灵活交流输电设备建模与仿真若干问题的研究
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摘要
随着电力市场化和电力负荷的不断增长,以及对电力系统的安全性更加重视,以大功率电力电子器件为基础的灵活交流输电技术(FACTS)已经成为人们研究的热点。FACTS装置可以灵活快速的控制系统,可以有效地提高输电容量,增强系统稳定,提高系统的可靠性和安全性,因此对FACTS设备的建模与相关仿真研究一直是电力系统数字仿真所关注的问题之一。
本论文致力于FACTS设备的建模和仿真研究,主要内容可以概括为以下几个方面：
1.对静止无功补偿器(SVC)实际设备进行调研工作,详细阐述了SVC的工作原理和数学模型,并在此基础上为电磁暂态仿真程序ETSDAC添加了SVC模型,同时结合具体算例,与通用电磁暂态计算程序EMTP作对比,验证了该模型的正确性。
2.利用该模型,在ETSDAC中搭建单机系统算例,结合机电暂态计算程序PSASP,分别进行电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真和纯电磁暂态计算、纯机电暂态计算的结果对比；利用华中六省市联网系统实际算例,设置不同的故障类型,分网进行混合仿真计算,将仿真结果与纯机电仿真结果对比分析,证明了本论文工作的实用性和合理性。
3.为电力系统全数字仿真装置ADPSS开发与可控串联电容补偿(TCSC)控制装置的接口程序,使ETSDAC能带上TCSC实际控制设备进行电磁暂态计算,并利用含TCSC的实际系统来进行仿真计算,体现了本论文工作的实用性和必要性。
With deregulation of electric industry and continuous increase of electric load, more attention is paid to the security of power system. The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) based on high power electronic elements is becoming the research focus, since it has a lot of advanced characteristics, such as, flexible and rapid control of power system, improvement of transfer capability of transmission network, to strengthen the stability, reliability and security of power system, to make power system highly controllable and so on. So the modeling and related simulation analysis of FACTS have been the concern of power system digital simulation.
The objective of this dissertation is the FACTS modeling and simulation research. The contents in the paper include the following aspects:
1. With the investigation of the actual equipment of Static Var Compensator (SVC), the physical structure and mathematical model of SVC are illustrated in detail. And based on that, the SVC model is added in ETSDAC, a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program of CEPRI. Comparing the results in a testing case with ETSDAC and EMTP, the methodology of SVC model is validated.
2. A single-machine system is built with SVC model. Using ETSDAC and PSASP (a commercial electromechanical transient simulation program), the electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation is performed on the study system and the results of those simulations are compared. Furthermore, studies are made on different problems in Central China power grid with the similar methods. And the practicality and rationality of the thesis work are validated.
3. The interface between the Advanced Digital Power System Simulator (ADPSS) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is developed. With its application, the electromagnetic transient simulation with actual TCSC control equipment can be realized. And the thesis work's practicality and necessity are validated.
本论文致力于FACTS设备的建模和仿真研究,主要内容可以概括为以下几个方面：
1.对静止无功补偿器(SVC)实际设备进行调研工作,详细阐述了SVC的工作原理和数学模型,并在此基础上为电磁暂态仿真程序ETSDAC添加了SVC模型,同时结合具体算例,与通用电磁暂态计算程序EMTP作对比,验证了该模型的正确性。
2.利用该模型,在ETSDAC中搭建单机系统算例,结合机电暂态计算程序PSASP,分别进行电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真和纯电磁暂态计算、纯机电暂态计算的结果对比；利用华中六省市联网系统实际算例,设置不同的故障类型,分网进行混合仿真计算,将仿真结果与纯机电仿真结果对比分析,证明了本论文工作的实用性和合理性。
3.为电力系统全数字仿真装置ADPSS开发与可控串联电容补偿(TCSC)控制装置的接口程序,使ETSDAC能带上TCSC实际控制设备进行电磁暂态计算,并利用含TCSC的实际系统来进行仿真计算,体现了本论文工作的实用性和必要性。
With deregulation of electric industry and continuous increase of electric load, more attention is paid to the security of power system. The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) based on high power electronic elements is becoming the research focus, since it has a lot of advanced characteristics, such as, flexible and rapid control of power system, improvement of transfer capability of transmission network, to strengthen the stability, reliability and security of power system, to make power system highly controllable and so on. So the modeling and related simulation analysis of FACTS have been the concern of power system digital simulation.
