粗细粒度双知识网映射的零部件设计重用方法
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摘要
产品设计重用是在20世纪末国内外开始兴起的一个研究领域,其主要思想是基于计算机技术如何挖掘、管理、利用企业现有设计资源,使企业资源的利用率最大化,同时支持新产品的快速创新开发。设计重用可有效的缩短产品开发周期,降低产品的设计成本,并提高设计质量。本文研究的零部件设计重用是产品设计重用的重要组成部分,据调查,在新产品设计中,约有40%-50%是重用过去的零部件,约有30%-40%是对已有的零部件稍作修改。
我国中小企业在数量上占企业总数的99%,所占GDP比重超过了大型企业,零部件设计重用具有重要意义。目前的零部件设计重用研究大多针对大型企业的大规模定制,但是中小企业人力、物力、财力方面无法满足实现大规模定制系统要求,关键是中小企业现有的树状零部件库很难描述零部件之间相关联关系,但是重建零部件库需花费大量人力、物力,现在的问题是能否基于现有零部件库基础上实现设计重用。
为此,本文课题在国家自然基金项目资助下,面向中小企业研究了零部件设计重用若干关键问题,提出了双知识网映射的零部件设计重用方法。结合我国国情,研究适合于中小企业的零部件设计重用方法,无疑是一个值得研究的重要课题。本文主要工作内容如下：
(1)提出了一种粗细粒度双知识网映射的零部件设计知识重用方法。该方法在中小企业现有产品零部件图形数据库结构的关系树状表达知识基础上,借鉴语义网知识,构造了一个粗粒度网状零部件知识网,用来描述零部件的主要设计信息(例如齿轮的齿数、模数等)及零部件设计信息的特征与特征、特征与属性以及属性与属性的联系,建立各零部件之间的关联联系。将企业原有的图形数据库作为细粒度树状知识网,进而建立了两个知识网的映射关系,以实现零部件知识重用。给出了零部件基于CAD模型知识获取若干关键技术,包括基于CAD模型的零部件参数和几何信息装配关系等知识的获取、存储等关键技术的实现。
(2)给出基于粗细粒度双网映射的零部件知识相似度检索计算方法。根据中小企业零部件重用的需要检索的知识,给出了一个零部件设计重用的粗细粒度以及二者之间映射的零部件相似度检索算法,该相似度计算主要包括粗粒度知识网的数值型特征相似度计算、概念相似度计算、关系相似度计算；细粒度知识网的相似度计算以及其各相似度权重的估算方法,本检索方法通过实例进行了验证。
(3)给出了基于Web服务的零部件参数化设计重用共享资源方法。为中小企业提供零部件设计重用的共享资源,借鉴软件重用中的组件模型可重用服务,将接口与实现过程相分离思想,提出了一个基于Web服务的零部件参数化设计重用共享资源方法。用户在客户端既可以通过设计接口直接驱动服务器端设计服务层中的共享的设计重用模板完成相应的设计功能,也可以是由用户提出设计需求,由服务器端的人员驱动设计模板完成设计需求；设计服务层是由服务器端的一系列设计重用服务模板组成,用于零部件的三维实体建模、有限元仿真或其它设计过程；设计结果层表现形式上主要是实体模型,工程分析优化数据等。该方法为中小企业提供共享的设计资源,拓展了中小企业设计知识重用的范围。
上述工作期望有助于中小企业的零部件知识重用理论和方法研究进展,期望有助于提高中小企业的产品设计重用质量和效率,以及提高中小企业的产品知识的设计和信息化水平。
Design reuse of product has become a hot research field outside China since the late20th century. Its main idea is to maximize the usage of the resources, meanwhile to support the rapid innovative develop of new products by mining, managing and utilizing the existing design resources of enterprise with the help of computer technology.Design reuse can effectively shorten the development cycle of new product, reduce design costs and improve design quality.Parts design reuse is an important component of design reuse.It has been reported that when designing a new product, about40%to50%parts of the old products are reused and about30%to40%are slightly modified.
Ninety nine percent of the enterprises in china are the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs),and the GDP of SMEs has exceeded that of the large enterprises. Therefore, the parts design reuse technology is of great significance for the SMEs.However, the current design reuse mainly focuses on mass customization for the large enterprises,while most of SMEs are difficult to meet the requirements on mass customization due to the limitation in finance and human&material resources.The main obstacle is that the existing tree-structure-based parts library can hardly describe the relevant connection among different parts, while building a new parts library requires large costs such as manpower and money. Therefore, the present problem is how to realize the design reuse based on the current parts library.
