基于接地系统频域特性的接地网缺陷诊断研究
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摘要
变电站接地网是维护变电站以及电力系统安全可靠运行、保障运行人员和电气设备稳定运行的根本保障和必要设施之一。接地网存在缺陷，会给电力系统的安全稳定运行带来极大隐患，严重时会给社会造成巨大的经济损失。接地网埋在地下，在不开挖的情况下很难获得有关接地网是否存在缺陷以及确定缺陷位置的信息。本文在分析接地系统频域特性的基础上，采用对典型变电站注入正弦电流源和方波电流源的方法，研究了接地网电场响应参量—地表电位的频率响应特性，提出了基于接地系统频域特性的扫频电位诊断接地网缺陷的方法，研制了接地网频域特征参数测试设备，同时进行了接地网缺陷诊断的水槽模拟实验和现场实验。
建立了接地系统频域模型。在分析接地导体和土壤频率特性的基础上，采用场路结合的方法建立了简单土壤结构的接地系统频域模型。随后利用最小二乘法结合禁忌算法反演了水平分层的多层土壤结构，建立了复杂土壤结构的接地系统频域模型，并采用MATLAB进行编程，与CDEGS和ANSYS软件的仿真结果进行了比对，验证了理论推导的正确性。同时，设计了水槽实验验证了接地系统频域模型的正确性。
分析了接地系统频域响应的磁场参量和电场参量的特点，由于地表电位同其它参量具有相互转化性，因此选择地表电位在30Hz~100kHz的范围内进行了不同激励源频率特性分析，提出了扫频电位诊断接地网缺陷的方法。随后，针对不同接地网的不同缺陷类型进行了扫频电位缺陷诊断的分析。同时，总结了该方法的诊断步骤、优点和改进诊断效果的有效手段。
在以上工作的基础上，利用接地网水槽装置对简单接地网进行了缺陷诊断实验。研制了工频交流和方波接地网频域参数测量设备，设计了诊断软件，以高压实验大厅原有接地网为主接地网，铺设了辅助接地网，通过开关的闭合来模拟不同的缺陷。实验数据的分析结果表明：基于接地系统频域特性的接地网缺陷诊断方法可以诊断接地网是否存在缺陷，并能准确判断缺陷位置，为接地网缺陷诊断提供了新思路。
The substation grounding grid is the most important approach for guaranteeing power system safety. The faults in substation grounding grid will bring great hidden trouble to the safe and stable operation of the power system, when serious it will cause huge economic losses to the society. Monitoring the state of grounding grid is essential for maintaining substation operation. Since the grounding grid is buried under earth, it is very difficult to diagnose grounding grid defects and determine defect position without excavation. Based on the analysis of frequency domain of grounding system, the frequency characteristics of surface potentials of the electric field response parameters are analyzed in detail in a typical substation after the sine pulse and square-ware sources are injected into the grounding grid. The defect diagnosis method of grounding grid based on the frequency domain characteristic of grounding system is put forward, and the equipment of frequency characteristic parameters about grounding grid is developed. The scale model experiments of small dimension and field experiments of complicated structure are also implemented.
The frequency domain model of grounding system has been established. Based on the analysis of frequency characteristics of the soil and grounding conductors, the frequency characteristics model of simple grounding grid is established. The complex frequency model is established adopting the least-square method combining taboo algorithm to inverse the soil structure. The models are verified by software simulation using CDEGS and ANSYS. In the meantime, water slide device has been designed to further verify the model.
The grounding system frequency response of the magnetic and electric field parameters is analyzed. Since the surface potential with other parameters has the relation of mutual transformation, the surface potential has been chosen to analyze the sine wave and square-wave source frequency characteristics (from30Hz to100kHz). The grounding grid diagnosis method is proposed to sweep frequency. The fundamental principles, diagnostic procedure and the improvement of diagnosis effect of sweep frequency diagnosis of the grounding grid defects are described.
