我国服务业的产业关联及其生产率研究
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摘要
全球范围出现了“工业型经济”向“服务型经济”转型的总趋势，服务业的发展成为影响国家经济增长、吸纳就业和提高国际竞争力的重要因素，服务业发达程度已成为衡量一个国家和地区综合竞争力和现代化水平的一个重要标志。自从1992年中共中央、国务院作出《关于加快发展第三产业的决定》以后，加快服务业发展成为我国政府制定经济政策的重要导向。
随着我国产业结构的不断调整和优化升级，服务业已经成为推动新一轮经济增长的重要产业。尽管我国服务业的产业规模不断扩大，对国民经济和社会发展起到了重要作用，但是服务业的整体发展水平仍较低，服务业占国内生产总值的比重不仅远远落后于发达国家，也明显低于发展中国家的平均值。在我国转变经济增长方式、注重内涵式发展的过程中，服务业及其细分行业与其它产业具有怎样的关联关系，这种关联关系的变化趋势如何，服务业及其细分行业对经济的带动作用具有怎样的动态特征，服务业的生产率状况如何，服务业生产率具有怎样的变化趋势，这些都成为政府和学术界关注的问题。要真正发挥服务业的重要作用，使之成为经济发展新的增长点，首先需要对服务业的产业特征有所了解，明确服务业的产业地位及生产率的静态特征和动态变化趋势以及服务业行业特征。本文依据产业关联理论和生产率理论，在对服务业的总量水平、内部结构以及地区结构充分分析的基础上，利用投入产出模型，对我国服务业各细分行业的产业关联效应进行了动态对比分析；利用基于DEA的Malmquist指数模型，对服务业细分行业的生产率进行了动态比较分析；利用三阶段DEA模型，对我国服务业生产率进行了静态分析；利用三阶段Malmquist指数模型，对我国服务业生产率进行了动态比较分析。文章揭示了服务业发展的特征及存在的问题，可为制定服务业发展政策，促进服务业及经济快速增长提供参考。
本文共分7章，具体内容如下：
第1章绪论。主要阐述了本文的选题背景、选题意义、研究目的、研究方法、主要创新点、研究框架、主要内容等，并对国内外产业关联及生产率的研究进行了综述。
第2章服务业及其相关理论。本章首先阐述了服务业的定义和分类，然后论述经济发展的阶段论、服务业与就业理论、服务业与产业结构理论。
第3章我国服务业发展的总量与结构。本章利用统计数据，描述分析了我国服务业总体发展水平与增长速度、服务业的劳动力投入、服务业的固定资产投资状况。然后，对服务业的内部行业结构进行了分析，揭示了内部结构的变化规律和特点。最后，对不同地区的服务业发展状况进行了分析，揭示了地区结构特点及不同地区服务业与其经济发展水平的关系。
第4章我国服务业的产业关联效应。本章采用最新的2007年中国投入产出表以及2002年投入产出表，对服务业及各细分行业与国民经济其它产业的关联进行纵向动态分析。通过对直接消耗系数和完全消耗系数的测算，发现农林牧渔业、采矿业、制造业以及电力热水生产和供应业、建筑业等非服务部门对交通运输仓储业、批发和零售业、金融业的消耗量较大，而对其它服务部门的消耗相对较小；服务业的15个细分行业对制造业的消耗量相对较高，服务业各个细分部门对自身的消耗量也较大。通过测算服务业各细分行业的中间投入率，发现我国大部分服务业部门的增加值率在下降；通过测算中间需求率，发现大部分服务业部门对其它产业的影响在增加，服务业部门在国民经济发展中的作用在增强。虽然我国服务业的规模相对较小，但受其它产业的影响较小，产业独立性较强，这为其发展提供了巨大的空间。本章还利用影响力系数分析了服务业各细分行业对国民经济的拉动作用，利用感应度系数分析了服务业受其它产业的制约作用，利用生产诱发系数计算消费、投资和出口等最终需求项目对服务业细分行业的生产诱导作用程度，利用依存度系数分析了服务业细分行业对消费、投资和出口等最终需求项目的依赖程度。结果表明，服务业中的大部分细分行业的影响力系数和感应度系数都低于社会平均水平，因此就整体而言，服务业产业波及效应还不大，我国服务业发展还相对滞后；服务业的消费依存度系数基本都在0.4以上，服务业发展主要依靠消费，但是投资和出口对服务业部门的影响作用在变大，服务业发展对投资活动的依赖程度增加、服务业发展更具外向型特点；服务业细分行业具体可分为典型消费依赖型、典型投资依赖型、典型出口依赖型以及均衡发展型4种类型。