This dissertation, under the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China, presentes parts design reuse methods with coarse-grained two-network-mapping to deal with several key problems of parts design reuse for SMEs.In accordance with the national conditions of China, study on parts design reuse methods for SMEs is undoubtedly an important project worth researching.This paper presents the following major tasks of the study:
Firstly, we propose a parts design reuse method with coarse-grained two-network-mapping. Based on the SMEs'existing graphic parts library with relation tree, the method adopts a semantic web to construct a parts knowledge network with coarse structure.This coarse parts knowledge network is used to describe the main design information(such as the number of gear teeth and gear modules) and their relationships among different features and different attributes,between features and attributes.Therefore,the associated relations between different parts are built. The existing graphic parts library of the enterprise is taken as a knowledge network with grained structure.Furthermore,a mapping relation between the two knowledge networks is established to reuse the parts design knowledge.The key technologies of acquiring the knowledge of CAD model of parts are also discussed, including the acquisition of assembly relation between parameter and geometrical information of CAD model, the data storage and so forth.
Secondly, a parts knowledge similarity retrieval algorithm based on coarse-grained two-network-mapping is presented. According to the required retrieval knowledge for parts reuse of the SMEs, we establish parts design reuse networks with coarse and grained structure respectively, and propose a part similarity retrieval algorithm based on the mapping between the two networks.The similarity calculation includes the computing between definition similarities,value similarities, relation similarities and the estimation method of different similarity weights.Finally, the retrieval algorithm is validated and demonstrated by an example.
Thirdly, we present a parametric design resource reuse method for parts design based on web service.The proposed framework borrows the ideas from component model of software reuse, such as reuse service,separation of interface and realization procedure.The reuse framework for parts can be divided into three layers:the design interface layer, the design service layer, and the design result layer. Users log onto the design interface layer on the user terminal and complete corresponding design by driving the shared design reuse templates on the design service layer of the server terminal.The design service layer consists of a series of service templates for parts design use to provide the following functions:3D solid modeling, finite element simulation and other design procedures.The design result layer provides and displays solid models, the optimizied data and so on.The propoposed method can provide the shared design resources for the SMEs and extend the range of design knowledge reuse for SMEs.
The above works are hoped to promote advance in the theory and method of parts design reuse for SMEs and to improve the product design quality and efficiency for the SMEs.It is also expected to promote the level of the product knowledge design and informatization.
我国中小企业在数量上占企业总数的99%,所占GDP比重超过了大型企业,零部件设计重用具有重要意义。目前的零部件设计重用研究大多针对大型企业的大规模定制,但是中小企业人力、物力、财力方面无法满足实现大规模定制系统要求,关键是中小企业现有的树状零部件库很难描述零部件之间相关联关系,但是重建零部件库需花费大量人力、物力,现在的问题是能否基于现有零部件库基础上实现设计重用。
为此,本文课题在国家自然基金项目资助下,面向中小企业研究了零部件设计重用若干关键问题,提出了双知识网映射的零部件设计重用方法。结合我国国情,研究适合于中小企业的零部件设计重用方法,无疑是一个值得研究的重要课题。本文主要工作内容如下：
(1)提出了一种粗细粒度双知识网映射的零部件设计知识重用方法。该方法在中小企业现有产品零部件图形数据库结构的关系树状表达知识基础上,借鉴语义网知识,构造了一个粗粒度网状零部件知识网,用来描述零部件的主要设计信息(例如齿轮的齿数、模数等)及零部件设计信息的特征与特征、特征与属性以及属性与属性的联系,建立各零部件之间的关联联系。将企业原有的图形数据库作为细粒度树状知识网,进而建立了两个知识网的映射关系,以实现零部件知识重用。给出了零部件基于CAD模型知识获取若干关键技术,包括基于CAD模型的零部件参数和几何信息装配关系等知识的获取、存储等关键技术的实现。
(2)给出基于粗细粒度双网映射的零部件知识相似度检索计算方法。根据中小企业零部件重用的需要检索的知识,给出了一个零部件设计重用的粗细粒度以及二者之间映射的零部件相似度检索算法,该相似度计算主要包括粗粒度知识网的数值型特征相似度计算、概念相似度计算、关系相似度计算；细粒度知识网的相似度计算以及其各相似度权重的估算方法,本检索方法通过实例进行了验证。
(3)给出了基于Web服务的零部件参数化设计重用共享资源方法。为中小企业提供零部件设计重用的共享资源,借鉴软件重用中的组件模型可重用服务,将接口与实现过程相分离思想,提出了一个基于Web服务的零部件参数化设计重用共享资源方法。用户在客户端既可以通过设计接口直接驱动服务器端设计服务层中的共享的设计重用模板完成相应的设计功能,也可以是由用户提出设计需求,由服务器端的人员驱动设计模板完成设计需求；设计服务层是由服务器端的一系列设计重用服务模板组成,用于零部件的三维实体建模、有限元仿真或其它设计过程；设计结果层表现形式上主要是实体模型,工程分析优化数据等。该方法为中小企业提供共享的设计资源,拓展了中小企业设计知识重用的范围。
上述工作期望有助于中小企业的零部件知识重用理论和方法研究进展,期望有助于提高中小企业的产品设计重用质量和效率,以及提高中小企业的产品知识的设计和信息化水平。
