粘籽西瓜与籽瓜亚种间杂交种性状遗传研究
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摘要
粘籽西瓜(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum. Nakai sp.mucosospermus(Fursa,1972))起源于非洲的西部,籽瓜(Citrullus lanatus sp.vulgaris var megalaspermus Lin et Chao)起源于中国的西北部,它们属于不同的亚种。本文以6个籽瓜纯系：黑大片1、黑大片2、黑中片、黑小片、D7、D3和5个粘籽西瓜纯系：S216、S215、D98、D82、D68为材料,采用不完全双列杂交的方法配制了30个杂交组合,研究了亚种间杂交后代主要性状的配合力、遗传率、产量相关性状的主次关系及苗期枯萎病的抗性,并对粘籽西瓜S215和S216与黑大片2及其杂交种后代种仁主要营养成分进行了比较。同时利用D7与S216和黑小片与S215配制两个组合的六个世代Pa、Pb、F1、F2、BC1Pa、BC1Pb,研究分析了粘籽种皮性状的遗传规律和单瓜果实重量以及单瓜种子数量的遗传模型。研究结果表明：
1单瓜种子数在籽瓜亲本中的一般配合力和30个杂交组合中单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子重量的特殊配合力对30个组合间差异造成的影响不显著。单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子重量、单瓜种子数量及30粒种子重量的一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差分别为：96.71%、98.01%、62.78%、80.39和3.29%、1.99%、37.22%、19.61%。亲本中的粘籽西瓜D98和籽瓜D3在主要性状的一般配合力都表现较好。
2单瓜种子30粒重量、单瓜种子重量、单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子数量的广义遗传率和狭义遗传率分别为：94.89%、58.57%、55.86%、56.28%和76.28%、57.40%、54.02%、35.33%。
3种子产量相关性状主次关系依次为：单株坐果数>单瓜种子重量>30粒种子的重量>单瓜果实重量>早衰指数>节位>单瓜种子数量,关联度依次为：0.4872、0.4370、0.4329、0.4159、0.4152、0.3832、0.3589。
4苗期接种鉴定结果认为供试粘籽西瓜纯系中没有苗期抗枯萎病的材料,籽瓜中的D3在苗期抗枯萎病表现较好。
5粘籽西瓜S215与S216中的蛋白质含量低于籽瓜黑大片2,而粗脂肪含量高于籽瓜。杂交后代中蛋白质、粗脂肪及脂肪酸的含量介于两亲本之间。
6粘籽西瓜种皮粘囊性状属于隐性单基因控制。世代均值遗传模型分析认为,两组合的单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量分别属于加性-显性遗传模型和加性-显性-上位遗传模型。主基因多基因混合遗传模型分析结果认为：D7组合单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量性状分别属于两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(E-2)和两对等显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型(E-6)；黑小片组合单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量性状分别属于两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性.显性多基因混合遗传模型(E-1)和两对等加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(E-4)。
7综合主要观测性状遗传效应来看,在育种过程中D3在抗枯萎病育种和D98利用粘籽西瓜拓展籽瓜遗传物质基础方面都是较好的育种材料。
Egusi seed watermelon(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum. Nakai sp.mucosospennus(Fursa,1972)) and edible seed watermelon(Citrullus lanatus sp.vulgaris var megalaspermus Lin et Chao) originated in the west of Africa and north-west of China respectively. The combining ablity effect of the main characters.genetic rate,yield related traits that the primary and secondary relationship of production,seedlings identification by inoculated with Fusarium of hybrid parents and progeny of 30 crosses used to NCⅡmethod that origin from 6 edible seed watermelons inbred line (Heidapian 1, Heidapian 2,Heizhongpian,Heixiaopian,D7.D3) and 5 Egusi seed watermelons inbred line (S216,S215,D98,D82.D68) were studied. The main nutritional components of hybrids (D7 x S216, Heixiaopian x S215) and its parents were tested and compared.Genetic rule of egusi seed watermelon seed coat traits and genetic model of fruit weight and the seed number of fruit for six generations (Pa, Pb, F1, F2, BC1Pa, BC1Pb) by D7 with S216 and Heixiaopian with S215 were studied.The results showed as follow:
1 The general combinging ability of seeds per fruit in female parent, specific combining ability of the weight per fruit and the seed weight per fruit in 30 different combinations had no significant impact. The general combining ability and specific combining ability of the weight per fruit, the seed weight per fruit, the seeds per fruit and the weight of 30 seeds were 96.71%,98.01%,62.78 %,80.39 and 3.29%,1.99%,37.22%,19.61% respectively. D98 in and D3 had performed better t han others in the main characters.
