电动驻车制动器坡道起步控制
摘要
本文的目的是设计并制作电动驻车制动器,主要实现辅助坡道起步、防溜车、自动驻车等功能。
论文首先通过查找国外相关同类产品的设计资料,系统的分析了国外产品的类型、发展过程和特点,并分析了国内的研究现状,然后确定了课题的研究目标和方向。
在了解国外产品的设计原理后,详细的分析了车辆在坡道上的受力状态,又分析了发动机节气门、离合器等机构对车辆起步控制的影响,明确了课题面对的困难和挑战。提出了不同于同类产品的新颖的控制方法来实现辅助坡道起步功能,并阐述了控制方法的独特优势。
根据机械设计与制造理论、智能控制理论等,设计并制作了电动驻车制动器的机械执行机构。该机构结构简单、性能稳定,可以基本满足轿车等小型车辆的制动需求。随后搭建了简单的电动驻车制动器实验台,以实现进行室内实验测量的目的,方便改进与移植。
本课题采用应变电测原理设计和制作了传感器,并运用仿真分析软件确定了应变片的粘贴位置。通过此传感器采集了制动支撑架所受的扭矩,实现了用一个传感器采集信号取代多传感器共同采集信号,大大减小了制作成本并增加了可靠性。接着对主控制单片机进行了选型,然后设计了供电、抗干扰、放大、通信电路。对于硬件的设计充分的考虑了器件性能和成本,特别的考虑到了为进一步扩展研究做前期准备。在程序设计上,处理了传感器的信号,运用了简单的控制算法,对信号进行综合处理,完成了对制动电机的控制。通过实验检测,证实程序正确,硬件工作正常,基本上实现了预期的控制目标。
在论文的最后,总结了本设计中存在的不足和缺陷,并给出了进一步深入研究的思路。
The purpose of this thesis is to design electric park brake to help driver to start on hills、prevent backward motion and park automatically.
At first, in the paper, the author introduces the characteristic and the development of foreign products and analyzes the domestic status. Next, the author ascertains the direction and the goal for studying the electric park brake.
This paper describes the working status of the vehicle on hill after being familiar with the principle of the foreign products. At the same time, there is also a systematic analysis among clutch、throttle and other parts. So the challenge and difficulty have been realized clearly. At last, a new control method that differs form other products with lots of advantages has been presented to help driver to start on hill.
This paper makes use of the theory of mechanical design and manufacture to design and produce electric park brake actuator. This actuator can match the requirement of most mini vehicles in accordance with simple structure and high reliability level. In order to improve、transplant and measure in the room, a simple test bench of electric park brake is developed.
This paper tries to utilize the strain measuring technology to develop a sensor. This method can measure the torque of caliper stilt through one sensor instead of applying several sensors. After selecting a suitable microchip, the circuit is designed soon. When choosing the hardware the ability and cost, especially the preparation for future study are considered. The program uses a simple algorithm to acquire the signal of sensor and accomplish controlling brake motor. The result shows that program was correct and could realize the expected target.
At the end of the thesis the idea for further research on this topic is provided.
论文首先通过查找国外相关同类产品的设计资料,系统的分析了国外产品的类型、发展过程和特点,并分析了国内的研究现状,然后确定了课题的研究目标和方向。
在了解国外产品的设计原理后,详细的分析了车辆在坡道上的受力状态,又分析了发动机节气门、离合器等机构对车辆起步控制的影响,明确了课题面对的困难和挑战。提出了不同于同类产品的新颖的控制方法来实现辅助坡道起步功能,并阐述了控制方法的独特优势。
根据机械设计与制造理论、智能控制理论等,设计并制作了电动驻车制动器的机械执行机构。该机构结构简单、性能稳定,可以基本满足轿车等小型车辆的制动需求。随后搭建了简单的电动驻车制动器实验台,以实现进行室内实验测量的目的,方便改进与移植。
本课题采用应变电测原理设计和制作了传感器,并运用仿真分析软件确定了应变片的粘贴位置。通过此传感器采集了制动支撑架所受的扭矩,实现了用一个传感器采集信号取代多传感器共同采集信号,大大减小了制作成本并增加了可靠性。接着对主控制单片机进行了选型,然后设计了供电、抗干扰、放大、通信电路。对于硬件的设计充分的考虑了器件性能和成本,特别的考虑到了为进一步扩展研究做前期准备。在程序设计上,处理了传感器的信号,运用了简单的控制算法,对信号进行综合处理,完成了对制动电机的控制。通过实验检测,证实程序正确,硬件工作正常,基本上实现了预期的控制目标。
在论文的最后,总结了本设计中存在的不足和缺陷,并给出了进一步深入研究的思路。
The purpose of this thesis is to design electric park brake to help driver to start on hills、prevent backward motion and park automatically.
