我国抽水蓄能电站发展对策研究
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摘要
自从改革开放以来,随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,电力供应日趋紧张,峰谷差逐渐加剧。基于保证电网安全和有效运行的要求,抽水蓄能电站作为一种拥有特殊性质的电站:调峰填谷,调频、调压、事故备用、黑启动等功能,将是我国电网发展的战略重点。但是,我国抽水蓄能电站建设起步较晚,在电网中比重偏低,经济效益并不乐观。因此,充分研究抽水蓄能电站在我国发展中遇到的经济效益问题具有重要的现实意义和指导意义。
本文以抽水蓄能电站为研究对象,从介绍抽水蓄能电站的静态效益和动态效益入手,提出我国目前抽水蓄能电站经济效益低的问题,结合国外抽水蓄能电站发展的状况,建立了电价与抽水蓄能电站效益的模型,分析了电价制定对我国抽水蓄能电站效益的影响。此外,通过结合我国广东省惠州抽水蓄能电站的实际情况,尝试性的通过有无抽水蓄能电站的电网系统总费用来定量的测算抽水蓄能电站的静态效益和动态效益。
为了抽水蓄能电站能够适应我国电力市场化的逐步改革,这个漫长的过程中,国家政府有着重要的指导角色。本文从电价政策、投资融资政策、经营管理模式以及国家的整体规划宏观政策四个方面探讨了相应的政策提出建议,以确保抽水蓄能电站的健康发展。
Since the reform policy, the economic construction and people’s life level have been improved a lot. The power supply has more and more tensions and the gap between peak and valley is increasing. To insure the quality, safety and efficiency of electric network, the Pumped-storage power station (PSPS) will play an very important role on our strategic development due to its special functions: reducing peak and filling valley, frequency modulation, phase modulation, etc, accident standby, black start, etc.. In China, the development of Pumped-storage power station isn’t as well as in occident. The percentage of PSPS is lower and the benefit is pessimistic. Therefore, the research on problems of PSPS’s development has a practical significance.
This paper based on the subject of pumped-storage power station, identifies PSPS’S internality benefit and externality benefit and points out the mainly problem: low economic returns. Then the paper combined the developing experience of PSPS in occident, analyses the impact of electric price to Pumped-storage power station.
To adapt the reform in power system for PSPS, the Chinese government should take the responsibility of controlling and planning in this long process. So from the five aspects: electric price policy, investment and financing policy, model of management, overall planning and macro-policy, the paper gives recommendations to ensure the health of PSPS’s development in China.
本文以抽水蓄能电站为研究对象,从介绍抽水蓄能电站的静态效益和动态效益入手,提出我国目前抽水蓄能电站经济效益低的问题,结合国外抽水蓄能电站发展的状况,建立了电价与抽水蓄能电站效益的模型,分析了电价制定对我国抽水蓄能电站效益的影响。此外,通过结合我国广东省惠州抽水蓄能电站的实际情况,尝试性的通过有无抽水蓄能电站的电网系统总费用来定量的测算抽水蓄能电站的静态效益和动态效益。
为了抽水蓄能电站能够适应我国电力市场化的逐步改革,这个漫长的过程中,国家政府有着重要的指导角色。本文从电价政策、投资融资政策、经营管理模式以及国家的整体规划宏观政策四个方面探讨了相应的政策提出建议,以确保抽水蓄能电站的健康发展。
Since the reform policy, the economic construction and people’s life level have been improved a lot. The power supply has more and more tensions and the gap between peak and valley is increasing. To insure the quality, safety and efficiency of electric network, the Pumped-storage power station (PSPS) will play an very important role on our strategic development due to its special functions: reducing peak and filling valley, frequency modulation, phase modulation, etc, accident standby, black start, etc.. In China, the development of Pumped-storage power station isn’t as well as in occident. The percentage of PSPS is lower and the benefit is pessimistic. Therefore, the research on problems of PSPS’s development has a practical significance.
This paper based on the subject of pumped-storage power station, identifies PSPS’S internality benefit and externality benefit and points out the mainly problem: low economic returns. Then the paper combined the developing experience of PSPS in occident, analyses the impact of electric price to Pumped-storage power station.
To adapt the reform in power system for PSPS, the Chinese government should take the responsibility of controlling and planning in this long process. So from the five aspects: electric price policy, investment and financing policy, model of management, overall planning and macro-policy, the paper gives recommendations to ensure the health of PSPS’s development in China.
