: LaN/YbN=7.12~10.24). These rocks also showthe absence of prominent Eu anomalies and lack of Nb, Ta and Ti troughs. Onthe basis of olivine-melt equilibrium, the parental magma that produced theporphyrites is estimated to be picritic magma with MgO content of18.5~20.5wt%. The rocks show relatively high initial (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)iratios (0.705253to 0.705640), negative εNd(t) values (-1.28to-1.69) and radiogenic Pb((~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=18.165to18.343,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=15.558to15.523, and(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=38.547to38.741). Trace element modeling suggests that thepicritic magma was generated by relatively low degree of partial melting(4~6%) of a peridotite source of the garnet transition at high temperature(~1580°C) and pressure (~2.88Gpa) conditions. In combination with theregional geology, we infer that the picritic porphyrites were generated in thetransitional phase between the termination of the Paleo-Tethys Oceanevolution and onset of the Neo-Tethys Ocean evolution, when the break-off ofthe Jinshajiang oceanic slab that subducted westward underneath the Indiaplate during the late Triassic to early Jurassic opened a slab window allowingasthenospheric upwelling and partial melting.
The Paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain has a complex geological andtectonic history, including the opening, subduction and closure of thePaleo-Tethyan Ocean, subsequent opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean,arc-continent collision during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic period, andcontinent-continent collision during the Himalayan period. We report picriticporphyrites from the Jianchuan area in western Yunnan, within theSanjiang-Tethyan Tectonic Domain (STTD), forming part of the thesoutheastern segment of the Paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain, east of theHimalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Feldspar~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar plateau ages from theporphyrites range from201.7Ma to190.6Ma. The picritic porphyrites areN-S trending dykes or small stocks, having the area of hundreds of squarekilometres with the lagest area to0.1square kilometres. The OIB-type picriticporphyries, comprises olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, outcrop inJianchuan area, western Yunnan, and the olivine is predominantly chrysolitewith the Mg~#maximum of88.8. The results show that most clinopyroxenes inthe Jianchuan area are augite, containing relatively lower TiO_2(0.62~2.84wt%), Al_2O_3(1.86~5.15wt%) and Na_2O (0.23~0.61wt%). Feldspar40Ar-39Arplateau ages from the porphyrites range from201.7Ma to190.6Ma.Geochemically, the picritic porphyrites are characterized by relatively lowSiO_2(43.9~46.1wt%) and high MgO (18.9~26.7wt%), and display oceanisland basalt (OIB)-like signatures, characterized by the enrichment of lightrare earth element (LREE）and large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative tohigh rare earth element (HREE: LaN/YbN=7.12~10.24). These rocks also showthe absence of prominent Eu anomalies and lack of Nb, Ta and Ti troughs. Onthe basis of olivine-melt equilibrium, the parental magma that produced theporphyrites is estimated to be picritic magma with MgO content of18.5~20.5wt%. The rocks show relatively high initial (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)iratios (0.705253to 0.705640), negative εNd(t) values (-1.28to-1.69) and radiogenic Pb((~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=18.165to18.343,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=15.558to15.523, and(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)t=38.547to38.741). Trace element modeling suggests that thepicritic magma was generated by relatively low degree of partial melting(4~6%) of a peridotite source of the garnet transition at high temperature(~1580°C) and pressure (~2.88Gpa) conditions. In combination with theregional geology, we infer that the picritic porphyrites were generated in thetransitional phase between the termination of the Paleo-Tethys Oceanevolution and onset of the Neo-Tethys Ocean evolution, when the break-off ofthe Jinshajiang oceanic slab that subducted westward underneath the Indiaplate during the late Triassic to early Jurassic opened a slab window allowingasthenospheric upwelling and partial melting.
引文
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