澜沧江重大件运输船航行安全性分析
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摘要
澜沧江—湄公河是连接中国西南地区和东南亚地区的大动脉,澜沧江—湄公河航运的发展对区域经济建设起着巨大的推动作用。经过10年的探索、开发、整治,澜沧江航运条件得到了很大改善。但目前澜沧江航道等级依旧很低,比起国内其他内河航道来说仍有较大差距。澜沧江属于典型的山区河流,航道普遍存在着水流急、比降大、弯道多的特性,这些严重地威胁着船舶航行的安全。
本文以澜沧江水电站建设中一大批重大件设备的运输为背景,分析讨论部分条件恶劣的航段给船舶航行带来的安全隐患。文章主要研究重大件运输船在具有坡降的急流弯道内的航行受力情况。因为,此类航道是澜沧江航道中水流情况最复杂的航段,也是最容易发生事故的航段。所以,选用此航段来分析研究很具有代表性,也是偏于安全的。另外,本文分析的是重大件运输船,此类船舶比起其他运输船舶更难控制,航行的安全性要求也较高。因此,此类船舶的研究分析成果可以推广到其他类似船舶上,以作理论上的指导。
鉴于目前对澜沧江航运的研究主要集中于采用实船实验的通航水力指标研究,还没有从船舶自身受力的角度作出相关的研究分析。基于以上情况,本文采用力学方法,对不同航道条件下船舶的受力作出分析,再结合船舶自身指标来评估船舶航行的安全性。
本文把船舶在具有坡降的急流弯道内的受力开分研究,分别讨论船舶纵向和横向的受力。船舶的纵向受力表现为航行阻力,横向受力表现为横倾外力矩。分析在不同航道、水流条件下船舶各方向的受力,以此来评判船舶在该外界条件下是否能保证航行安全。通过计算,可以得出能保证船舶安全航行的水力指标,以及给船舶设计和营运提出相应的建议。另外,本文还分析论证了重大件货物的系固,并结合实际情况给出了合适的系固方案。
本文的研究主要针对重大件运输船,但研究成果也可以推广到其他类似船舶,可以给澜沧江航运提供一个理论分析和指导。
The Lancang river and Mekong river connects the China's southwest with Asia's southeast, Lancang river and Mekong river shipping plays a huge role in the development of regional economic construction. Through the exploration and development in recent ten years, the shipping conditions of Lancang river have been improved a lot. But the waterway of Lancang river is still bad. Compared with other domestic inland waterway, there is a big gap. Since Lancang river belongs to the typical mountainous rivers. The waterway equipped with rapid flow, large falling gradient and many bends. These characteristics serious threat the safety of the ship sailing.
This paper based on the transportation of great equipment for the river hydroelectric station, discusses the hidden dangers when ships navigate in some wicked waterway. This article mainly studies the force that ship has suffered in the sinuous waterway with falling gradient. The flow condition is the most complex in this kind of waterway and it is also the most prone to happen accidents. So, selecting this waterway for analysis and study is very representative. In addition, this paper mainly analyzes the cargo ship for awkward and lengthy cargo, compared to other transport ships, such ships are more difficult to control, the safety requirements for navigation is higher. So, this research and analysis can be extended to other similar ships, as a theoretically guiding.
In view of the present shipping research for Lancang river mainly focused on the hydraulic power index, rather than focused on the extraneous force that ship suffered. Based on the above situation, this article adopted the mechanics method, analyzed the extraneous force in different waterway conditions, and according to the ships'indicators to evaluate the safety of ship sailing.
This paper respectively researched the lateral force and longitudinal force that ship has suffered in the sinuous waterway with falling gradient. The longitudinal force manifested as the sailing resistance and the lateral force manifested as the heel moment of force. Calculating the lateral force and longitudinal force under different flow condition and according to the result to judge whether the sailing is safety. Through the computation, we can make out the hydraulic power index which can guarantee the safety of the ship's sailing as well as puts forward some relevant suggestions for the ship design and shipping. In addition, this paper also researched the bandaging for awkward and lengthy cargo, and based on the actual cargo puts forward an appropriate bandaging scheme.
The research of this paper mainly about the cargo ship transporting great goods, but this research results can be applied to other similar ships. It provides a theoretical analysis and guidance for the lancang river shipping.
