数字机顶盒的以太网接入设计与实现
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摘要
有线电视数字化在全国各地大中城市正如火如荼的开展,作为数字电视终端设备的数字机顶盒也得到蓬勃发展,其已不只是一台用来接收数字电视节目的转接器,用户还可以通过机顶盒享受视频点播、上网浏览、电子邮件、游戏互动等等综合业务。基于此需求,作者在数字机顶盒上设计实现了以太网接入功能。
本文依据项目研发过程展开,依次从硬件设计、软件设计和系统集成几方面探讨。
在硬件设计部分,首先对数字机顶盒技术做出了简单介绍,着重介绍了作者研发中的基于STMicroelectronics公司STi5516芯片的数字机顶盒平台。然后介绍了目前国内市场上流行的嵌入式以太网接入的解决方案,并着重介绍了作者采用的基于DAVICOM公司DM9000A芯片的嵌入式以太网接入方案。最后从硬件电路连接、地址空间及控制时序的配置两方面来介绍具体的硬件集成。
在软件设计部分,作者从底层开始,首先探讨了所选用的以太网控制器驱动程序的设计,该部分的主要函数参考linux源代码中该控制器的驱动程序而完成。然后探讨了嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计实现,目标是在完成ARP、ICMP、IP、UDP、TCP基本协议的基础上设计成一个可根据需要扩展的协议栈。最后在完成硬件架构和底层软件的基础上,设计了基于以太网接口下载升级机顶盒应用程序的应用层软件。
在系统集成部分,作者介绍了在实际开发调试中所作的一些主要测试项目及测试方案,并对系统实现的功能、性能进行了分析,还对该系统中有待完善的地方做出了说明。
As the development of digital CATV(Community Antenna Television) in our country, the terminal equipment, set-top box is developed greatly . Set-top box is not only a switcher used to receive digital television programs, but also can be used to enjoy VOD(video-on-demand), surf online, Email, interactive games and so on. Therefore, set-top box with Ethernet access function is implemented.
This paper is described according to the process of project research and development, including hardware design, software design and system integration.
In the part of hardware design, it describes set-top box technology firstly, especially the set-top box platform based on STi5516 of STMicroelectronics Corporation. Secondly, it describes popular solutions of embedded Ethernet access in the industry, especially the solution based on DM9000A of DAVICOM Corporation. Lastly, it describes the hardware integration from circuit design and the configuration of address and bus timing.
In the part of software design, firstly, it describes the driver design of Ethernet controller. Most of functions in the driver are developed according to the sound code of linux. Secondly, it describes the realization of embedded TCP/IP stack. The aim is realization of an open stack based on the realization of such protocols as ARP、ICMP、IP、UDP、TCP. Lastly, on the base of realization of hardware platform and bottom software, it describes the development of application software, which realizes the upgrade of application data via Ethernet.
In the part of system integration, it describes the test items and test projects in the process of development and debug. And it analyses the function and performance of the system. Furthermore, it explains the aspects waiting to be perfect.
本文依据项目研发过程展开,依次从硬件设计、软件设计和系统集成几方面探讨。
在硬件设计部分,首先对数字机顶盒技术做出了简单介绍,着重介绍了作者研发中的基于STMicroelectronics公司STi5516芯片的数字机顶盒平台。然后介绍了目前国内市场上流行的嵌入式以太网接入的解决方案,并着重介绍了作者采用的基于DAVICOM公司DM9000A芯片的嵌入式以太网接入方案。最后从硬件电路连接、地址空间及控制时序的配置两方面来介绍具体的硬件集成。
在软件设计部分,作者从底层开始,首先探讨了所选用的以太网控制器驱动程序的设计,该部分的主要函数参考linux源代码中该控制器的驱动程序而完成。然后探讨了嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计实现,目标是在完成ARP、ICMP、IP、UDP、TCP基本协议的基础上设计成一个可根据需要扩展的协议栈。最后在完成硬件架构和底层软件的基础上,设计了基于以太网接口下载升级机顶盒应用程序的应用层软件。
在系统集成部分,作者介绍了在实际开发调试中所作的一些主要测试项目及测试方案,并对系统实现的功能、性能进行了分析,还对该系统中有待完善的地方做出了说明。
As the development of digital CATV(Community Antenna Television) in our country, the terminal equipment, set-top box is developed greatly . Set-top box is not only a switcher used to receive digital television programs, but also can be used to enjoy VOD(video-on-demand), surf online, Email, interactive games and so on. Therefore, set-top box with Ethernet access function is implemented.