At first, in the paper, the author introduces the characteristic and the development of foreign products and analyzes the domestic status. Next, the author ascertains the direction and the goal for studying the electric park brake.
This paper describes the working status of the vehicle on hill after being familiar with the principle of the foreign products. At the same time, there is also a systematic analysis among clutch、throttle and other parts. So the challenge and difficulty have been realized clearly. At last, a new control method that differs form other products with lots of advantages has been presented to help driver to start on hill.
This paper makes use of the theory of mechanical design and manufacture to design and produce electric park brake actuator. This actuator can match the requirement of most mini vehicles in accordance with simple structure and high reliability level. In order to improve、transplant and measure in the room, a simple test bench of electric park brake is developed.
This paper tries to utilize the strain measuring technology to develop a sensor. This method can measure the torque of caliper stilt through one sensor instead of applying several sensors. After selecting a suitable microchip, the circuit is designed soon. When choosing the hardware the ability and cost, especially the preparation for future study are considered. The program uses a simple algorithm to acquire the signal of sensor and accomplish controlling brake motor. The result shows that program was correct and could realize the expected target.
At the end of the thesis the idea for further research on this topic is provided.
引文
[1]彭忆强,黎长青.汽车电子驻车制动控制系统的仿真研究[J].西华大学学报,2007:26-4
[2]钟师.TRW电子驻车制动(EPB)先进技术[J].新技术与应用,2006:23
[3]林逸,沈沉,王军,任忠生.汽车线控制动技术及发展[J].汽车技术,2005:12
[4]David B.Drennen,Patrick A.Mescher.ELECTRIC PARK BRAKE ACTUATOR (ELECTRIC CALIPER)[P].United States Patent.US 6,401,879 B1.Jun.11,2002
[5]Ralf Leiter.Design and Control of an Electric Park Brake[J].SAE.2002-01-2583
[6]株式会社万都.电动驻车制动器[P].发明专利.CN 1978259A.2006.9.29
[7]株式会社万都.电动驻车制动系统[P].发明专利.CN 1883989A.2006.6.15
[8]余晓鹏.电动驻车制动装置[P].发明专利.CN 101032960A.2007.1.22
[9]David B.Drennen,Patrick A.Mescher.SOLENOID BASED PARK BRAKE METHOD[P].United States Patent.US 6,435,320 B1.Auk.20,2002
[10]Christopher M.Bezzina,Tolland,CT(US).ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE CONTROL[P].United States Patent.US 6,752,472 B2.Jun.22,2004
[11]杨铭域.客车安全自动驻车制动系统[P].实用新型专利.CN 200945861Y.2006.8.9
[12]西门子公司.电子停车制动器利用于控制电子停车制动器的方法[P].发明专利.CN1980826A.2005.4.25
[13]Priya Rangaswamy,Eric Anthony Truillo.INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC SHIFT AND PARKING BRAKE SYSTEM,INCLUDING SECURITY INTERLOCK,FOR MOTOR VEHICLES[P].United States Patent.US 6,293,363 B1.Sep.25,2001
[14]Daniel Laurent,La Suisse(CH).ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE DEVICE[P].United States Patent.US 2003/0226727 A1.Dec.11,2003
[15]大陆-特韦斯贸易合伙股份公司及两合公司.用于具有电动驻车制动装置的车辆的制动设备和用于控制该制动设备的方法[P].发明专利.CN1989034A.2005.7.21
[16]丰田自动车株式会社.驻车制动爪啮合控制[P]。发明专.CN 101014478A.2005.8.30
[17]郭立书,张正兵.车辆驻车制动系统[P].实用新型专利.CN 200942768Y.2006.8.2
[18]崔海峰,刘昭度,王国业,王仁广.基于扭矩传感器的汽车坡道起步辅助系统[J]。仪器仪表学报,2006:10-30
[19]Simon Perkins.Electronic Parking Brake:Simple Lever to Safety Critical System[J].SAE paper,2004-01-1732
[20]孔增华.汽车斜坡起步辅助系统的研究[J],机电工程技术,2007:06-11
[21]N.Cesario,F.Taglialatela,M.Lavorgna.MEMS Accelerometer as Inclinometer for Electric Parking Brake Systems[J].SAE paper.2007-24-0136
[22]莫明立.雷克萨斯LS460轿车电子机械驻车制动器及检修[J]。汽车维护与修理,2008:10
[23]崔海峰,刘昭度,等.基于扭矩传感器的汽车坡道起步辅助系统[J],2006(10):1191-1193。
[24]张雄华,周雅夫,宋振寰.电机驱动式自动离合器控制与试验[J].实验测量,2005:01
[25]孙冬野,顾永明,秦大同,庄建兵,余荣辉.非线性控制方法在AMT起步控制中的应用[J].重庆大学学报,2007:30-10
[26]何忠波,李国章,张培林,饶劲松,席军强.起步过程中离合器半接合点的试验研究[J].军械工程学院学报,2002:06-02
[27]AD620 Datasheet.
