不同沙土配比对践踏后杂交狗牙根草坪恢复能力的影响
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摘要
以南京长江水洗沙粗沙和细沙分别与田园土按不同比例(沙占总体积的比例为25%、50%、75%、100%)配比作为坪床根系生长层,用带钉椭圆滚子以同样的强度模拟运动员对百慕大T-419草坪进行破坏性践踏,践踏期是2010年6月1日至6月24日,恢复期是6月25日至7月25日。通过对践踏前后坪床的土壤容重和土壤总孔隙度等物理性状、百慕大T-419叶长、株高、株高生长量、绿叶率、修剪量、地上生物量和地下生物量等生长指标以及百慕大T-419草坪密度、盖度、质地、颜色等坪用特性进行研究,探讨不同沙土配比对践踏后杂交狗牙根草坪恢复能力的影响,确定适合高强度践踏后草坪恢复生长的沙土配比处理,以期为运动场草坪建造和养护管理提供技术支撑和理论依据,研究结果表明：
1.践踏后,无论是粗沙处理还是细沙处理,随着沙含量的增加土壤通透性得到改善,75%、100%粗沙及50%、75%、100%细沙处理土壤总孔隙度均大于40%,有利于草坪草生长。践踏前后25%细沙处理和全土处理的土壤容重及土壤孔隙度变化显著,坪床土壤发生严重板结现象。
2.生长指标中,叶长随着含沙量的增加变化不明显；粗沙处理的株高增长率和地上生物量随着含沙量的增加而呈现增加的趋势,细沙处理则呈现先增加后减小的趋势；无论是粗沙处理还是细沙处理,绿叶率随着含沙量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势；地下生物量和修剪量随着含沙量增加而增加。
3.不同恢复时期草坪密度随含沙量的变化趋势基本一致,即随着含沙量的增大呈现先升高再减小的趋势,50%、75%含沙量处理在不同时期密度最大；4个粗沙处理和50%、75%细沙处理在践踏结束后20天盖度恢复到践踏前的水平,与踏前差异不显著；叶宽在恢复期第10天出现差异,75%的粗沙处理最窄,质地最好,全土处理质地最差,而在其他各个时期均差异不显著；践踏前不同处理百慕大T-419叶绿素含量差异不显著,践踏使百慕大T-419叶绿素含量有降低的趋势,75%、100%粗沙处理和全土处理践踏结束后20天,叶绿素含量与践踏前无显著差异,其他处理叶绿素明显低于践踏前。
4.含粗沙量75%、100%处理、含细沙量75%处理在高强度践踏后表现出很好的恢复能力。对于践踏强度大的运动场草坪可优先考虑100%的粗沙处理,但对水肥要求严格,成本也会提高；若践踏强度相对较弱,投入成本较小的运动场草坪或休憩草坪,含沙量为75%的坪床处理则为很好的选择。
The hybrid bermudagrass T-419 was established on the turf -bed consisting of different ratio of Nanjing Yangtze River washed coarse or fine sand and the local garden soil. The sand accounts for the proportion of the total volume was 25%,50%,75%,100%, respectively in the turf-bed. The hybrid bermudagrass T-419 turf was heavily trampled by turf trampler from June 1,2010 to June 24,2010, and it was recovered from June 25,2010 to July 25,2010. The soil bulk density and soil total porosity, some growth indexes including leaf length, height, height growth rate, green leaves rate, pruning biomass, biomass above-ground and biomass under-ground of bermudagrass T-419, as well as turf density, coverage, texture and colour of bermudagrass were investigate from June 1,2010 to July 25,2010. The purpose of this study was to select the optimum sand/soil ratio for the recovery growth of bermudagrass trampled heavy,and to probe the mechanism of the optimum sand/soil ratio. The results have great significance to provide technical support and theoretical basis in order to establish and manage hybrid bermudagrass T-419 turf scientifically. The results are as follows.
Whether coarse sand treatment or fine sand treatment, the soil perviousness was improved with increasing sand content after trampling. The soil total porosity of the treatments with 75%,100% coarse sand and with 50%,75%,100% fine sand was more than 40%, which was beneficial to the growth of turf grass. The soil bulk density and porosity of the treatments with 25% fine sand and with 100% soil varied significantly, and their turf bed was seriously compacted whether before or after trampling,.
In regard to growth indexes, the leaf lengths of different treatment did not increase significantly with increasing sand content, but the height growth rate and the biomass above-ground of the coarse sand treatment showed the trend of increase, and the fine sand treatment decreased after initial increasing. Whether coarse sand treatment or fine sand treatment, the green leaves rate showed the trend of decrease after initial increasing, and the biomass under-ground and pruning amount increased with increasing sand content.
The turf density decreased after initial increasing with increasing sand content during the whole recovery period. The turf densities of the treatments with 50% and with 75% sand content were lower than other treatments at different sample times. After the turf was trampled 20 days later, the turf coverage of the treatments of all four coarse sand and with 75%,100% fine sand was return to the level before trampling and there is no difference before and after trampling. The leaf widths showed difference only at the tenth day of the recovery period, the leaf width of the treatment of 75% coarse sand was narrowest and best turf texture, but the turf texture of the of all soil treatment was worst. The content of chlorophyll of different treatments had no significant difference before trampling, but they decreasing after trampling gradually. The contents of chlorophyll of the treatments 75%, 100% coarse sand and 100% soil after trampling 20 days later were no significant difference with before trampling, but the contents of chlorophyll of other treatments were significantly lower than that before trampling.