第5章我国服务业生产率的静态分析。服务业生产率水平直接制约着服务业的发展，本章以我国31个省市作为决策单元，选取人力资本、技术创新、政府支持三个环境变量，以服务业增加值作为产出变量，以服务业劳动力和固定资产投资作为投入变量，运用三阶段DEA模型测算了2009年我国服务业的生产率状况。结果表明，人力资本、技术创新和政府支持对我国服务业生产率的提高具有显著的影响作用；我国各省市服务业的综合技术效率平均值为0.520，说明我国服务业的整体发展水平较低；我国各省市服务业生产效率可分为四种类型，即“双高型”、“低技术高规模型”、“高技术低规模型”和“双低型”；从区域角度来看，我国服务业的发展存在明显的地域差异，即东部地区最优，中部地区次之，西部地区最差。
第6章我国服务业生产率的动态分析。本章将三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数模型相结合，利用三阶段Malmquist生产率指数模型，动态测算了我国30个省市服务业2004年至2009年的生产率状况。结果表明，我国服务业综合技术效率表现不容乐观，6年的平均值仅为0.668，这说明目前我国服务业的整体发展水平较低，但从效率变化情况看，全国服务业综合技术效率呈现逐年增加的态势；2004年至2009年我国服务业全要素生产率增加是因为技术进步和技术效率（虽然仅增加了0.1个百分点）共同作用的结果；从省级层面来看，30个省市服务业的技术进步都呈现增加的趋势，技术进步是促使服务业全要素生产率增加的主要原因。从服务业综合效率的收敛性来看，全国以及三大区域的服务业综合效率存在绝对β收敛，从收敛速度看，东部地区的收敛速度要快于中部和西部地区。从服务业全要素生产率的变异系数可以看出，全国范围内的服务业全要素生产率总体差异呈现下降的趋势。
第7章我国服务业生产率的行业分析。本章以服务业14个细分行业作为决策单元，选取行业增加值作为产出数据，劳动力和资本投入作为投入指标，利用DEA模型和基于DEA的Malmquist指数模型计算了我国服务业细分行业2004年至2009年的生产率状况。结果表明，2004年至2009年，我国服务业的全要素生产率平均增长了6.1%，主要是因为服务业技术进步的作用，而纯技术效率不高是制约我国服务业生产率提升的主要因素；服务业14个细分行业的全要素生产率虽然都有所增长，但是推动其增长的原因因行业不同而有所不同。行业技术效率和规模效率连续保持为1，且全要素生产率持续保持增长的行业只有金融业、居民服务和其他服务业，其余服务业细分行业在纯技术效率或者规模效率方面存在一定的可改进空间。近几年我国服务业分行业全要素生产率都呈现稳步增长的趋势，行业增长率差距并不大，说明服务业分行业生产率发展比较均衡。
本文最后是结论，对全文的分析结果进行了总结。
The global scope appear "industry-oriented economy" turn to "service-oriented economy" and the service industry has become an important factor for national economic growth,absorbing employment and improving international competitiveness,service industry's status also has become an important symbol of comprehensive competitiveness and modernization level.In the year of1992,China made the policy "on the decision to accelerate the development of service industry",since then service industry's development has become China's policy guidance.