The objective of this dissertation is the FACTS modeling and simulation research. The contents in the paper include the following aspects:
1. With the investigation of the actual equipment of Static Var Compensator (SVC), the physical structure and mathematical model of SVC are illustrated in detail. And based on that, the SVC model is added in ETSDAC, a commercial electromagnetic transient simulation program of CEPRI. Comparing the results in a testing case with ETSDAC and EMTP, the methodology of SVC model is validated.
2. A single-machine system is built with SVC model. Using ETSDAC and PSASP (a commercial electromechanical transient simulation program), the electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation is performed on the study system and the results of those simulations are compared. Furthermore, studies are made on different problems in Central China power grid with the similar methods. And the practicality and rationality of the thesis work are validated.
3. The interface between the Advanced Digital Power System Simulator (ADPSS) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is developed. With its application, the electromagnetic transient simulation with actual TCSC control equipment can be realized. And the thesis work's practicality and necessity are validated.
引文
[1]N.G.Hingorani. Network Access and Future of Power Transmission [J]. EPRI Journal.1986, April-May:45-52
[2]谢小荣,姜奇荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[3]The FACTS terms & definitions task force of the FACTS working group of the DC and FACTS subcommittee. Proposed terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1997,12(4): 1848-1853
[4]何大愚.柔性交流输电系统概念研究的新进展[J].电网技术,1997,21(2)：9-14
[5]韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题——柔性输电技术、智能控制、基于GPS的动态安全分析与检测系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7)：1-6
[6]何大愚.柔性交流输电技术的定义、机遇及局限性[J].电网技术,1996,20(6)：18-24
[7]S.Mori, K.Matsuno, T.Hasegawa, et al. Development of a large static VAr generator using self-commutated inverters for improving power system stability [J]. IEEE Trans on power systems,1993,8(1):371-377
[8]C.Schauder, M.Gernhardt, E.Stacey, et al. Development of a ±100 MVAr static condenser for voltage control of transmission systems [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1995,10(3):1486-1496
[9]C.Gama. Brazilian North-South Interconnection control-application and operating experience with a TCSC [C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,1999,2:1103-1108
[10]M.Rahman, M.Ahmed, R.Gutman, et al. UPFC application on the AEP system: planning considerations [J]. IEEE Trans on power systems,1997,12(4): 1695-1701
[11]王仲鸿,沈斐,吴铁铮.FACTS技术研究现状及其在中国的应用与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(23)：1-5
[12]S.Nyati, M.Eitzmann, J.Kappenman, et al. Design issues for a single core transformer thyristor controlled phase-angle regulator [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1995,10(4):2013-2019
[13]J.Brochu, F.Beauregard, F.J.Lemay, et al. Application of the interphase power controller technology for transmission line power flow control [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1997,12(2):888-894
[14]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣等.采用GTO逆变器的±20 Mvar STATCOM [J]电 力系统自动化,2000,24(23)：19-23
[15]林集明,彭饱书,郭强等.南方电网天平可控串联补偿装置[J].国际电力,2004,8(5)：48-51
[16]顾晓荣,方勇杰等.柔性交流输电系统稳定开展综述[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(12)：50-56
[17]李海峰,李乃湖.FACTS装置用于电力系统稳定控制的综述[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9)：31-37
[18]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[19]Y.H.Song, A.T.Johns. Flexible AC Transmission Systems [M]. London (UK): IEE Press,1999
[20]R.M.MATHUR, R.VARMA. Thyristor-based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems [M]. New York (USA):IEEE Press,2002
[21]岳程燕,电力系统电磁暂态与机电暂态混合实时仿真的研究[D].中国电力科学研究院博士论文,2004,12
[22]李函,韩英铎,王仲鸿.利用混合实时仿真器测试HVDC控制与保护[J].北京：电力系统自动化,2000,9：28-31
[23]章建玲等RTDS用于FACTS元件特性仿真的研究[J].华中电力,2003,3：21-25
[24]孙元章,刘前进FACTS控制技术综述——模型,目标与策略[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(6)：1-7
[25]郑三立,黄梅,张海红.电力系统数模混合实时仿真技术的现状与发展[J].现代电力,2004,12：29-33
[26]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统全数字仿真装置用户手册(第1稿)[M].2007,5
[27]IEEE Special Stability Controls Working Group. Static Var Compensator Models for Flow and Dynamic Performance Simulation [J]. IEEE Transanctionson PWRS.1994,9(1)：229-240
[28]张琳.FACTS控制器间的交互影响分析及控制策略研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2007,10
[29]王华.无源电力滤波器参数设计的多目标化研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2006
[30]Hydro-Quebec. Using EMTP Tutorials and Reference [M].2003
[31]胡广书.数字信号处理：理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2003,8
[32]Huang Liuqiang, Tian Fang, Zhang Xing, Zhu Xukai, Experimental Analysis of SSO Suppression with TCSC, The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009, July,2009, Shenyang, China.