This paper is described according to the process of project research and development, including hardware design, software design and system integration.
In the part of hardware design, it describes set-top box technology firstly, especially the set-top box platform based on STi5516 of STMicroelectronics Corporation. Secondly, it describes popular solutions of embedded Ethernet access in the industry, especially the solution based on DM9000A of DAVICOM Corporation. Lastly, it describes the hardware integration from circuit design and the configuration of address and bus timing.
In the part of software design, firstly, it describes the driver design of Ethernet controller. Most of functions in the driver are developed according to the sound code of linux. Secondly, it describes the realization of embedded TCP/IP stack. The aim is realization of an open stack based on the realization of such protocols as ARP、ICMP、IP、UDP、TCP. Lastly, on the base of realization of hardware platform and bottom software, it describes the development of application software, which realizes the upgrade of application data via Ethernet.
In the part of system integration, it describes the test items and test projects in the process of development and debug. And it analyses the function and performance of the system. Furthermore, it explains the aspects waiting to be perfect.
引文
[1] 蒋艳. IP 机顶盒的功能与发展. 世界电信, 2005, 11: 47~50
[2] 翼清玲. 数字机顶盒的应用与发展. 机械工程与自动化, 2005, 4: 125~126
[3] 欧敏铨. IP STB(机顶盒)的开发趋势. 电子产品世界, 2005, 4: 46~50
[4] 夏少波, 许娥. 数字电视机顶盒技术及发展趋势分析. 有线电视技术, 2005, 24: 33~36
[5] 李春荣, 王文彬. 有线电视数字机顶盒漫谈. 西安通信学院学报, 2005, 4(5): 40~42
[6] 王瑞胡. 有线数字电视机顶盒硬件系统及软件体系结构. 中国有线电视, 2006, 2: 121~124
[7] 邵海燕, 黄永军. 浅谈有线电视数字机顶盒的基本原理. 有线电视技术, 2005, 4: 60~72
[8] DCF872X, digital cable front-end: specification, THOMSON multimedia, August, 2002.1~3
[9] Datasheet for Digital Cable NIM(Tuner + QAM Demod), SAMSUNG ELECTRO- MECHANICS CO.LTD, February, 2001.1~2
[10] 柴勇. QAM 信号解调方案原理与实现. 电视技术, 2004, 1: 59~62
[11] 易效农, 杨德鹏, 王宏远. 一种单片数字卫星接收机高频头方案的原理及应用, 2005, 2: 33~35
[12] 徐滔, 王保保, 王文军. 基于 DVB-C 的数字机顶盒的设计与实现. 电子科技, 2005, 1: 53~55
[13] STi5516B, Low-cost set-top box decoder: datasheet, STmicroelectronics, June, 2003
[14] ST20 Embedded Toolset: datasheet, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[15] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9: User Manual, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[16] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9: Reference Manual, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[17] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9 Product Release Delivery Manual(Toolset versionR1.9.6), STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[18] OS20 Real Time Operating System R1.8.1, STmicroelectronics, Januay, 2001
[19] ST20 Embedded Software Toolset Training R1.8.1, STmicroelectronics, January, 2001
[20] 5517ref 1.0.0: software release notes, STmicroelectronics, September, 2003
[21] STAPI, make system: user manual, STmicroelectronics, May, 2003
[22] 刘文. 基于 TCP/IP 协议的嵌入式 Internet 技术的应用与研究: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安交通大学图书馆, 2004
[23] 欧全梅. 嵌入式以太网的设计与实现. 网络通信与安全, 2005, 15: 35~37.