On the basis of above works, the characteristic parameter testers of sine-wave and square-wave for grounding grid are designed and developed. Subsequently, the system software is designed. Firstly, detailed water slide device experiment schemes are designed in the laboratory and the testing of fault diagnosis on the simple grounding grid are performed. Subsequently, the test grounding grid is laid regarding the original grounding grid under the high voltage test hall as the mainly grounding grid, and the detailed measurement schemes of defect diagnosis are explained. Through closing and opening surface switches of laid grounding grid the unbroken and fault instances of grounding grid are simulated. From the analysis of various test data, it is concluded that the method based on the frequency domain characteristic of grounding system can diagnose and locate defect in the grounding grid. It provides a new method for the defect diagnosis of grounding grid.
建立了接地系统频域模型。在分析接地导体和土壤频率特性的基础上，采用场路结合的方法建立了简单土壤结构的接地系统频域模型。随后利用最小二乘法结合禁忌算法反演了水平分层的多层土壤结构，建立了复杂土壤结构的接地系统频域模型，并采用MATLAB进行编程，与CDEGS和ANSYS软件的仿真结果进行了比对，验证了理论推导的正确性。同时，设计了水槽实验验证了接地系统频域模型的正确性。
分析了接地系统频域响应的磁场参量和电场参量的特点，由于地表电位同其它参量具有相互转化性，因此选择地表电位在30Hz~100kHz的范围内进行了不同激励源频率特性分析，提出了扫频电位诊断接地网缺陷的方法。随后，针对不同接地网的不同缺陷类型进行了扫频电位缺陷诊断的分析。同时，总结了该方法的诊断步骤、优点和改进诊断效果的有效手段。
在以上工作的基础上，利用接地网水槽装置对简单接地网进行了缺陷诊断实验。研制了工频交流和方波接地网频域参数测量设备，设计了诊断软件，以高压实验大厅原有接地网为主接地网，铺设了辅助接地网，通过开关的闭合来模拟不同的缺陷。实验数据的分析结果表明：基于接地系统频域特性的接地网缺陷诊断方法可以诊断接地网是否存在缺陷，并能准确判断缺陷位置，为接地网缺陷诊断提供了新思路。
The substation grounding grid is the most important approach for guaranteeing power system safety. The faults in substation grounding grid will bring great hidden trouble to the safe and stable operation of the power system, when serious it will cause huge economic losses to the society. Monitoring the state of grounding grid is essential for maintaining substation operation. Since the grounding grid is buried under earth, it is very difficult to diagnose grounding grid defects and determine defect position without excavation. Based on the analysis of frequency domain of grounding system, the frequency characteristics of surface potentials of the electric field response parameters are analyzed in detail in a typical substation after the sine pulse and square-ware sources are injected into the grounding grid. The defect diagnosis method of grounding grid based on the frequency domain characteristic of grounding system is put forward, and the equipment of frequency characteristic parameters about grounding grid is developed. The scale model experiments of small dimension and field experiments of complicated structure are also implemented.
The frequency domain model of grounding system has been established. Based on the analysis of frequency characteristics of the soil and grounding conductors, the frequency characteristics model of simple grounding grid is established. The complex frequency model is established adopting the least-square method combining taboo algorithm to inverse the soil structure. The models are verified by software simulation using CDEGS and ANSYS. In the meantime, water slide device has been designed to further verify the model.
The grounding system frequency response of the magnetic and electric field parameters is analyzed. Since the surface potential with other parameters has the relation of mutual transformation, the surface potential has been chosen to analyze the sine wave and square-wave source frequency characteristics (from30Hz to100kHz). The grounding grid diagnosis method is proposed to sweep frequency. The fundamental principles, diagnostic procedure and the improvement of diagnosis effect of sweep frequency diagnosis of the grounding grid defects are described.
On the basis of above works, the characteristic parameter testers of sine-wave and square-wave for grounding grid are designed and developed. Subsequently, the system software is designed. Firstly, detailed water slide device experiment schemes are designed in the laboratory and the testing of fault diagnosis on the simple grounding grid are performed. Subsequently, the test grounding grid is laid regarding the original grounding grid under the high voltage test hall as the mainly grounding grid, and the detailed measurement schemes of defect diagnosis are explained. Through closing and opening surface switches of laid grounding grid the unbroken and fault instances of grounding grid are simulated. From the analysis of various test data, it is concluded that the method based on the frequency domain characteristic of grounding system can diagnose and locate defect in the grounding grid. It provides a new method for the defect diagnosis of grounding grid.
引文
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