本文以澜沧江水电站建设中一大批重大件设备的运输为背景,分析讨论部分条件恶劣的航段给船舶航行带来的安全隐患。文章主要研究重大件运输船在具有坡降的急流弯道内的航行受力情况。因为,此类航道是澜沧江航道中水流情况最复杂的航段,也是最容易发生事故的航段。所以,选用此航段来分析研究很具有代表性,也是偏于安全的。另外,本文分析的是重大件运输船,此类船舶比起其他运输船舶更难控制,航行的安全性要求也较高。因此,此类船舶的研究分析成果可以推广到其他类似船舶上,以作理论上的指导。
鉴于目前对澜沧江航运的研究主要集中于采用实船实验的通航水力指标研究,还没有从船舶自身受力的角度作出相关的研究分析。基于以上情况,本文采用力学方法,对不同航道条件下船舶的受力作出分析,再结合船舶自身指标来评估船舶航行的安全性。
本文把船舶在具有坡降的急流弯道内的受力开分研究,分别讨论船舶纵向和横向的受力。船舶的纵向受力表现为航行阻力,横向受力表现为横倾外力矩。分析在不同航道、水流条件下船舶各方向的受力,以此来评判船舶在该外界条件下是否能保证航行安全。通过计算,可以得出能保证船舶安全航行的水力指标,以及给船舶设计和营运提出相应的建议。另外,本文还分析论证了重大件货物的系固,并结合实际情况给出了合适的系固方案。
本文的研究主要针对重大件运输船,但研究成果也可以推广到其他类似船舶,可以给澜沧江航运提供一个理论分析和指导。
The Lancang river and Mekong river connects the China's southwest with Asia's southeast, Lancang river and Mekong river shipping plays a huge role in the development of regional economic construction. Through the exploration and development in recent ten years, the shipping conditions of Lancang river have been improved a lot. But the waterway of Lancang river is still bad. Compared with other domestic inland waterway, there is a big gap. Since Lancang river belongs to the typical mountainous rivers. The waterway equipped with rapid flow, large falling gradient and many bends. These characteristics serious threat the safety of the ship sailing.
This paper based on the transportation of great equipment for the river hydroelectric station, discusses the hidden dangers when ships navigate in some wicked waterway. This article mainly studies the force that ship has suffered in the sinuous waterway with falling gradient. The flow condition is the most complex in this kind of waterway and it is also the most prone to happen accidents. So, selecting this waterway for analysis and study is very representative. In addition, this paper mainly analyzes the cargo ship for awkward and lengthy cargo, compared to other transport ships, such ships are more difficult to control, the safety requirements for navigation is higher. So, this research and analysis can be extended to other similar ships, as a theoretically guiding.
In view of the present shipping research for Lancang river mainly focused on the hydraulic power index, rather than focused on the extraneous force that ship suffered. Based on the above situation, this article adopted the mechanics method, analyzed the extraneous force in different waterway conditions, and according to the ships'indicators to evaluate the safety of ship sailing.
This paper respectively researched the lateral force and longitudinal force that ship has suffered in the sinuous waterway with falling gradient. The longitudinal force manifested as the sailing resistance and the lateral force manifested as the heel moment of force. Calculating the lateral force and longitudinal force under different flow condition and according to the result to judge whether the sailing is safety. Through the computation, we can make out the hydraulic power index which can guarantee the safety of the ship's sailing as well as puts forward some relevant suggestions for the ship design and shipping. In addition, this paper also researched the bandaging for awkward and lengthy cargo, and based on the actual cargo puts forward an appropriate bandaging scheme.
The research of this paper mainly about the cargo ship transporting great goods, but this research results can be applied to other similar ships. It provides a theoretical analysis and guidance for the lancang river shipping.