The recovery capability of the treatments with 75%,100% coarse sand and with 75% fine sand showed better after heavy trampling. The treatment of 100% coarse sand should be primarily considered to the sports turf with heavy trampling, but it needs much more water and fertilizer so that the cost will also be increased. It is a good choice to use the turf bed with 75% sand content if the sports turf was trampled lightly or for recreation turf because the cost was lower than that of the treatment of 100%.
1.践踏后,无论是粗沙处理还是细沙处理,随着沙含量的增加土壤通透性得到改善,75%、100%粗沙及50%、75%、100%细沙处理土壤总孔隙度均大于40%,有利于草坪草生长。践踏前后25%细沙处理和全土处理的土壤容重及土壤孔隙度变化显著,坪床土壤发生严重板结现象。
2.生长指标中,叶长随着含沙量的增加变化不明显；粗沙处理的株高增长率和地上生物量随着含沙量的增加而呈现增加的趋势,细沙处理则呈现先增加后减小的趋势；无论是粗沙处理还是细沙处理,绿叶率随着含沙量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势；地下生物量和修剪量随着含沙量增加而增加。
3.不同恢复时期草坪密度随含沙量的变化趋势基本一致,即随着含沙量的增大呈现先升高再减小的趋势,50%、75%含沙量处理在不同时期密度最大；4个粗沙处理和50%、75%细沙处理在践踏结束后20天盖度恢复到践踏前的水平,与踏前差异不显著；叶宽在恢复期第10天出现差异,75%的粗沙处理最窄,质地最好,全土处理质地最差,而在其他各个时期均差异不显著；践踏前不同处理百慕大T-419叶绿素含量差异不显著,践踏使百慕大T-419叶绿素含量有降低的趋势,75%、100%粗沙处理和全土处理践踏结束后20天,叶绿素含量与践踏前无显著差异,其他处理叶绿素明显低于践踏前。
4.含粗沙量75%、100%处理、含细沙量75%处理在高强度践踏后表现出很好的恢复能力。对于践踏强度大的运动场草坪可优先考虑100%的粗沙处理,但对水肥要求严格,成本也会提高；若践踏强度相对较弱,投入成本较小的运动场草坪或休憩草坪,含沙量为75%的坪床处理则为很好的选择。
The hybrid bermudagrass T-419 was established on the turf -bed consisting of different ratio of Nanjing Yangtze River washed coarse or fine sand and the local garden soil. The sand accounts for the proportion of the total volume was 25%,50%,75%,100%, respectively in the turf-bed. The hybrid bermudagrass T-419 turf was heavily trampled by turf trampler from June 1,2010 to June 24,2010, and it was recovered from June 25,2010 to July 25,2010. The soil bulk density and soil total porosity, some growth indexes including leaf length, height, height growth rate, green leaves rate, pruning biomass, biomass above-ground and biomass under-ground of bermudagrass T-419, as well as turf density, coverage, texture and colour of bermudagrass were investigate from June 1,2010 to July 25,2010. The purpose of this study was to select the optimum sand/soil ratio for the recovery growth of bermudagrass trampled heavy,and to probe the mechanism of the optimum sand/soil ratio. The results have great significance to provide technical support and theoretical basis in order to establish and manage hybrid bermudagrass T-419 turf scientifically. The results are as follows.
Whether coarse sand treatment or fine sand treatment, the soil perviousness was improved with increasing sand content after trampling. The soil total porosity of the treatments with 75%,100% coarse sand and with 50%,75%,100% fine sand was more than 40%, which was beneficial to the growth of turf grass. The soil bulk density and porosity of the treatments with 25% fine sand and with 100% soil varied significantly, and their turf bed was seriously compacted whether before or after trampling,.
In regard to growth indexes, the leaf lengths of different treatment did not increase significantly with increasing sand content, but the height growth rate and the biomass above-ground of the coarse sand treatment showed the trend of increase, and the fine sand treatment decreased after initial increasing. Whether coarse sand treatment or fine sand treatment, the green leaves rate showed the trend of decrease after initial increasing, and the biomass under-ground and pruning amount increased with increasing sand content.
The turf density decreased after initial increasing with increasing sand content during the whole recovery period. The turf densities of the treatments with 50% and with 75% sand content were lower than other treatments at different sample times. After the turf was trampled 20 days later, the turf coverage of the treatments of all four coarse sand and with 75%,100% fine sand was return to the level before trampling and there is no difference before and after trampling. The leaf widths showed difference only at the tenth day of the recovery period, the leaf width of the treatment of 75% coarse sand was narrowest and best turf texture, but the turf texture of the of all soil treatment was worst. The content of chlorophyll of different treatments had no significant difference before trampling, but they decreasing after trampling gradually. The contents of chlorophyll of the treatments 75%, 100% coarse sand and 100% soil after trampling 20 days later were no significant difference with before trampling, but the contents of chlorophyll of other treatments were significantly lower than that before trampling.
The recovery capability of the treatments with 75%,100% coarse sand and with 75% fine sand showed better after heavy trampling. The treatment of 100% coarse sand should be primarily considered to the sports turf with heavy trampling, but it needs much more water and fertilizer so that the cost will also be increased. It is a good choice to use the turf bed with 75% sand content if the sports turf was trampled lightly or for recreation turf because the cost was lower than that of the treatment of 100%.
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