[24] 樊勇. 基于 TCP/IP 协议的嵌入式网络接入技术的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文]. 包头: 包头钢铁学院图书馆, 2003
[25] 王军, 林其伟. 基于以太网的嵌入式 Internet 接入方案. 电信快报, 2004, 5: 29~37
[26] 张丙才, 徐重阳, 李慧德等. 基于以太网接入的综合业务机顶盒的实现. 电视技术, 2003, 1: 40~43
[27] DM9000A, Ethernet Controller with General Processor Interface: datasheet, DAVICOM Semiconductor, Inc. August, 2004
[28] DM9000A, Ethernet Controller with General Processor Interface: Application Notes V1.20, DAVICOM Semiconductor, Inc. April, 2005
[29] 何轩, 夏应清, 李祥. 一种嵌入式系统以太网接口的设计与实现. 微型机与应用, 2005, 9: 30~33
[30] 于晓, 张秋鄂, 隋永新等. 一种嵌入式系统的以太网接口实现方案. 电子器件, 2005, 28(3): 615~617
[31] 康静秋, 李明, 贾智平. 嵌入式互联网络接口的设计与开发. 计算机工程, 2003, 29(1): 228~264
[32] 唐仕斌, 曾文海, 戴瑜兴等. 嵌入式 Internet 以太网接口设计及实现. 低压电器, 2003, 2: 41~44
[33] 刘桂斌, 胡飞, 张继涛. 数字电视 DVB-C 机顶盒软件体系. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 10: 110~112
[34] 木昌洪. 机顶盒的以太接口设计和实现. 中国有线电视, 2005, 2: 118~122
[35] 木昌洪, 曾祥斌, 刘卫忠等. pSOS 操作系统中的 pNA+模块在机顶盒中的应用. 电子设计应用, 2004, 1: 71~73
[36] 史蒂文斯, 范建华等. TCP/IP 协议详解(卷一): 协议. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2000
[37] 罗军周, 黎波涛, 杨明等. TCP/IP 协议及网络编程技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004
[38] 任泰明. TCP/IP 协议与网络编程. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2004
[39] Willian Webh, Lajos Hauzo. Modern Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. London: Pentech Press, 1994
[40] 谭浩强. C 程序设计. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1991
[41] J. G. Proakis, D. G. Manolakis. Digital Singnal Processing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996
[42] 严蔚敏, 吴伟民. 数据结构(C 语言版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1996
[43] 屠立德, 屠祁. 操作系统基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1995
[44] 郑宗汉. 实时系统软件基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003
[2] 翼清玲. 数字机顶盒的应用与发展. 机械工程与自动化, 2005, 4: 125~126
[3] 欧敏铨. IP STB(机顶盒)的开发趋势. 电子产品世界, 2005, 4: 46~50
[4] 夏少波, 许娥. 数字电视机顶盒技术及发展趋势分析. 有线电视技术, 2005, 24: 33~36
[5] 李春荣, 王文彬. 有线电视数字机顶盒漫谈. 西安通信学院学报, 2005, 4(5): 40~42
[6] 王瑞胡. 有线数字电视机顶盒硬件系统及软件体系结构. 中国有线电视, 2006, 2: 121~124
[7] 邵海燕, 黄永军. 浅谈有线电视数字机顶盒的基本原理. 有线电视技术, 2005, 4: 60~72
[8] DCF872X, digital cable front-end: specification, THOMSON multimedia, August, 2002.1~3
[9] Datasheet for Digital Cable NIM(Tuner + QAM Demod), SAMSUNG ELECTRO- MECHANICS CO.LTD, February, 2001.1~2
[10] 柴勇. QAM 信号解调方案原理与实现. 电视技术, 2004, 1: 59~62
[11] 易效农, 杨德鹏, 王宏远. 一种单片数字卫星接收机高频头方案的原理及应用, 2005, 2: 33~35
[12] 徐滔, 王保保, 王文军. 基于 DVB-C 的数字机顶盒的设计与实现. 电子科技, 2005, 1: 53~55
[13] STi5516B, Low-cost set-top box decoder: datasheet, STmicroelectronics, June, 2003
