基于GPRS的仪表数据采集与监控系统
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摘要
本文针对通用分组无线业务(GPRS)通信技术在仪表数据采集的应用中所面临的诸多问题,在以下儿方面进行了较为系统的研究工作:首先研究和分析了GPRS技术的诸多国际协议,提出了GPRS建立数据业务的技术难点和要求,总结并归纳了在GPRS网络上建立PPP连接的几种实现方式,确定了本课题研究的技术路线和设计思路;其次研究了基于GPRS的组网方式,提出了GPRS网和Internet结合构建仪表数据采集系统的合理性及其具体实现方案,解决了数据中心接入Internet的两个关键技术——动态域名和端口映射;再次研究了国际点对点(PPP)协议,揭示了建立PPP连接的实质,提出了精简实现PPP连接的软件设计思路,并研究了在PPP协议框架中嵌入TCP/IP协议进行数据传输的实现方式;最后从GPRS终端的软硬件实现和数据中心的软件编写等方面完成了基于GPRS的数据采集系统。论文共七章,分述如下:
第一章分析了仪表数据采集所用传统方法的优缺点;介绍了本课题研究的内容和解决的问题。
第二章介绍了GPRS的特点,详细解析了GPRS网络各功能块和接口及它们之间的关系,从GPRS系列国际通信协议中归纳出GPRS网络与外部数据网的接口规程;分析了GPRS网和Internet的连接关系,以及网数据通信的实现方式,并提出本课题的总体思路。
第三章讨论了仪表数据采集系统的几种组网方式,重点分析了数据中心接入Internet的各种方式,以及架构网络的两个关键技术——动态域名和端口映射的原理与实现。
第四章主要介绍了GPRS终端的硬件设计,包括三星ARM7内核微处理芯片S3C44B0X的最小系统设计,以及在此最小系统中嵌入GPRS模块MC35i和RS485接口的硬件设计。
第五章按照GPRS终端拨号上网所需过程,结合工程实例分节阐述了GPRS终端的拨号软件设计。具体讨论AT指令以及如何用AT指令让MC35i拨号上网;介绍点对点协议(PPP)原理和实质以及建立PPP连接的程序实现。
第六章讨论如何在PPP中嵌入TCP/IP(主要介绍UDP和TCP)数据包,介绍UDP应用的一个实例——DNS查询程序,介绍GPRS终端如何采集仪表数据并嵌入到UDP协议中进行可靠数据通信的程序设计。
第七章介绍数据中心的软件设计。首先介绍了在原有UDP协议上自定义的通信协议;然后分析了数据中心程序设计流程图;最后通过例子说明了数据中心用户界面的设计。
This paper aims to solve the problems encountered when we structure a large wireless meters data acquisition and monitoring system based on GPRS communication technology. According to the requirements of solving the problem, this paper mainly researches serveral fields as follows: First studies and analyzes series of international GPRS protocols, puts forward technological difficulties and requirements during estabilishing GPRS data service channels, concludes the realizing ways about how to estabilish PPP link, makes certain the technical line and design idea to this subject; Second researches several means structuring the data acquisition networks based on GPRS networks, proves more reasonable to structure data acquisition system based on GPRS and Internet communication networks and works out its concrete realizing scheme, parses the principle and realization about two key technologies—Dynamic Domain Name and Port Mapping , which are often encountered when connecting the data center server to Internet; Third researches international Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), exposes its essential and tidy programming-scheme, and also explains how to embed TCP/IP (including UDP and TCP) datagram into PPP datagram to exchange data; Finally expatiates on overall realization process of the data acquisition system based on GPRS by several chapters, from hardware and software design of GPRS terminal equipment to programming of data center server.This paper consists of seven chapters:The chapter 1 makes clear relative merits of the traditional ways about meter data acquisition and monitoring system, and then introduces the contents and the solved problems of this paper.The chapter 2 first presents the features of GPRS; then analyzes the functions and relationship of GPRS network cells and interfaces at detail; at last makes great efforts to conclude the interface protocols between the GPRS and external data networks from serials of GPRS international communication technology documents. The chaper parses the relation of connection between the GPRS and Internet networks, makes clear the data communication mechanism of GPRS, and works out the design scheme of the subject.The chapter 3 mainly discusses several means we structure the networks. Here more importance will be attached to the ones the data center server (DCS) accesses the Internet. Since the technologies of dynamic domain name and port mapping are important and usually used, here also gives detailed analyses, even describes how to carry out it.The chapter 4 works out the hardware design of GPRS terminal equipment, including the minimum system design based on the SumSung ARM7-core microcontroller S3C44B0X, and the hardware design adding the GPRS engine MC35i produced by Siemens and RS485 interface to the minimum system.The chapter 5, according to dial-up procedure, describes how to design the MC35i dial-up program. Here introduces some important subsets of AT command sets, and also describes how to use them to dial up MC35i; analyzes the principle of the point-to-point protocol, and also demonstrates how to establish the wireless link to GPRS by practical example.