With the continuous adjustment and upgrading of China's industrial structure,service industry has become an important industry to promote a new round of economic growth. Although the industrial scale of China's service industry continues to expand and plays an important role in national economic and social development,the overall level of service industry is still low,it accounts for the proportion of gross domestic product is not only far behind the developed countries,but also significantly lower than the average of developing countries.In the process of our country's transformation of economic growth and pays attention to the connotative development,what kind of relationship between service industry and the other industries,how the relationship changes,how service industry and its segments pull the national economy,what kind of situation of service industry productivity and the productivity's trend,all of the above have become issues of the government and academia.To really plays an important role of the service industry,make it a new growth point of economic development,we first need to understand the industrial characteristics of the service industry,know the status of service industry and the productivity of its static characteristics and dynamic trends,and characteristics of service industry segments.According to the theory of industry correlation and productivity,based on the total level of service industry,the internal structure and regional structure,it uses the Input-Output model to analyze service industry segments'industry correlation,uses the index of Malmquist to do dynamic comparative analysis of service industry segments'productivity,uses Three-stage DEA model to do static analysis of China's service industry productivity,uses Three-stage Malmquist model to do dynamic comparative analysis of China's service industry productivity.It reveals the growth characteristics and the problems of the service industry,and provides a reference for the development of service industry and national economy,as well as industry policy formulation.
Overall,the paper is divided into7chapters,specific contents are as follows:
Chapter1is the introduction of the paper,this part mainly presents this paper's research background,research significance,re search purposes,research methods,innovation,research framework,main content,etc.And,the theory of industry correlation,productivity and their development in the domestic and foreign countries are reviewed.
Chapter2mainly discusses about some basic theory of the service industry,the definition of service industry and the classification of service industry are discussed deeply in this part.Then it discusses the theories of the service industry.Such as the stage of economic development,service industry and employment theory,service industry and industrial structure.
Chapter3is about the current development of China's service industry.In this part,the overall level of development of service industry,service industry's labor input,service industry's investment in fixed assets,internal structure of service industry and the district structure of service industry are analyzed deeply.In a word,this part can make us understand the situation and development trend of China's service industry.
Chapter4is industry correlation effect of service industry in China.This chapter uses the latest2007Input-Output table and the2002Input-Output table to analyze the relationship between service industry segments and other industries in the national economy.Through calculation of the direct consumption coefficient and total consumption coefficient,we find that non-service industries,such as agriculture,mining,manufacturing and electricity,hot water production and supply industry,have larger consumption in the transportation and warehousing industry, whole sale and retail trade,financial industry; service industry segments'consumption of the manufacturing industry is relatively high,the consumption of itself is also high.Through calculation of the middle input rate coefficient,we find service industry's value added rate is decline;through calculation of the middle demand rate coefficient,we find the influence of most service industry segments to other industries is increasing,and the role of service industry in national economic development is enhancing.Although the scale of China's service industry is relatively small,it is relatively independence,so it supplies a great deal of space for its development.This chapter also uses influence coefficient to analyze industry segments'role in boosting the national economy,uses the sensitivity coefficient to analyze the restraining effect of the service industry by other industries,uses induced coefficient of production to calculate the final demand items,such as consumption,investment and exports'induced level of service industry segments,uses final dependency coefficient to analyze service industry segments'reliance on consumption,investment and exports.The results show most of service industry segments' influence coefficients,sensitivity coefficients are below the average level.Therefore,the development of China's service industry is relatively slow,the level of China's service industry is still lag.Service industry segments'final consumption's dependency coefficient is above0.4,the development of the service industry relies mainly on consumption,but investment and exports' impact on the service industry grows larger,the development of service industry relies on investment activities that is increasing,so the development of the service industry has more export-oriented features.Service industry segments are divided into different industry groups.