Design reuse of product has become a hot research field outside China since the late20th century. Its main idea is to maximize the usage of the resources, meanwhile to support the rapid innovative develop of new products by mining, managing and utilizing the existing design resources of enterprise with the help of computer technology.Design reuse can effectively shorten the development cycle of new product, reduce design costs and improve design quality.Parts design reuse is an important component of design reuse.It has been reported that when designing a new product, about40%to50%parts of the old products are reused and about30%to40%are slightly modified.
Ninety nine percent of the enterprises in china are the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs),and the GDP of SMEs has exceeded that of the large enterprises. Therefore, the parts design reuse technology is of great significance for the SMEs.However, the current design reuse mainly focuses on mass customization for the large enterprises,while most of SMEs are difficult to meet the requirements on mass customization due to the limitation in finance and human&material resources.The main obstacle is that the existing tree-structure-based parts library can hardly describe the relevant connection among different parts, while building a new parts library requires large costs such as manpower and money. Therefore, the present problem is how to realize the design reuse based on the current parts library.
This dissertation, under the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China, presentes parts design reuse methods with coarse-grained two-network-mapping to deal with several key problems of parts design reuse for SMEs.In accordance with the national conditions of China, study on parts design reuse methods for SMEs is undoubtedly an important project worth researching.This paper presents the following major tasks of the study:
Firstly, we propose a parts design reuse method with coarse-grained two-network-mapping. Based on the SMEs'existing graphic parts library with relation tree, the method adopts a semantic web to construct a parts knowledge network with coarse structure.This coarse parts knowledge network is used to describe the main design information(such as the number of gear teeth and gear modules) and their relationships among different features and different attributes,between features and attributes.Therefore,the associated relations between different parts are built. The existing graphic parts library of the enterprise is taken as a knowledge network with grained structure.Furthermore,a mapping relation between the two knowledge networks is established to reuse the parts design knowledge.The key technologies of acquiring the knowledge of CAD model of parts are also discussed, including the acquisition of assembly relation between parameter and geometrical information of CAD model, the data storage and so forth.
Secondly, a parts knowledge similarity retrieval algorithm based on coarse-grained two-network-mapping is presented. According to the required retrieval knowledge for parts reuse of the SMEs, we establish parts design reuse networks with coarse and grained structure respectively, and propose a part similarity retrieval algorithm based on the mapping between the two networks.The similarity calculation includes the computing between definition similarities,value similarities, relation similarities and the estimation method of different similarity weights.Finally, the retrieval algorithm is validated and demonstrated by an example.
Thirdly, we present a parametric design resource reuse method for parts design based on web service.The proposed framework borrows the ideas from component model of software reuse, such as reuse service,separation of interface and realization procedure.The reuse framework for parts can be divided into three layers:the design interface layer, the design service layer, and the design result layer. Users log onto the design interface layer on the user terminal and complete corresponding design by driving the shared design reuse templates on the design service layer of the server terminal.The design service layer consists of a series of service templates for parts design use to provide the following functions:3D solid modeling, finite element simulation and other design procedures.The design result layer provides and displays solid models, the optimizied data and so on.The propoposed method can provide the shared design resources for the SMEs and extend the range of design knowledge reuse for SMEs.
The above works are hoped to promote advance in the theory and method of parts design reuse for SMEs and to improve the product design quality and efficiency for the SMEs.It is also expected to promote the level of the product knowledge design and informatization.
引文
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