我国特种煤——烛煤溶剂抽提物类型与工艺研究
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摘要
以我国特种煤——黄陵烛煤为主要研究对象，分别选用乙二胺及二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N甲基吡咯烷酮与二硫化碳的混合溶剂，通过正交实验法，对其进行了温和条件下的溶剂抽提，通过大量抽提实验，探索出了所用各种溶剂对黄陵烛煤的最佳抽提条件。结果表明，乙二胺、二甲基甲酰胺与二硫化碳混合溶剂的最佳抽提条件相同，即：0.054mm、45℃、48h；二甲基乙酰胺及N甲基吡咯烷酮分别与二硫化碳的混合溶剂的最佳抽提条件分别为：0.064mm、50℃、48h和0.064mm、40℃、48h。在最佳抽提条件下，乙二胺及二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N甲基吡咯烷酮分别与二硫化碳混合的混合溶剂抽提率依次升高，分别为：21.56％、23.12％、25.38％和30.50％。采用扫描电镜、热重、差示扫描量热分析，傅立叶变换红外光谱及色-质联用等现代测试手段，对原煤、抽提残煤及抽提物进行了系统研究与结构表征。分析显示,温和条件下的溶剂抽提过程主要对小分子物质发生作用，小分子物质的抽提会导致煤中孔隙结构的变化；抽提残煤的热稳定性随溶剂抽提率增大而减小，残煤中富集芳香结构物质与无机矿物，抽提物中以脂肪结构物质和一些含杂原子官能团的小分子物质为主。色－质联用分析结果表明，烛煤抽提物由三类化合物组成，包括脂肪烃类化合物，一些含氮、含硫的杂环化合物及少量芳烃。烛煤抽提物的脂肪烃组份主要由C21～C29的正构烷烃和少量异构烷烃及环烷烃构成，正构烷烃主峰碳数分布在C23、C24、C25、C26和C27。N甲基吡咯烷酮与二硫化碳混合溶剂、二甲基乙酰胺与二硫化碳混合溶剂抽提物中，呈现类似的碳数分布规律，但在N甲基吡咯烷酮与二硫化碳混合溶剂抽提物中，有很多含氮、含硫的物质，而在二甲基乙酰胺与二硫化碳混合溶剂抽提物中只检到八硫原子环一种含杂原子的化合物，说明不同溶剂对抽提物存在一定的选择作用。检出的一些化合物在医药中间体、有机合成等方面有着一定的应用前途。
The extracts of special coal（Huangling cannel）and its extracting technology was studied. Selecting ED, DMAC－CS2, NMP－CS2 and DMF-CS2 extracted the coal in mild conditions by circumfluence extraction. The best technology parameters were found by the orthogonal design. The optimal parameters of ED and DMF-CS2 were just the same (0.054mm,45℃,48h), but the optimums of DMAC-CS2 and NMP-CS2 were 0.064mm,50℃,48h, and 0.064mm,40℃,48h respectively. The extracted yields of the coal in ED, DMAC－CS2, NMP－CS2 and DMF-CS2 was 21.56%,23.12%,25.38% and 30.50% in turn. The coal, its residues and extracts were analyzed by SEM, TG, DSC, FTIR and GC-MS. It was shown that the small molecular substance in coal was extracted in general. Solvent extraction made the hole structure of the coal increasing. Thermal stability of the coal residues declined. A majority of the extracts were aliphatic hydrocarbons, but mineral and aromatics enriched in the coal residues. There were three kinds of substance in the extracts. Aliphatic compounds, in which the principal components belonged to C21~C29 normal alkanes, were dominant in extracts. It also contained some iso-alkane and cycloalkane. Heterocyclic compounds included heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds and heterocyclic sulfo-compounds. Only very small amounts of the aromatics were detected. Some compounds in extracts could be used in medicament and organic synthesis.
The extracts of special coal（Huangling cannel）and its extracting technology was studied. Selecting ED, DMAC－CS2, NMP－CS2 and DMF-CS2 extracted the coal in mild conditions by circumfluence extraction. The best technology parameters were found by the orthogonal design. The optimal parameters of ED and DMF-CS2 were just the same (0.054mm,45℃,48h), but the optimums of DMAC-CS2 and NMP-CS2 were 0.064mm,50℃,48h, and 0.064mm,40℃,48h respectively. The extracted yields of the coal in ED, DMAC－CS2, NMP－CS2 and DMF-CS2 was 21.56%,23.12%,25.38% and 30.50% in turn. The coal, its residues and extracts were analyzed by SEM, TG, DSC, FTIR and GC-MS. It was shown that the small molecular substance in coal was extracted in general. Solvent extraction made the hole structure of the coal increasing. Thermal stability of the coal residues declined. A majority of the extracts were aliphatic hydrocarbons, but mineral and aromatics enriched in the coal residues. There were three kinds of substance in the extracts. Aliphatic compounds, in which the principal components belonged to C21~C29 normal alkanes, were dominant in extracts. It also contained some iso-alkane and cycloalkane. Heterocyclic compounds included heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds and heterocyclic sulfo-compounds. Only very small amounts of the aromatics were detected. Some compounds in extracts could be used in medicament and organic synthesis.
引文
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