Chapter5is the static analysis of service industry's productivity in China.Productivity constraints directly with the development of the service industry,this chapter uses China's31provinces as the decision-making units,selects human capital,technical innovation,government support as the environmental variables,value added as output data,labor and investment in fixed assets as input data,then uses Three-stage DEA model to calculate service industry'productivity in the year2009.The results show that service industry's operation efficiency has a remarkable relationship with human capital,technical innovation and government's support;the technical efficiency of31provinces with the average of0.520is low,showing the level of development of service industry is low in China;moreover,China's provinces can be divided into four types according to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency;lastly,the efficiency of service industry in East,Central and West China differs wildly,that is to say,the one in East China is the best and the one in West China is the worst.
Chapter6is the dynamic analysis of service industry's productivity in China.This chapter combinates the Three-stage DEA and Malmquist index model,uses Three-stage Malmquist index model to calculate service industry's productivity from the year2004to2009of30provinces in China.The results show that the performance of technical efficiency of service industry is not optimistic,the average is only0.668,indicating that the overall level of service industry in China is low,but from the efficiency changes,we know the trend of efficiency of the national service industry increases year by year;the total factor productivity's increase is because of technical progress and technical efficiency (although only increases0.1percentage points)from the year2004to2009;from the provincial level,technical progress has shown an increasing trend,and technical progress is the main reason to promote the increase of total factor productivity.From the service efficiency's convergence,we know there is absolute convergence of the overall efficiency in China,the eastern convergence speed is faster than the central and western.From the variation coefficient of service industry's total factor productivity,we know the differences between the regions tend to decrease.
Chapter7is mainly about the productivity of service industry segments.This chapter uses service industry's14segments as the decision-making units,selects value added as output data, labor and capital inputs as input data,then uses DEA model and Malmquist Index model to calculate service industry segments'productivity from the year2004to2009.The results show that the average total factor productivity of China's service industry grows6.1percent,mainly because of the role of technology progress,while pure technical efficiency is not high,the main factor that restricts service industry's efficiency;although all of service industry segments'total factor productivity is growing,the reason is different depending on the segment.In all of the service industry segments,only financial industry,resident service and other service'technical efficiency and scale efficiency maintain at1,meanwhile their total factor productivities grow continuously.Service industry segments'total factor productivity all grow in recent years, these various segments have shown a steady growth trend,and the growth rate does not differ much,indicating that the productivity has a more balanced development.
