重大件货物滚装装船技术的研究
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摘要
随着世界经济的发展和经济的全球化,许多制造业基地从发达国家向发展中国家转移,大型项目的投资同益增长,这种大型的工程设备、建设用设备只能通过海运完成。由于这类货物的超大、超重、形状不规则等特点,使传统的吊装吊卸变得困难,而且在装运的过程中也出现了不少的问题,同时也由于港口吊装设备等条件的限制,使重大件货物的吊装难以实现。因此,大件货物的滚装运输就成为一种合理的选择。但由于大件货物的尺寸和重量大的特点,使其在滚装作业中对船舶的浮态和稳性影响都比较大,那么在重大件滚装装船过程中如何控制船舶的浮态以保证安全作业就显得尤为重要。
目前重大件货物装船事故时有发生,如何针对重大件货物滚装运输制定合理的控制方案,以使压载水的排放速度与滚装车组的行进速度相匹配已引起航运界的广泛关注。本文针对重大件货物滚装装船过程中出现的以上问题进行了研究。
本文以船舶静力学原理为基础,对重大件货物滚装作业前的准备情况、滚装作业过程中的各因素的变化对装船的影响进行了仔细的分析,进而总结出了大件货物滚装装船时机的选择,对重大件货物载运驳船尺度和吨位的选择,并且根据重大件货物滚装装船过程中驳船状态的变化,得到制定重大件货物滚装装船的控制方案的计算原理。在此基础上,以Microsoft Visual Studio 2005为开发平台,开发出重大件货物滚装装船计算机控制系统,并利用该系统进行了实船计算,最终制定出重大件货物滚装装船控制方案。通过把计算结果和实际工程的比较,验证了结果的正确性和装船控制方案的合理性。
本文利用计算机控制系统,以某驳船滚装某重大件货物为例,针对同一件重大件货物选择不同驳船、重大件货物装船的不同时机、重大件货物滚装运行不同路线、驳船压载水的不同使用顺序对滚装效率的影响进行了实例计算,通过这些计算结果分析发现,如果操作得当,滚装效率将要提高50%以上,通过本文程序的计算结果来制定控制方案,既能提高滚装的安全性,又能大大提高滚装装船的装船效率。
With the development and globalism of the world economy, more and more manufacturing factories transferred from developed countries to china. The increasing of large item investment also brings the demand of huge cargo such as large facilities and construction facilities. And such huge cargos can be only transported by shipping. It is difficult for them to be shipped by traditional means to be loaded and unloaded with crane because of the greatness, weight and irregularness. So it is a good choice for them to be shipped by roll-roll shipping. Because of its huge size and weight, great influence have been given to the floatability and stability when the huge cargo is loading, so it's very important to control ship's floatability to ensure safety when the huge cargo is roll-roll loading.
Great attention have been paid to make the control plan to match the vehicle speed and deballast speed when huge cargo is roll-roll loading due to the loading disasters. Research have been made on the above problems in this thesis to the process of huge cargo roll-roll loading.
Based on the ship's statics theory, this thesis analyzed the preparation of huge cargo and barge carrier before loading and the change of every factor during loading, and then I give how to choose the time of huge cargo's roll-roll on shipping and how to choose the barge carrier. According to this, I summarized the principle of control scheme of ballast system when huge cargo is loading. Based on this, taking Microsoft visual studio 2005 as developing platform, I studied the huge cargo roll-roll on shipping computer control plan. By this, I made the accrual ship calculation, then gave the actual ballast control plan. Compared with the actual project, the calculation result is proved right and the ballast control system is feasible.
According to the huge cargo roll-roll on computer control system and some barge carrier and some huge cargo, I made the actual calculation about how to choose barge carrier, the time of loading, the advanced route of huge cargo vehicle group during loading and how to use the ballast tank. According to the actual calculation result, we can find that the efficiency will be improved about 50% if possible. We can not only improve the safety of roll-roll shipment, but also the efficiency if we make the control plan by the calculation result of the computer control system.