[14] ST20 Embedded Toolset: datasheet, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[15] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9: User Manual, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[16] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9: Reference Manual, STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[17] ST20 Embedded Toolset R1.9 Product Release Delivery Manual(Toolset versionR1.9.6), STmicroelectronics, November, 2001
[18] OS20 Real Time Operating System R1.8.1, STmicroelectronics, Januay, 2001
[19] ST20 Embedded Software Toolset Training R1.8.1, STmicroelectronics, January, 2001
[20] 5517ref 1.0.0: software release notes, STmicroelectronics, September, 2003
[21] STAPI, make system: user manual, STmicroelectronics, May, 2003
[22] 刘文. 基于 TCP/IP 协议的嵌入式 Internet 技术的应用与研究: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安交通大学图书馆, 2004
[23] 欧全梅. 嵌入式以太网的设计与实现. 网络通信与安全, 2005, 15: 35~37.
[24] 樊勇. 基于 TCP/IP 协议的嵌入式网络接入技术的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文]. 包头: 包头钢铁学院图书馆, 2003
[25] 王军, 林其伟. 基于以太网的嵌入式 Internet 接入方案. 电信快报, 2004, 5: 29~37
[26] 张丙才, 徐重阳, 李慧德等. 基于以太网接入的综合业务机顶盒的实现. 电视技术, 2003, 1: 40~43
[27] DM9000A, Ethernet Controller with General Processor Interface: datasheet, DAVICOM Semiconductor, Inc. August, 2004
[28] DM9000A, Ethernet Controller with General Processor Interface: Application Notes V1.20, DAVICOM Semiconductor, Inc. April, 2005
[29] 何轩, 夏应清, 李祥. 一种嵌入式系统以太网接口的设计与实现. 微型机与应用, 2005, 9: 30~33
[30] 于晓, 张秋鄂, 隋永新等. 一种嵌入式系统的以太网接口实现方案. 电子器件, 2005, 28(3): 615~617
[31] 康静秋, 李明, 贾智平. 嵌入式互联网络接口的设计与开发. 计算机工程, 2003, 29(1): 228~264
[32] 唐仕斌, 曾文海, 戴瑜兴等. 嵌入式 Internet 以太网接口设计及实现. 低压电器, 2003, 2: 41~44
[33] 刘桂斌, 胡飞, 张继涛. 数字电视 DVB-C 机顶盒软件体系. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 10: 110~112
[34] 木昌洪. 机顶盒的以太接口设计和实现. 中国有线电视, 2005, 2: 118~122
[35] 木昌洪, 曾祥斌, 刘卫忠等. pSOS 操作系统中的 pNA+模块在机顶盒中的应用. 电子设计应用, 2004, 1: 71~73
[36] 史蒂文斯, 范建华等. TCP/IP 协议详解(卷一): 协议. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2000
[37] 罗军周, 黎波涛, 杨明等. TCP/IP 协议及网络编程技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004
[38] 任泰明. TCP/IP 协议与网络编程. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2004
[39] Willian Webh, Lajos Hauzo. Modern Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. London: Pentech Press, 1994
[40] 谭浩强. C 程序设计. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1991
[41] J. G. Proakis, D. G. Manolakis. Digital Singnal Processing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996
[42] 严蔚敏, 吴伟民. 数据结构(C 语言版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1996
[43] 屠立德, 屠祁. 操作系统基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1995
[44] 郑宗汉. 实时系统软件基础. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003