Finally,it summarizes the results of the analysis of the full text.
随着我国产业结构的不断调整和优化升级，服务业已经成为推动新一轮经济增长的重要产业。尽管我国服务业的产业规模不断扩大，对国民经济和社会发展起到了重要作用，但是服务业的整体发展水平仍较低，服务业占国内生产总值的比重不仅远远落后于发达国家，也明显低于发展中国家的平均值。在我国转变经济增长方式、注重内涵式发展的过程中，服务业及其细分行业与其它产业具有怎样的关联关系，这种关联关系的变化趋势如何，服务业及其细分行业对经济的带动作用具有怎样的动态特征，服务业的生产率状况如何，服务业生产率具有怎样的变化趋势，这些都成为政府和学术界关注的问题。要真正发挥服务业的重要作用，使之成为经济发展新的增长点，首先需要对服务业的产业特征有所了解，明确服务业的产业地位及生产率的静态特征和动态变化趋势以及服务业行业特征。本文依据产业关联理论和生产率理论，在对服务业的总量水平、内部结构以及地区结构充分分析的基础上，利用投入产出模型，对我国服务业各细分行业的产业关联效应进行了动态对比分析；利用基于DEA的Malmquist指数模型，对服务业细分行业的生产率进行了动态比较分析；利用三阶段DEA模型，对我国服务业生产率进行了静态分析；利用三阶段Malmquist指数模型，对我国服务业生产率进行了动态比较分析。文章揭示了服务业发展的特征及存在的问题，可为制定服务业发展政策，促进服务业及经济快速增长提供参考。
本文共分7章，具体内容如下：
第1章绪论。主要阐述了本文的选题背景、选题意义、研究目的、研究方法、主要创新点、研究框架、主要内容等，并对国内外产业关联及生产率的研究进行了综述。
第2章服务业及其相关理论。本章首先阐述了服务业的定义和分类，然后论述经济发展的阶段论、服务业与就业理论、服务业与产业结构理论。
第3章我国服务业发展的总量与结构。本章利用统计数据，描述分析了我国服务业总体发展水平与增长速度、服务业的劳动力投入、服务业的固定资产投资状况。然后，对服务业的内部行业结构进行了分析，揭示了内部结构的变化规律和特点。最后，对不同地区的服务业发展状况进行了分析，揭示了地区结构特点及不同地区服务业与其经济发展水平的关系。
第4章我国服务业的产业关联效应。本章采用最新的2007年中国投入产出表以及2002年投入产出表，对服务业及各细分行业与国民经济其它产业的关联进行纵向动态分析。通过对直接消耗系数和完全消耗系数的测算，发现农林牧渔业、采矿业、制造业以及电力热水生产和供应业、建筑业等非服务部门对交通运输仓储业、批发和零售业、金融业的消耗量较大，而对其它服务部门的消耗相对较小；服务业的15个细分行业对制造业的消耗量相对较高，服务业各个细分部门对自身的消耗量也较大。通过测算服务业各细分行业的中间投入率，发现我国大部分服务业部门的增加值率在下降；通过测算中间需求率，发现大部分服务业部门对其它产业的影响在增加，服务业部门在国民经济发展中的作用在增强。虽然我国服务业的规模相对较小，但受其它产业的影响较小，产业独立性较强，这为其发展提供了巨大的空间。本章还利用影响力系数分析了服务业各细分行业对国民经济的拉动作用，利用感应度系数分析了服务业受其它产业的制约作用，利用生产诱发系数计算消费、投资和出口等最终需求项目对服务业细分行业的生产诱导作用程度，利用依存度系数分析了服务业细分行业对消费、投资和出口等最终需求项目的依赖程度。结果表明，服务业中的大部分细分行业的影响力系数和感应度系数都低于社会平均水平，因此就整体而言，服务业产业波及效应还不大，我国服务业发展还相对滞后；服务业的消费依存度系数基本都在0.4以上，服务业发展主要依靠消费，但是投资和出口对服务业部门的影响作用在变大，服务业发展对投资活动的依赖程度增加、服务业发展更具外向型特点；服务业细分行业具体可分为典型消费依赖型、典型投资依赖型、典型出口依赖型以及均衡发展型4种类型。
第5章我国服务业生产率的静态分析。服务业生产率水平直接制约着服务业的发展，本章以我国31个省市作为决策单元，选取人力资本、技术创新、政府支持三个环境变量，以服务业增加值作为产出变量，以服务业劳动力和固定资产投资作为投入变量，运用三阶段DEA模型测算了2009年我国服务业的生产率状况。结果表明，人力资本、技术创新和政府支持对我国服务业生产率的提高具有显著的影响作用；我国各省市服务业的综合技术效率平均值为0.520，说明我国服务业的整体发展水平较低；我国各省市服务业生产效率可分为四种类型，即“双高型”、“低技术高规模型”、“高技术低规模型”和“双低型”；从区域角度来看，我国服务业的发展存在明显的地域差异，即东部地区最优，中部地区次之，西部地区最差。
第6章我国服务业生产率的动态分析。本章将三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数模型相结合，利用三阶段Malmquist生产率指数模型，动态测算了我国30个省市服务业2004年至2009年的生产率状况。结果表明，我国服务业综合技术效率表现不容乐观，6年的平均值仅为0.668，这说明目前我国服务业的整体发展水平较低，但从效率变化情况看，全国服务业综合技术效率呈现逐年增加的态势；2004年至2009年我国服务业全要素生产率增加是因为技术进步和技术效率（虽然仅增加了0.1个百分点）共同作用的结果；从省级层面来看，30个省市服务业的技术进步都呈现增加的趋势，技术进步是促使服务业全要素生产率增加的主要原因。从服务业综合效率的收敛性来看，全国以及三大区域的服务业综合效率存在绝对β收敛，从收敛速度看，东部地区的收敛速度要快于中部和西部地区。从服务业全要素生产率的变异系数可以看出，全国范围内的服务业全要素生产率总体差异呈现下降的趋势。
第7章我国服务业生产率的行业分析。本章以服务业14个细分行业作为决策单元，选取行业增加值作为产出数据，劳动力和资本投入作为投入指标，利用DEA模型和基于DEA的Malmquist指数模型计算了我国服务业细分行业2004年至2009年的生产率状况。结果表明，2004年至2009年，我国服务业的全要素生产率平均增长了6.1%，主要是因为服务业技术进步的作用，而纯技术效率不高是制约我国服务业生产率提升的主要因素；服务业14个细分行业的全要素生产率虽然都有所增长，但是推动其增长的原因因行业不同而有所不同。行业技术效率和规模效率连续保持为1，且全要素生产率持续保持增长的行业只有金融业、居民服务和其他服务业，其余服务业细分行业在纯技术效率或者规模效率方面存在一定的可改进空间。近几年我国服务业分行业全要素生产率都呈现稳步增长的趋势，行业增长率差距并不大，说明服务业分行业生产率发展比较均衡。
本文最后是结论，对全文的分析结果进行了总结。
The global scope appear "industry-oriented economy" turn to "service-oriented economy" and the service industry has become an important factor for national economic growth,absorbing employment and improving international competitiveness,service industry's status also has become an important symbol of comprehensive competitiveness and modernization level.In the year of1992,China made the policy "on the decision to accelerate the development of service industry",since then service industry's development has become China's policy guidance.