第一章分析了仪表数据采集所用传统方法的优缺点;介绍了本课题研究的内容和解决的问题。
第二章介绍了GPRS的特点,详细解析了GPRS网络各功能块和接口及它们之间的关系,从GPRS系列国际通信协议中归纳出GPRS网络与外部数据网的接口规程;分析了GPRS网和Internet的连接关系,以及网数据通信的实现方式,并提出本课题的总体思路。
第三章讨论了仪表数据采集系统的几种组网方式,重点分析了数据中心接入Internet的各种方式,以及架构网络的两个关键技术——动态域名和端口映射的原理与实现。
第四章主要介绍了GPRS终端的硬件设计,包括三星ARM7内核微处理芯片S3C44B0X的最小系统设计,以及在此最小系统中嵌入GPRS模块MC35i和RS485接口的硬件设计。
第五章按照GPRS终端拨号上网所需过程,结合工程实例分节阐述了GPRS终端的拨号软件设计。具体讨论AT指令以及如何用AT指令让MC35i拨号上网;介绍点对点协议(PPP)原理和实质以及建立PPP连接的程序实现。
第六章讨论如何在PPP中嵌入TCP/IP(主要介绍UDP和TCP)数据包,介绍UDP应用的一个实例——DNS查询程序,介绍GPRS终端如何采集仪表数据并嵌入到UDP协议中进行可靠数据通信的程序设计。
第七章介绍数据中心的软件设计。首先介绍了在原有UDP协议上自定义的通信协议;然后分析了数据中心程序设计流程图;最后通过例子说明了数据中心用户界面的设计。
This paper aims to solve the problems encountered when we structure a large wireless meters data acquisition and monitoring system based on GPRS communication technology. According to the requirements of solving the problem, this paper mainly researches serveral fields as follows: First studies and analyzes series of international GPRS protocols, puts forward technological difficulties and requirements during estabilishing GPRS data service channels, concludes the realizing ways about how to estabilish PPP link, makes certain the technical line and design idea to this subject; Second researches several means structuring the data acquisition networks based on GPRS networks, proves more reasonable to structure data acquisition system based on GPRS and Internet communication networks and works out its concrete realizing scheme, parses the principle and realization about two key technologies—Dynamic Domain Name and Port Mapping , which are often encountered when connecting the data center server to Internet; Third researches international Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), exposes its essential and tidy programming-scheme, and also explains how to embed TCP/IP (including UDP and TCP) datagram into PPP datagram to exchange data; Finally expatiates on overall realization process of the data acquisition system based on GPRS by several chapters, from hardware and software design of GPRS terminal equipment to programming of data center server.This paper consists of seven chapters:The chapter 1 makes clear relative merits of the traditional ways about meter data acquisition and monitoring system, and then introduces the contents and the solved problems of this paper.The chapter 2 first presents the features of GPRS; then analyzes the functions and relationship of GPRS network cells and interfaces at detail; at last makes great efforts to conclude the interface protocols between the GPRS and external data networks from serials of GPRS international communication technology documents. The chaper parses the relation of connection between the GPRS and Internet networks, makes clear the data communication mechanism of GPRS, and works out the design scheme of the subject.The chapter 3 mainly discusses several means we structure the networks. Here more importance will be attached to the ones the data center server (DCS) accesses the Internet. Since the technologies of dynamic domain name and port mapping are important and usually used, here also gives detailed analyses, even describes how to carry out it.The chapter 4 works out the hardware design of GPRS terminal equipment, including the minimum system design based on the SumSung ARM7-core microcontroller S3C44B0X, and the hardware design adding the GPRS engine MC35i produced by Siemens and RS485 interface to the minimum system.The chapter 5, according to dial-up procedure, describes how to design the MC35i dial-up program. Here introduces some important subsets of AT command sets, and also describes how to use them to dial up MC35i; analyzes the principle of the point-to-point protocol, and also demonstrates how to establish the wireless link to GPRS by practical example.