2 Broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability of the weight of 30 seeds per fruit,the see d weight per fruit,the weight per fruit, seeds per fruit were 94.89%,58.57%,55.86%,56.28% and76. 28%,57.40%,54.02%,35.33% respectively.
3 The order of contribution to yield:the number of fruit set per plant> the seed weight per fruit>the weight of 30 seeds per fruit>the weight per fruit>premature senility index>node of fruit setting> seeds per fruit.correlation coefficient were in order:0.4872,0.4370,0.4329,0.4159,0.4152,0.3832, and 0.3589.
4 The results of seedlings identification by inoculated with Fusarium fungi showed that all of egusi seed watermelon has no resistance to Fusarium wilt; D3 was the better to Fusarium wilt resistance in tested seedling.
5 Protein content in seed of S215. S216 were lower than Heidapian 2, and the crude fat content was higher than Heidapian 2.The content of Protein the crude fat and fatty acid in hybrids were between male parent and female parent.
6 Seed coat type in egusi seed watermelon is controlled by a single recessive gene. The weight of a single fruit and the number of seeds in single fruit traits genetic rule are addtive and dominance model and additive, dominance and epistasis model respectively. Major gene and polygenes mixed inheritance model results showed:D7 combination charachers of the weight per fruit and seeds per fruit belonging
pairs additive-dominant major gene+additive-dominance model of multiple genes (E-2) and two pairs dominant major gene+additive-dominance model of multiple genes inheritance (E-6). Combination of heixiaopian of the weight per fruit and seeds per fruit of characters belonging to two pairs additive-dominance-major gene+additive epistasis-dominant gene mixed inheritance model (E-1) and two pairs additive major Gene +additive-dominant multi-gene model (E-4). 7 On the whole, D3 and D98 were both good breeding material in resistance to Fusarium wilt and expanding genetic base of edible seed watermelon respectively in the process of breeding.
1单瓜种子数在籽瓜亲本中的一般配合力和30个杂交组合中单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子重量的特殊配合力对30个组合间差异造成的影响不显著。单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子重量、单瓜种子数量及30粒种子重量的一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差分别为：96.71%、98.01%、62.78%、80.39和3.29%、1.99%、37.22%、19.61%。亲本中的粘籽西瓜D98和籽瓜D3在主要性状的一般配合力都表现较好。
2单瓜种子30粒重量、单瓜种子重量、单瓜果实重量、单瓜种子数量的广义遗传率和狭义遗传率分别为：94.89%、58.57%、55.86%、56.28%和76.28%、57.40%、54.02%、35.33%。
3种子产量相关性状主次关系依次为：单株坐果数>单瓜种子重量>30粒种子的重量>单瓜果实重量>早衰指数>节位>单瓜种子数量,关联度依次为：0.4872、0.4370、0.4329、0.4159、0.4152、0.3832、0.3589。
4苗期接种鉴定结果认为供试粘籽西瓜纯系中没有苗期抗枯萎病的材料,籽瓜中的D3在苗期抗枯萎病表现较好。
5粘籽西瓜S215与S216中的蛋白质含量低于籽瓜黑大片2,而粗脂肪含量高于籽瓜。杂交后代中蛋白质、粗脂肪及脂肪酸的含量介于两亲本之间。
6粘籽西瓜种皮粘囊性状属于隐性单基因控制。世代均值遗传模型分析认为,两组合的单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量分别属于加性-显性遗传模型和加性-显性-上位遗传模型。主基因多基因混合遗传模型分析结果认为：D7组合单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量性状分别属于两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(E-2)和两对等显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型(E-6)；黑小片组合单瓜果实重量和单瓜种子数量性状分别属于两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性.显性多基因混合遗传模型(E-1)和两对等加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(E-4)。
7综合主要观测性状遗传效应来看,在育种过程中D3在抗枯萎病育种和D98利用粘籽西瓜拓展籽瓜遗传物质基础方面都是较好的育种材料。