With the continuous adjustment and upgrading of China's industrial structure,service industry has become an important industry to promote a new round of economic growth. Although the industrial scale of China's service industry continues to expand and plays an important role in national economic and social development,the overall level of service industry is still low,it accounts for the proportion of gross domestic product is not only far behind the developed countries,but also significantly lower than the average of developing countries.In the process of our country's transformation of economic growth and pays attention to the connotative development,what kind of relationship between service industry and the other industries,how the relationship changes,how service industry and its segments pull the national economy,what kind of situation of service industry productivity and the productivity's trend,all of the above have become issues of the government and academia.To really plays an important role of the service industry,make it a new growth point of economic development,we first need to understand the industrial characteristics of the service industry,know the status of service industry and the productivity of its static characteristics and dynamic trends,and characteristics of service industry segments.According to the theory of industry correlation and productivity,based on the total level of service industry,the internal structure and regional structure,it uses the Input-Output model to analyze service industry segments'industry correlation,uses the index of Malmquist to do dynamic comparative analysis of service industry segments'productivity,uses Three-stage DEA model to do static analysis of China's service industry productivity,uses Three-stage Malmquist model to do dynamic comparative analysis of China's service industry productivity.It reveals the growth characteristics and the problems of the service industry,and provides a reference for the development of service industry and national economy,as well as industry policy formulation.
Overall,the paper is divided into7chapters,specific contents are as follows:
Chapter1is the introduction of the paper,this part mainly presents this paper's research background,research significance,re search purposes,research methods,innovation,research framework,main content,etc.And,the theory of industry correlation,productivity and their development in the domestic and foreign countries are reviewed.
Chapter2mainly discusses about some basic theory of the service industry,the definition of service industry and the classification of service industry are discussed deeply in this part.Then it discusses the theories of the service industry.Such as the stage of economic development,service industry and employment theory,service industry and industrial structure.
Chapter3is about the current development of China's service industry.In this part,the overall level of development of service industry,service industry's labor input,service industry's investment in fixed assets,internal structure of service industry and the district structure of service industry are analyzed deeply.In a word,this part can make us understand the situation and development trend of China's service industry.