引文
[1]王韬.云南省澜沧江航运发展研究[D].大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2009
[2]唐景曦.思茅地区中型水电开发之必要性[J].创造.2004(12)：42-43
[3]鲁佳.重大件运输船的机遇[J].船市.2006(10)：23
[4]赵明秋,季凯明.重大件货物运输船舶稳性的计算[J].中国水运.2010(8)：32-33
[5]张平.改善船舶完整稳性的措施[J].江苏船舶.2001(1)
[6]黎星,刘海洋,黄贤俊.有限元程序在重特大件运输中的运用[G].救捞专业委员会2004年学术交流会论文集.162-167
[7]胡洪奎.货物系固力是船体局部强度不可忽视的载荷[J].航海技术.2009(3)：34-36
[8]董晓韬.澜沧江下游急滩航行阻力研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2009
[9]戴玉婷.连续弯曲航道水流条件对通航影响的试验研究[D].长沙理工大学硕十学位论
文,2009
[10]曹民雄,姜继红,唐存本,蔡国正.船舶上滩阻力计算方法对比与分析[J].水利水运工程学报.2005(2)：41-45
[11]童思陈,钟亮,许光祥.弯道水流环流结构的试验研究[J].水运工程.2009(10)：32-35
[12]张玉萍.弯道水力学研究现状分析[J].武汉水利水电大学学报.2000(5)：35-40
[13]万俊,刘星,牙琪敏,熊金和.弯道中环流对船舶产生的倾覆力矩计算分析[J].水运工程.2007(1)：30-32
[14]季凯明,张安超.浅析重大件货物驳运安全[G].中国航海科技优秀论文集.2010：67-75.
[15]沈华.重大件货物刚性系固中的外力计算[J].中国航海.2000(2)：28-33
[16]杨守威.装载重大件货物系固方式研究[D].武汉理工大学硕十学位论文,2010
[17]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,157-300
[18]童思陈,许光祥,邓明文.澜沧江船舶航行阻力及通航水力指标研究[J].人民长江2010(2)：67-72
[19]王平义,蔡金德.弯曲河道纵向垂线平均流速平面分布的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展.1994(6)：267-275
[20]内河通航标准GB 50139-2004.长江航道局.
[21]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,7-55
[22]刁明军,杨海波,李斌华,罗永饮.弯道水力学研究现状与进展[J].西南民族大学学报. 2007(3)：596-601
[23]傅天清.简单圆孤曲线弯道水流特性研究[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[24]唐仁杰,胡旭跃,戴玉婷.弯曲河道水流的研究现状[J].水道港口,2009(2)：108-112
[25]孙东坡,朱岐武,张耀先,张晓松.弯道环流流速与泥沙横向输移研究[J].水科学进展,2006(1)：61-66.
[26]KIKKAWA H. Flow and bed topography in curved open channels [J]. J, Hydra Div,1976, 102(9):1327-1342
[27]ENGELUND F. Flow and Bed Topography in Channel Bends [J]. J. Hydra Div, Proc. ASCE,1974,100:1631-1648
[28]Kline S J, Reynolds W C. The Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers[J].J Fluid Mech, 1967,30-41
[29]VRIENG DE, H J, Theory of viscous flow in wide curved open channels [C]. Proc. IAHR Int. Symp. On River Mechanics,1973
[30]中华人民共和国海事局《内河船舶法定检验技术规则》(2004)[Z].人民交通出版社
[31]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,46-100
[32]艾建伟.急流航段小型客船横摇分析[J].珠江水运,2002(6)：34-35
[33]MARTIN J, KUO C. Ship stability criteria based on time-varying roll restoring moments [A].2nd International conference on stability of ships and ocean vehicles[C]. Tokyo, Japan, 1982
[34]Intact Stability Criteria for Passenger and Cargo Ship [S].IMO,1987
[35]KURE K, BANG C J. The ultimate harfroll [A]. Proceedings of international conference on stability of ships and ocean vehicles [C].Glasgow, England,1975
[36]汪有军.重大件货物海上运输刚性系固校核方法探讨[G].2009年度救捞论文集,185-187.