目前重大件货物装船事故时有发生,如何针对重大件货物滚装运输制定合理的控制方案,以使压载水的排放速度与滚装车组的行进速度相匹配已引起航运界的广泛关注。本文针对重大件货物滚装装船过程中出现的以上问题进行了研究。
本文以船舶静力学原理为基础,对重大件货物滚装作业前的准备情况、滚装作业过程中的各因素的变化对装船的影响进行了仔细的分析,进而总结出了大件货物滚装装船时机的选择,对重大件货物载运驳船尺度和吨位的选择,并且根据重大件货物滚装装船过程中驳船状态的变化,得到制定重大件货物滚装装船的控制方案的计算原理。在此基础上,以Microsoft Visual Studio 2005为开发平台,开发出重大件货物滚装装船计算机控制系统,并利用该系统进行了实船计算,最终制定出重大件货物滚装装船控制方案。通过把计算结果和实际工程的比较,验证了结果的正确性和装船控制方案的合理性。
本文利用计算机控制系统,以某驳船滚装某重大件货物为例,针对同一件重大件货物选择不同驳船、重大件货物装船的不同时机、重大件货物滚装运行不同路线、驳船压载水的不同使用顺序对滚装效率的影响进行了实例计算,通过这些计算结果分析发现,如果操作得当,滚装效率将要提高50%以上,通过本文程序的计算结果来制定控制方案,既能提高滚装的安全性,又能大大提高滚装装船的装船效率。
With the development and globalism of the world economy, more and more manufacturing factories transferred from developed countries to china. The increasing of large item investment also brings the demand of huge cargo such as large facilities and construction facilities. And such huge cargos can be only transported by shipping. It is difficult for them to be shipped by traditional means to be loaded and unloaded with crane because of the greatness, weight and irregularness. So it is a good choice for them to be shipped by roll-roll shipping. Because of its huge size and weight, great influence have been given to the floatability and stability when the huge cargo is loading, so it's very important to control ship's floatability to ensure safety when the huge cargo is roll-roll loading.
Great attention have been paid to make the control plan to match the vehicle speed and deballast speed when huge cargo is roll-roll loading due to the loading disasters. Research have been made on the above problems in this thesis to the process of huge cargo roll-roll loading.
Based on the ship's statics theory, this thesis analyzed the preparation of huge cargo and barge carrier before loading and the change of every factor during loading, and then I give how to choose the time of huge cargo's roll-roll on shipping and how to choose the barge carrier. According to this, I summarized the principle of control scheme of ballast system when huge cargo is loading. Based on this, taking Microsoft visual studio 2005 as developing platform, I studied the huge cargo roll-roll on shipping computer control plan. By this, I made the accrual ship calculation, then gave the actual ballast control plan. Compared with the actual project, the calculation result is proved right and the ballast control system is feasible.
According to the huge cargo roll-roll on computer control system and some barge carrier and some huge cargo, I made the actual calculation about how to choose barge carrier, the time of loading, the advanced route of huge cargo vehicle group during loading and how to use the ballast tank. According to the actual calculation result, we can find that the efficiency will be improved about 50% if possible. We can not only improve the safety of roll-roll shipment, but also the efficiency if we make the control plan by the calculation result of the computer control system.
引文
(1)http://www.blv56.com.cn/\news\news_show.php?id=2995
(2)http://www.mysteel.com/gc/cjzh/zchy/2006/12/21/000000,0,0,766111.html
(3)张荣忠.重型成套大件运输船供不应求.世界海运.2006(12):29-30.
(4)陈小弟.拖船发展趋势.航海工程.2003(5):58-59.
(5)Report of the International studyCommi ssion on the standardisation of Roll-on/Roll-off ships and Berths.supplement to Bulletin no.33(Vol.11/1979)of the P.I.A.N.C.
(6)Recent developments in RO-RO Equipmet technology.NAVIRE Cargo gear.1979.
(7)NAVIRE cargo gear RO-RO Equipment.1979.
(8)王彪.船运集装箱吊车系固技术研究.(硕士学位论文):大连:大连海事大学,2007.
(9)黄贤俊.重大件运输中驳船结果问题的计算、分析和研究:(硕士学位论文):武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
(10)沈华,张宁,单浩明等.滚装船上车辆积载与绑扎系固图及其应用.航海技术.2002(5):21-22.
(11)卫家骏.重大件运输专用船舶及其货运技术.世界海运.2002(8):11-12.
(12)赖云灵.重大件货物运输专用船舶的货运技术及注意事项.珠江水运.2003(7):33-36.
(13)P.Andersson etal.securing of road trailers on board RO-Ro ship's,Mariterm AB.IMO conference.London.February.
(14)S.R.Turnbull and D.Dawson.The Securing of Vehicles on Board Ro/Ro ships.Transaction of the rina.Ptl.1995.vol.187.P37-51.
(15)Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing.Imo 17~(th)assembly revolution.1991.
(16)Improved Safety Concept for Ro/Ro Passenger Vessels.Guard news 142.July 1996.
(17)宋德华.滚装船的主尺度计算.船舶工程.1980(1).
(18)杨玉祥.滚装船及滚装码头布置的初步探讨.港工技术.1990年04期.
(19)Report of the International Study Commission On the Standardization of Roll-on/Roll-off Ships and Berths Supplement to Bulletin no.33(vol.11/1979)of the P.I.A.N.C
(20)Lcdr.John D.Koski.The role of the U.S.Coast Guard in the Development of Shipbuilding Standards.1985.
(21)李新兵.重大件的海上拖航运输.航海技术.2004(5):5-7.
(22)张宁.滚装船上车辆绑扎系固动态模拟的数学模型:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2001年.
(23)王云煌.船舶吃水差精算法.世界海运.1996,No6.50-51.
