浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板动态结构研究
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摘要
榆神府矿区是21世纪初我国最大的现代化能源基地，研究典型浅埋煤层大采高和近浅埋煤层工作面的矿压显现特征，掌握浅埋煤层矿压显现规律和顶板来压机理，建立浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板动态结构，对浅埋工作面的科学开采具有重要指导意义。
综合运用现场实测、理论分析、物理模拟和数值模拟方法就浅埋煤层动态顶板结构理论进行了深入研究。通过现场实测揭示了浅埋煤层采场矿压显现的动态特性及其规律。通过物理模拟实验，得出典型浅埋煤层厚沙土层采动“拱状”、“拱梁”和“弧形岩柱”破坏特征。建立了厚沙土层“拱状”破坏力学模型，分别确定了典型浅埋煤层初次来压、周期来压的载荷传递因子，并分析了其影响因素和变化规律。引入载荷传递因子，得出了典型浅埋煤层初次来压和周期来压支护阻力的计算公式，并通过实例验证了计算公式的可靠性。
针对榆神府煤田覆岩黏土层构成，开发了塑性相似材料及模拟技术。通过物理模拟实验，掌握了近浅埋煤层主亚双关键层顶板结构的破坏特征及载荷传递的大小周期来压规律，揭示了近浅埋煤层采场覆岩“三带”特征及采动裂隙发育规律，建立了弯曲下沉带的“拱梁”结构模型。通过数值模拟，得出了不同采高的采场覆岩应力拱的演化规律。建立了近浅埋煤层裂隙带主亚双关键层结构模型，研究了其相互作用关系，给出了主关键层破断对亚关键层的动态载荷传递，提出了确定近浅埋煤层来压歩距的计算方法，揭示了近浅埋煤层大小周期来压现象的机理。最后给出了基于亚关键层结构可能形成“砌体梁”和“台阶岩梁”动态结构及其采场支架合理工作阻力的确定方法。
研究对榆神府等浅埋煤层矿区顶板控制和支架选型具有指导意义和实践意义，同时对丰富岩层控制的关键层理论具有理论意义。
Yushenfu Mining Area is the largest modern energy base of China in the beginning of21stcentury.It is necessary to study the ground behavior feature of tytpical shallow seem withbig minning height and the nearly shallow seam.The research has great guide meaning to thescientific mining of shallow seam working face.
Dynamic roof structure in shallow seam longwall mining was further studied by field test,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and physical simulation.By field test,dynamicspecial law of ground behavior in shallow seam was revealed.The mining “arc”,“arc beam”and “arc pilliar” failure structure of thick sandy layer in typical shallow seam was obtained byphysical simulation. The dynamic “arc” failure and develop law and failure mechanism ofoverburden rock were disclosed. The “arc” failure model was set up and the equation was got,furthermore, the load transmiting rock and time factors in the first and period weighting intypical shallow seam were determined and the effect factors and changing law were furtherstudied. The support resistance formula of first and period weighting in typical shallow seamwere given and the reliability was verified by instances.
Against the roof form of bedrock and clay in Yushenfu coal mine,the plastic and brittlesimulation model technique and ratio were developed. By simulation model test, the failurefeatures of main and sub-key strta tructure were controled,meanwhile,the big and small periodweighting load transmiting law was grasped. The “three zones” of overburden rock in shallowseam was studied and the mining cracks were classified.The downlink crack developmentmechanism was revealed by the “arc beam” model.By numerical simulation, the developmentlaw of stress arc in overburden rock of nearly shallow seam was obtained. The key andsub-key strata structure model was set up and the mutural effection relationship was studied.The criterion of key strata effecting the sub-key strata and the calculation method ofweighting distance were given.The big and small weighting mechanism was revealed. The support resistance formula in nearly shallow seam were given under the “masonry beams”and the “step beams” of sub-key stata.
Research has guiding significance to the roof control and stent selection of Yushenfushallow seam coal mines, in the mean time, which has theoretical significance to rich the keystrata theory in ground control.
综合运用现场实测、理论分析、物理模拟和数值模拟方法就浅埋煤层动态顶板结构理论进行了深入研究。通过现场实测揭示了浅埋煤层采场矿压显现的动态特性及其规律。通过物理模拟实验，得出典型浅埋煤层厚沙土层采动“拱状”、“拱梁”和“弧形岩柱”破坏特征。建立了厚沙土层“拱状”破坏力学模型，分别确定了典型浅埋煤层初次来压、周期来压的载荷传递因子，并分析了其影响因素和变化规律。引入载荷传递因子，得出了典型浅埋煤层初次来压和周期来压支护阻力的计算公式，并通过实例验证了计算公式的可靠性。
针对榆神府煤田覆岩黏土层构成，开发了塑性相似材料及模拟技术。通过物理模拟实验，掌握了近浅埋煤层主亚双关键层顶板结构的破坏特征及载荷传递的大小周期来压规律，揭示了近浅埋煤层采场覆岩“三带”特征及采动裂隙发育规律，建立了弯曲下沉带的“拱梁”结构模型。通过数值模拟，得出了不同采高的采场覆岩应力拱的演化规律。建立了近浅埋煤层裂隙带主亚双关键层结构模型，研究了其相互作用关系，给出了主关键层破断对亚关键层的动态载荷传递，提出了确定近浅埋煤层来压歩距的计算方法，揭示了近浅埋煤层大小周期来压现象的机理。最后给出了基于亚关键层结构可能形成“砌体梁”和“台阶岩梁”动态结构及其采场支架合理工作阻力的确定方法。
研究对榆神府等浅埋煤层矿区顶板控制和支架选型具有指导意义和实践意义，同时对丰富岩层控制的关键层理论具有理论意义。
Yushenfu Mining Area is the largest modern energy base of China in the beginning of21stcentury.It is necessary to study the ground behavior feature of tytpical shallow seem withbig minning height and the nearly shallow seam.The research has great guide meaning to thescientific mining of shallow seam working face.
Dynamic roof structure in shallow seam longwall mining was further studied by field test,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and physical simulation.By field test,dynamicspecial law of ground behavior in shallow seam was revealed.The mining “arc”,“arc beam”and “arc pilliar” failure structure of thick sandy layer in typical shallow seam was obtained byphysical simulation. The dynamic “arc” failure and develop law and failure mechanism ofoverburden rock were disclosed. The “arc” failure model was set up and the equation was got,furthermore, the load transmiting rock and time factors in the first and period weighting intypical shallow seam were determined and the effect factors and changing law were furtherstudied. The support resistance formula of first and period weighting in typical shallow seamwere given and the reliability was verified by instances.
Against the roof form of bedrock and clay in Yushenfu coal mine,the plastic and brittlesimulation model technique and ratio were developed. By simulation model test, the failurefeatures of main and sub-key strta tructure were controled,meanwhile,the big and small periodweighting load transmiting law was grasped. The “three zones” of overburden rock in shallowseam was studied and the mining cracks were classified.The downlink crack developmentmechanism was revealed by the “arc beam” model.By numerical simulation, the developmentlaw of stress arc in overburden rock of nearly shallow seam was obtained. The key andsub-key strata structure model was set up and the mutural effection relationship was studied.The criterion of key strata effecting the sub-key strata and the calculation method ofweighting distance were given.The big and small weighting mechanism was revealed. The support resistance formula in nearly shallow seam were given under the “masonry beams”and the “step beams” of sub-key stata.
Research has guiding significance to the roof control and stent selection of Yushenfushallow seam coal mines, in the mean time, which has theoretical significance to rich the keystrata theory in ground control.
引文
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