Egusi seed watermelon(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum. Nakai sp.mucosospennus(Fursa,1972)) and edible seed watermelon(Citrullus lanatus sp.vulgaris var megalaspermus Lin et Chao) originated in the west of Africa and north-west of China respectively. The combining ablity effect of the main characters.genetic rate,yield related traits that the primary and secondary relationship of production,seedlings identification by inoculated with Fusarium of hybrid parents and progeny of 30 crosses used to NCⅡmethod that origin from 6 edible seed watermelons inbred line (Heidapian 1, Heidapian 2,Heizhongpian,Heixiaopian,D7.D3) and 5 Egusi seed watermelons inbred line (S216,S215,D98,D82.D68) were studied. The main nutritional components of hybrids (D7 x S216, Heixiaopian x S215) and its parents were tested and compared.Genetic rule of egusi seed watermelon seed coat traits and genetic model of fruit weight and the seed number of fruit for six generations (Pa, Pb, F1, F2, BC1Pa, BC1Pb) by D7 with S216 and Heixiaopian with S215 were studied.The results showed as follow:
1 The general combinging ability of seeds per fruit in female parent, specific combining ability of the weight per fruit and the seed weight per fruit in 30 different combinations had no significant impact. The general combining ability and specific combining ability of the weight per fruit, the seed weight per fruit, the seeds per fruit and the weight of 30 seeds were 96.71%,98.01%,62.78 %,80.39 and 3.29%,1.99%,37.22%,19.61% respectively. D98 in and D3 had performed better t han others in the main characters.
2 Broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability of the weight of 30 seeds per fruit,the see d weight per fruit,the weight per fruit, seeds per fruit were 94.89%,58.57%,55.86%,56.28% and76. 28%,57.40%,54.02%,35.33% respectively.
3 The order of contribution to yield:the number of fruit set per plant> the seed weight per fruit>the weight of 30 seeds per fruit>the weight per fruit>premature senility index>node of fruit setting> seeds per fruit.correlation coefficient were in order:0.4872,0.4370,0.4329,0.4159,0.4152,0.3832, and 0.3589.
4 The results of seedlings identification by inoculated with Fusarium fungi showed that all of egusi seed watermelon has no resistance to Fusarium wilt; D3 was the better to Fusarium wilt resistance in tested seedling.
5 Protein content in seed of S215. S216 were lower than Heidapian 2, and the crude fat content was higher than Heidapian 2.The content of Protein the crude fat and fatty acid in hybrids were between male parent and female parent.
6 Seed coat type in egusi seed watermelon is controlled by a single recessive gene. The weight of a single fruit and the number of seeds in single fruit traits genetic rule are addtive and dominance model and additive, dominance and epistasis model respectively. Major gene and polygenes mixed inheritance model results showed:D7 combination charachers of the weight per fruit and seeds per fruit belonging
pairs additive-dominant major gene+additive-dominance model of multiple genes (E-2) and two pairs dominant major gene+additive-dominance model of multiple genes inheritance (E-6). Combination of heixiaopian of the weight per fruit and seeds per fruit of characters belonging to two pairs additive-dominance-major gene+additive epistasis-dominant gene mixed inheritance model (E-1) and two pairs additive major Gene +additive-dominant multi-gene model (E-4). 7 On the whole, D3 and D98 were both good breeding material in resistance to Fusarium wilt and expanding genetic base of edible seed watermelon respectively in the process of breeding.
引文
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