引文
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[22] 刘玉奎,周鸿飞,尹太红.电力载波自动抄表系统.黑龙江电力,2004,26(4):318～320
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[24] 朱兆优,饶运涛.低压电力载波自动抄表系统应用设计.电工技术杂志,2003(3):72～74,81
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[26] 张成文.基于有线电视宽带网的远方抄表系统的研究与应用.电测与仪表,2003,40(449):15～17
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[33] 何小荣,钱清泉,陈维荣.GPRS在工业监控中的应用.铁道机车车辆,2004,24(1):20～22
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[2] 张长胜,万舟,王成.基于PLC网络的球磨机润滑监控系统的应用.昆明理工大学学报,2002,27(6):65～67
[3] 张长胜,张云生.基于变频器总线网络的分布式远程监控系统的应用研究.昆明理工大学学报,2002,27(5):74～78
[4] 佃松宜,汪道辉等.基于RS485总线的远程双向数据通信系统的设计与实现.电子技术,2001(11):27～30
[5] 钟道昌,姜丽华,贾长祥等.基于RS485_422总线和电话线载波的电能表远程抄表系统.测控技术,2001,20(10):64～66
[6] 罗珂.RS485现场总线和GPRS在远程监控和信息化管理中应用.山东电子,2003(1):11～13
[7] 郭勇,罗云先,吴雄英.单片机80C31构成的无线远程通信系统设计.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(3):310～313
[8] 霍春宝,张健,全国庆等.一种基于无线通讯与公用电话网的智能抄表系统.电子应用技术,2003(5):61～63
[9] 赵志斌.燃气智能远程抄表系统的应用与分析.上海煤气,2003(1)
[10] 黄成安,张跃.基于互联网的远程抄表系统.电子应用技术,2003(9):42～43,59
[11] 刘嘉泉,胡锦,朱善安.基于以太网的远程自动抄表系统.工业控制计算机,2004,17(3):11～12
[12] 刘利平.GSM短信技术在抄表系统中的应用.农村电气化,2003(7)
[13] 李晔,于大鹏等.基于GSM/SMS建立远程智能抄表系统的设计与实现.移动通信,2003(1):124～127
[14] 赵兆,陈文武.基于GSM的电力远程抄表系统.微型机与应用,2004(4):45～46
[15] 郑之茂.基于GSM网络SMS(短消息服务)自动抄表系统的实现.贵州电力技术,2003(7):29～30
[16] 王红红,李仁俊,李裕中.基于GSM通讯技术的多功能自动抄表系统的开发与设计.系统自动化,2003(7):70～73
[17] 王鹏,谭宝成.基于GSM/MODEM无线通信的自动抄表系统实现.西安工业学院学报,2002,22(1):22～26
[18] 张恺,乐恺,和丽.GSM在自动抄表系统中的应用.应用科技,29(1):23～25
[19] 范闻博,姚远,张其善.基于GPRS的数据采集远程网络监控系统的设计.无线电工程,34(1):21～24
[20] 蔡锐丹,许少云,甘义成.GPRS无线数据传输系统的设计.电子质量,2004(1):19～21
[21] 文志成.通用分组无线业务—GPRS.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[22] 刘玉奎,周鸿飞,尹太红.电力载波自动抄表系统.黑龙江电力,2004,26(4):318～320
[23] 王红红,李仁俊.远程自动抄表系统中的通信方式.电力系统通信,2003(11):47～50
[24] 朱兆优,饶运涛.低压电力载波自动抄表系统应用设计.电工技术杂志,2003(3):72～74,81
[25] 周伟志.基于电力载波的智能小区自动抄表系统设计.湖南电力,2003,23(2):17～20
[26] 张成文.基于有线电视宽带网的远方抄表系统的研究与应用.电测与仪表,2003,40(449):15～17
[27] 李相银,曾连荪,潘扣林.基于GPRS车辆导航系统的关键技术的研究.中国数据通信,2004(1):86～89
[28] 何小荣,钱清泉,陈维荣.基于GPRS的远程视频监视技术研究.石家庄铁道学院学报,2004,17(1):80～83
[29] 黄荣星,许士敏.基于GPRS技术的城市水资源监测系统.现代电子技术,2004(4):43～45
[30] 蔡锐丹,许少云.GSM/GPRS通信在配电自动化系统中的应用.电子应用技术,2004(3):66～70
[31] 雷学丽,杨锡运,徐大平.基于GPRS技术的集中式自动抄表系统.电力自动化设备,24(8):76～78
[32] 栗玉霞,徐建政,刘爱兵.GPRS技术在自动抄表系统中的应用,电力自动化设备,2003,23(12):52～54
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