(24)东昉,贾新传,高绪龙.散装船吃水差调整的一种新方法.大连海事大学学报.1996年2月16-17.
(25)蒋维清等.船舶原理.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998.
(26)孙玉昌,龙熙陵.载车状态对滚装船稳性的影响.航海工程.2004(4).7-9.
(27)孙玉昌,龙熙陵.滚装船的稳性横准.中国水运.2003(9).17-18
(28)肖维维,李俊华等.船舶破舱稳性计算方法研究.中国水运.2006(11).12-14.
(29)徐邦祯,姜华.重火件货物装卸中船舶稳性的计算及调整.大连海事大学学报.2003年2月,50-52.
(30)唐惠宇.散货船装载过程优化的研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2004年.
(31)吴兆建.散货船破舱安全性的研究:(硕十学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2003年.
(32)徐邦祯,王建平,田佰军.海上货物运输技术.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001.
(33)吴亚军.用EXCEL进行航次计算.天津航海.2005年第1期.9-10.
(34)F.ScOtt Barker.VB.net与ADO.net数据库编程(M).北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
(35)孔长征,李兴旺.VB.NET编程实例教程(M).北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
(36)黄云.Visual Basic.Net GDI+技术教程(M).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
(2)http://www.mysteel.com/gc/cjzh/zchy/2006/12/21/000000,0,0,766111.html
(3)张荣忠.重型成套大件运输船供不应求.世界海运.2006(12):29-30.
(4)陈小弟.拖船发展趋势.航海工程.2003(5):58-59.
(5)Report of the International studyCommi ssion on the standardisation of Roll-on/Roll-off ships and Berths.supplement to Bulletin no.33(Vol.11/1979)of the P.I.A.N.C.
(6)Recent developments in RO-RO Equipmet technology.NAVIRE Cargo gear.1979.
(7)NAVIRE cargo gear RO-RO Equipment.1979.
(8)王彪.船运集装箱吊车系固技术研究.(硕士学位论文):大连:大连海事大学,2007.
(9)黄贤俊.重大件运输中驳船结果问题的计算、分析和研究:(硕士学位论文):武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
(10)沈华,张宁,单浩明等.滚装船上车辆积载与绑扎系固图及其应用.航海技术.2002(5):21-22.
(11)卫家骏.重大件运输专用船舶及其货运技术.世界海运.2002(8):11-12.
(12)赖云灵.重大件货物运输专用船舶的货运技术及注意事项.珠江水运.2003(7):33-36.
(13)P.Andersson etal.securing of road trailers on board RO-Ro ship's,Mariterm AB.IMO conference.London.February.
(14)S.R.Turnbull and D.Dawson.The Securing of Vehicles on Board Ro/Ro ships.Transaction of the rina.Ptl.1995.vol.187.P37-51.
(15)Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing.Imo 17~(th)assembly revolution.1991.
(16)Improved Safety Concept for Ro/Ro Passenger Vessels.Guard news 142.July 1996.
(17)宋德华.滚装船的主尺度计算.船舶工程.1980(1).
(18)杨玉祥.滚装船及滚装码头布置的初步探讨.港工技术.1990年04期.
(19)Report of the International Study Commission On the Standardization of Roll-on/Roll-off Ships and Berths Supplement to Bulletin no.33(vol.11/1979)of the P.I.A.N.C
(20)Lcdr.John D.Koski.The role of the U.S.Coast Guard in the Development of Shipbuilding Standards.1985.
(21)李新兵.重大件的海上拖航运输.航海技术.2004(5):5-7.
(22)张宁.滚装船上车辆绑扎系固动态模拟的数学模型:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2001年.
(23)王云煌.船舶吃水差精算法.世界海运.1996,No6.50-51.
(24)东昉,贾新传,高绪龙.散装船吃水差调整的一种新方法.大连海事大学学报.1996年2月16-17.
(25)蒋维清等.船舶原理.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998.
(26)孙玉昌,龙熙陵.载车状态对滚装船稳性的影响.航海工程.2004(4).7-9.
(27)孙玉昌,龙熙陵.滚装船的稳性横准.中国水运.2003(9).17-18
(28)肖维维,李俊华等.船舶破舱稳性计算方法研究.中国水运.2006(11).12-14.
(29)徐邦祯,姜华.重火件货物装卸中船舶稳性的计算及调整.大连海事大学学报.2003年2月,50-52.
(30)唐惠宇.散货船装载过程优化的研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2004年.
(31)吴兆建.散货船破舱安全性的研究:(硕十学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2003年.
(32)徐邦祯,王建平,田佰军.海上货物运输技术.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001.
(33)吴亚军.用EXCEL进行航次计算.天津航海.2005年第1期.9-10.
(34)F.ScOtt Barker.VB.net与ADO.net数据库编程(M).北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
(35)孔长征,李兴旺.VB.NET编程实例教程(M).北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
(36)黄云.Visual Basic.Net GDI+技术教程(M).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.