[33]武守远,蒋卫平,李亚健,周孝信,曾昭华,梁军.可控串补用于暂态稳定控制的模拟试验研究[J],电网技术,2000,24(3)：3-8
[2]谢小荣,姜奇荣.柔性交流输电系统的原理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[3]The FACTS terms & definitions task force of the FACTS working group of the DC and FACTS subcommittee. Proposed terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1997,12(4): 1848-1853
[4]何大愚.柔性交流输电系统概念研究的新进展[J].电网技术,1997,21(2)：9-14
[5]韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题——柔性输电技术、智能控制、基于GPS的动态安全分析与检测系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7)：1-6
[6]何大愚.柔性交流输电技术的定义、机遇及局限性[J].电网技术,1996,20(6)：18-24
[7]S.Mori, K.Matsuno, T.Hasegawa, et al. Development of a large static VAr generator using self-commutated inverters for improving power system stability [J]. IEEE Trans on power systems,1993,8(1):371-377
[8]C.Schauder, M.Gernhardt, E.Stacey, et al. Development of a ±100 MVAr static condenser for voltage control of transmission systems [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1995,10(3):1486-1496
[9]C.Gama. Brazilian North-South Interconnection control-application and operating experience with a TCSC [C]. IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,1999,2:1103-1108
[10]M.Rahman, M.Ahmed, R.Gutman, et al. UPFC application on the AEP system: planning considerations [J]. IEEE Trans on power systems,1997,12(4): 1695-1701
[11]王仲鸿,沈斐,吴铁铮.FACTS技术研究现状及其在中国的应用与发展[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(23)：1-5
[12]S.Nyati, M.Eitzmann, J.Kappenman, et al. Design issues for a single core transformer thyristor controlled phase-angle regulator [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1995,10(4):2013-2019
[13]J.Brochu, F.Beauregard, F.J.Lemay, et al. Application of the interphase power controller technology for transmission line power flow control [J]. IEEE Trans on power delivery,1997,12(2):888-894
[14]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣等.采用GTO逆变器的±20 Mvar STATCOM [J]电 力系统自动化,2000,24(23)：19-23
[15]林集明,彭饱书,郭强等.南方电网天平可控串联补偿装置[J].国际电力,2004,8(5)：48-51
[16]顾晓荣,方勇杰等.柔性交流输电系统稳定开展综述[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(12)：50-56
[17]李海峰,李乃湖.FACTS装置用于电力系统稳定控制的综述[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9)：31-37
[18]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析[M].北京：科学出版社.2003
[19]Y.H.Song, A.T.Johns. Flexible AC Transmission Systems [M]. London (UK): IEE Press,1999
[20]R.M.MATHUR, R.VARMA. Thyristor-based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems [M]. New York (USA):IEEE Press,2002
[21]岳程燕,电力系统电磁暂态与机电暂态混合实时仿真的研究[D].中国电力科学研究院博士论文,2004,12
[22]李函,韩英铎,王仲鸿.利用混合实时仿真器测试HVDC控制与保护[J].北京：电力系统自动化,2000,9：28-31
[23]章建玲等RTDS用于FACTS元件特性仿真的研究[J].华中电力,2003,3：21-25
[24]孙元章,刘前进FACTS控制技术综述——模型,目标与策略[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(6)：1-7
[25]郑三立,黄梅,张海红.电力系统数模混合实时仿真技术的现状与发展[J].现代电力,2004,12：29-33
[26]中国电力科学研究院.电力系统全数字仿真装置用户手册(第1稿)[M].2007,5
[27]IEEE Special Stability Controls Working Group. Static Var Compensator Models for Flow and Dynamic Performance Simulation [J]. IEEE Transanctionson PWRS.1994,9(1)：229-240
[28]张琳.FACTS控制器间的交互影响分析及控制策略研究[D].浙江大学博士论文,2007,10
[29]王华.无源电力滤波器参数设计的多目标化研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,2006
[30]Hydro-Quebec. Using EMTP Tutorials and Reference [M].2003
[31]胡广书.数字信号处理：理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2003,8
[32]Huang Liuqiang, Tian Fang, Zhang Xing, Zhu Xukai, Experimental Analysis of SSO Suppression with TCSC, The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009, July,2009, Shenyang, China.
[33]武守远,蒋卫平,李亚健,周孝信,曾昭华,梁军.可控串补用于暂态稳定控制的模拟试验研究[J],电网技术,2000,24(3)：3-8