[28]C8051F040 Datasheet.
[2]钟师.TRW电子驻车制动(EPB)先进技术[J].新技术与应用,2006:23
[3]林逸,沈沉,王军,任忠生.汽车线控制动技术及发展[J].汽车技术,2005:12
[4]David B.Drennen,Patrick A.Mescher.ELECTRIC PARK BRAKE ACTUATOR (ELECTRIC CALIPER)[P].United States Patent.US 6,401,879 B1.Jun.11,2002
[5]Ralf Leiter.Design and Control of an Electric Park Brake[J].SAE.2002-01-2583
[6]株式会社万都.电动驻车制动器[P].发明专利.CN 1978259A.2006.9.29
[7]株式会社万都.电动驻车制动系统[P].发明专利.CN 1883989A.2006.6.15
[8]余晓鹏.电动驻车制动装置[P].发明专利.CN 101032960A.2007.1.22
[9]David B.Drennen,Patrick A.Mescher.SOLENOID BASED PARK BRAKE METHOD[P].United States Patent.US 6,435,320 B1.Auk.20,2002
[10]Christopher M.Bezzina,Tolland,CT(US).ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE CONTROL[P].United States Patent.US 6,752,472 B2.Jun.22,2004
[11]杨铭域.客车安全自动驻车制动系统[P].实用新型专利.CN 200945861Y.2006.8.9
[12]西门子公司.电子停车制动器利用于控制电子停车制动器的方法[P].发明专利.CN1980826A.2005.4.25
[13]Priya Rangaswamy,Eric Anthony Truillo.INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC SHIFT AND PARKING BRAKE SYSTEM,INCLUDING SECURITY INTERLOCK,FOR MOTOR VEHICLES[P].United States Patent.US 6,293,363 B1.Sep.25,2001
[14]Daniel Laurent,La Suisse(CH).ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE DEVICE[P].United States Patent.US 2003/0226727 A1.Dec.11,2003
[15]大陆-特韦斯贸易合伙股份公司及两合公司.用于具有电动驻车制动装置的车辆的制动设备和用于控制该制动设备的方法[P].发明专利.CN1989034A.2005.7.21
[16]丰田自动车株式会社.驻车制动爪啮合控制[P]。发明专.CN 101014478A.2005.8.30
[17]郭立书,张正兵.车辆驻车制动系统[P].实用新型专利.CN 200942768Y.2006.8.2
[18]崔海峰,刘昭度,王国业,王仁广.基于扭矩传感器的汽车坡道起步辅助系统[J]。仪器仪表学报,2006:10-30
[19]Simon Perkins.Electronic Parking Brake:Simple Lever to Safety Critical System[J].SAE paper,2004-01-1732
[20]孔增华.汽车斜坡起步辅助系统的研究[J],机电工程技术,2007:06-11
[21]N.Cesario,F.Taglialatela,M.Lavorgna.MEMS Accelerometer as Inclinometer for Electric Parking Brake Systems[J].SAE paper.2007-24-0136
[22]莫明立.雷克萨斯LS460轿车电子机械驻车制动器及检修[J]。汽车维护与修理,2008:10
[23]崔海峰,刘昭度,等.基于扭矩传感器的汽车坡道起步辅助系统[J],2006(10):1191-1193。
[24]张雄华,周雅夫,宋振寰.电机驱动式自动离合器控制与试验[J].实验测量,2005:01
[25]孙冬野,顾永明,秦大同,庄建兵,余荣辉.非线性控制方法在AMT起步控制中的应用[J].重庆大学学报,2007:30-10
[26]何忠波,李国章,张培林,饶劲松,席军强.起步过程中离合器半接合点的试验研究[J].军械工程学院学报,2002:06-02
[27]AD620 Datasheet.
[28]C8051F040 Datasheet.