Chapter4is industry correlation effect of service industry in China.This chapter uses the latest2007Input-Output table and the2002Input-Output table to analyze the relationship between service industry segments and other industries in the national economy.Through calculation of the direct consumption coefficient and total consumption coefficient,we find that non-service industries,such as agriculture,mining,manufacturing and electricity,hot water production and supply industry,have larger consumption in the transportation and warehousing industry, whole sale and retail trade,financial industry; service industry segments'consumption of the manufacturing industry is relatively high,the consumption of itself is also high.Through calculation of the middle input rate coefficient,we find service industry's value added rate is decline;through calculation of the middle demand rate coefficient,we find the influence of most service industry segments to other industries is increasing,and the role of service industry in national economic development is enhancing.Although the scale of China's service industry is relatively small,it is relatively independence,so it supplies a great deal of space for its development.This chapter also uses influence coefficient to analyze industry segments'role in boosting the national economy,uses the sensitivity coefficient to analyze the restraining effect of the service industry by other industries,uses induced coefficient of production to calculate the final demand items,such as consumption,investment and exports'induced level of service industry segments,uses final dependency coefficient to analyze service industry segments'reliance on consumption,investment and exports.The results show most of service industry segments' influence coefficients,sensitivity coefficients are below the average level.Therefore,the development of China's service industry is relatively slow,the level of China's service industry is still lag.Service industry segments'final consumption's dependency coefficient is above0.4,the development of the service industry relies mainly on consumption,but investment and exports' impact on the service industry grows larger,the development of service industry relies on investment activities that is increasing,so the development of the service industry has more export-oriented features.Service industry segments are divided into different industry groups.
Chapter5is the static analysis of service industry's productivity in China.Productivity constraints directly with the development of the service industry,this chapter uses China's31provinces as the decision-making units,selects human capital,technical innovation,government support as the environmental variables,value added as output data,labor and investment in fixed assets as input data,then uses Three-stage DEA model to calculate service industry'productivity in the year2009.The results show that service industry's operation efficiency has a remarkable relationship with human capital,technical innovation and government's support;the technical efficiency of31provinces with the average of0.520is low,showing the level of development of service industry is low in China;moreover,China's provinces can be divided into four types according to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency;lastly,the efficiency of service industry in East,Central and West China differs wildly,that is to say,the one in East China is the best and the one in West China is the worst.
Chapter6is the dynamic analysis of service industry's productivity in China.This chapter combinates the Three-stage DEA and Malmquist index model,uses Three-stage Malmquist index model to calculate service industry's productivity from the year2004to2009of30provinces in China.The results show that the performance of technical efficiency of service industry is not optimistic,the average is only0.668,indicating that the overall level of service industry in China is low,but from the efficiency changes,we know the trend of efficiency of the national service industry increases year by year;the total factor productivity's increase is because of technical progress and technical efficiency (although only increases0.1percentage points)from the year2004to2009;from the provincial level,technical progress has shown an increasing trend,and technical progress is the main reason to promote the increase of total factor productivity.From the service efficiency's convergence,we know there is absolute convergence of the overall efficiency in China,the eastern convergence speed is faster than the central and western.From the variation coefficient of service industry's total factor productivity,we know the differences between the regions tend to decrease.
Chapter7is mainly about the productivity of service industry segments.This chapter uses service industry's14segments as the decision-making units,selects value added as output data, labor and capital inputs as input data,then uses DEA model and Malmquist Index model to calculate service industry segments'productivity from the year2004to2009.The results show that the average total factor productivity of China's service industry grows6.1percent,mainly because of the role of technology progress,while pure technical efficiency is not high,the main factor that restricts service industry's efficiency;although all of service industry segments'total factor productivity is growing,the reason is different depending on the segment.In all of the service industry segments,only financial industry,resident service and other service'technical efficiency and scale efficiency maintain at1,meanwhile their total factor productivities grow continuously.Service industry segments'total factor productivity all grow in recent years, these various segments have shown a steady growth trend,and the growth rate does not differ much,indicating that the productivity has a more balanced development.
Finally,it summarizes the results of the analysis of the full text.
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