[37]IMO. Guidelines for the cargo securing manual [S].1997
[38]Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing. IMO 17th Assembly Resolution. 1991
[39]IMO. Safe practice for cargo stowage and securing (CSS) code [S]. LONDON:2003
[40]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,277-290
[41]孙丽娜.大型构件海上运输安全性分析[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[42]张红武,吕听.弯道水力学[M].水利电力出版社,2007
[2]唐景曦.思茅地区中型水电开发之必要性[J].创造.2004(12)：42-43
[3]鲁佳.重大件运输船的机遇[J].船市.2006(10)：23
[4]赵明秋,季凯明.重大件货物运输船舶稳性的计算[J].中国水运.2010(8)：32-33
[5]张平.改善船舶完整稳性的措施[J].江苏船舶.2001(1)
[6]黎星,刘海洋,黄贤俊.有限元程序在重特大件运输中的运用[G].救捞专业委员会2004年学术交流会论文集.162-167
[7]胡洪奎.货物系固力是船体局部强度不可忽视的载荷[J].航海技术.2009(3)：34-36
[8]董晓韬.澜沧江下游急滩航行阻力研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2009
[9]戴玉婷.连续弯曲航道水流条件对通航影响的试验研究[D].长沙理工大学硕十学位论
文,2009
[10]曹民雄,姜继红,唐存本,蔡国正.船舶上滩阻力计算方法对比与分析[J].水利水运工程学报.2005(2)：41-45
[11]童思陈,钟亮,许光祥.弯道水流环流结构的试验研究[J].水运工程.2009(10)：32-35
[12]张玉萍.弯道水力学研究现状分析[J].武汉水利水电大学学报.2000(5)：35-40
[13]万俊,刘星,牙琪敏,熊金和.弯道中环流对船舶产生的倾覆力矩计算分析[J].水运工程.2007(1)：30-32
[14]季凯明,张安超.浅析重大件货物驳运安全[G].中国航海科技优秀论文集.2010：67-75.
[15]沈华.重大件货物刚性系固中的外力计算[J].中国航海.2000(2)：28-33
[16]杨守威.装载重大件货物系固方式研究[D].武汉理工大学硕十学位论文,2010
[17]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,157-300
[18]童思陈,许光祥,邓明文.澜沧江船舶航行阻力及通航水力指标研究[J].人民长江2010(2)：67-72
[19]王平义,蔡金德.弯曲河道纵向垂线平均流速平面分布的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展.1994(6)：267-275
[20]内河通航标准GB 50139-2004.长江航道局.
[21]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,7-55
[22]刁明军,杨海波,李斌华,罗永饮.弯道水力学研究现状与进展[J].西南民族大学学报. 2007(3)：596-601
[23]傅天清.简单圆孤曲线弯道水流特性研究[D].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[24]唐仁杰,胡旭跃,戴玉婷.弯曲河道水流的研究现状[J].水道港口,2009(2)：108-112
[25]孙东坡,朱岐武,张耀先,张晓松.弯道环流流速与泥沙横向输移研究[J].水科学进展,2006(1)：61-66.
[26]KIKKAWA H. Flow and bed topography in curved open channels [J]. J, Hydra Div,1976, 102(9):1327-1342
[27]ENGELUND F. Flow and Bed Topography in Channel Bends [J]. J. Hydra Div, Proc. ASCE,1974,100:1631-1648
[28]Kline S J, Reynolds W C. The Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers[J].J Fluid Mech, 1967,30-41
[29]VRIENG DE, H J, Theory of viscous flow in wide curved open channels [C]. Proc. IAHR Int. Symp. On River Mechanics,1973
[30]中华人民共和国海事局《内河船舶法定检验技术规则》(2004)[Z].人民交通出版社
[31]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,46-100
[32]艾建伟.急流航段小型客船横摇分析[J].珠江水运,2002(6)：34-35
[33]MARTIN J, KUO C. Ship stability criteria based on time-varying roll restoring moments [A].2nd International conference on stability of ships and ocean vehicles[C]. Tokyo, Japan, 1982
[34]Intact Stability Criteria for Passenger and Cargo Ship [S].IMO,1987
[35]KURE K, BANG C J. The ultimate harfroll [A]. Proceedings of international conference on stability of ships and ocean vehicles [C].Glasgow, England,1975
[36]汪有军.重大件货物海上运输刚性系固校核方法探讨[G].2009年度救捞论文集,185-187.
[37]IMO. Guidelines for the cargo securing manual [S].1997
[38]Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing. IMO 17th Assembly Resolution. 1991
[39]IMO. Safe practice for cargo stowage and securing (CSS) code [S]. LONDON:2003
[40]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007,277-290
[41]孙丽娜.大型构件海上运输安全性分析[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[42]张红武,吕听.弯道水力学[M].水利电力出版社,2007