引文
[1] D.Wilson, M.Himdley. World focus on pumped storage: Europe International Water Power & Dam Construction. 1995, (1): 33~35
[2] H.Tanaka. The Role of Pumped-storage in the 21st Century. Hydro-power and Dams. 2000, (8): 17~18
[3] Bent Sorensen. Pumped hydro storage: Conversion, Transmission and Storage. Renewable Energy. 2007, (3): 20~22
[4] Dimitris Al.Katsaprakakis, Dimitris G.Christakis, Arthouros Zervos, Dimitris Papantonis, Spiros Voutsinas. Pumped storage systems introduction in isolated power production systems. Renewable Energy. 2008, (3): 23~25
[5]中国水力发电工程学会,天津市水力发电工程学会,天津勘测设计院.国际抽水蓄能会议文集.内部资料. 1991: 89~120
[6]水力发电学会抽水蓄能专委会,北京水力发电学会.学术交流会议论文集——抽水蓄能电站建设.内部资料. 1996: 143~160
[7]梅祖彦,赵士和.抽水蓄能电站百问.中国电力出版社. 2002: 58~100
[8]美国土木工程学会.水电工程规划设计导则.美国土木工程学会. 1989: 74~89
[9] Anthony Horsley, Andrew J.Wrobel. Efficiency rents of pumped-storage plants and their uses for operation and investment decisions. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2002, (11): 12~15
[10] Alstom. China: Pumped-storage projects for Alstom. Pump Industry Analyst. 2004, (1): 7~8
[11]李红伟.十三陵抽水蓄能电站调峰服务效益分析.水力发电. 2002, (9): 21~24
[12]何永秀,魏佳佳,王巍.中国电力产业发展战略和创新体系研究. 2007, (4): 32~38
[13]曹楚生.水电蓄能运行在促进和发展循环经济中的作用.中国水利. 2007, (6): 25~29
[14]刘连玉.两部制电价的突破口:优先对抽水蓄能电站试行两部制电价.水力发电. 2001, (1): 32~34
[15]任震.市场环境下抽水蓄能电站问题的几点思考.水电自动化与大坝监测. 2003, (3): 29~31
[16]彭天波,刘晓亭.我国抽水蓄能电站建设经营现状.中国电力. 2004, (12): 18~22
[17]国家电力监管委员会.中国电力市场名词解释.中国电力出版社. 2005: 156~200
[18] Masanori Amano. Economic evaluation of Pumped Storage Hydropower at Tokyo Electric Power Company. Proceeding of International Symposium on Pumped Storage Devlopment. 1994: 201~220
[19] Rajat Deb. Operating Hydroelectric Plants and Pumped Storage Units in a Competitive Environment. The Electricity Journal. 2000, (4): 17~19
[20] Dr. D. Lumb and Dr. N. T. Hawkins. Provision of power reserve from pumped storage hydro plant. IEE Colloquium on Economic Provision of A Frequency Responsive Power Reserve Service. 1998: 31
[21] Rod Boucher, Paul Rodzianko. Advanced pumped storage: The new competitive edge. The Electricity Journal. 1994, (7): 7~8
[22] Jonata H.Green. Pumped Storage and Other Energy Storage technologies, A Technical and Economic Comparison, Proceeding of International Symposium on Pumped Storage Devlopment. The Electricity Journal.1994: 1~4
[23] Ning Lu, Joe H.Chow, Alan A.Desrochers, Pumped-storage Hydro-Turbine Bidding Strategies in a Competitive Electricity Market. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2004, (5): 12~13
[24]曾鸣,孙昕,张启平.电力市场交易与电价理论及其应用.中国电力出版社. 2003: 108~295
[25]王俊豪.英国政府管制体制改革研究.上海三联书店. 1998: 39~219
[26] Prof. R.N. Allan, J.Roman. Reliability assessment of hydrothermal generation systems containing pumped storage plant. IEE PROCEEDINGS. 1991: 78~133
[27] IMF. World Economic Outlook Database. 2002, (9): 50~72
[28]徐永禧.美国电力市场发展现状.国际电力. 2004, (8): 25~26
[29]邱彬如.世界抽水蓄能电站新发展.中国电力出版社. 2006, (1): 78~319
[30] Allen E,LIICM. Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity Market. Springer. 1999: 17~19
[31] Tsung-Ying Lee, Nanming Chen, Member IEEE. The Effect of Pumped Storage and Battery Energy Storage Systems on Hydrothermal Generation Coordination. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 1992: 42~48
[32]潘家铮,何景.中国抽水蓄能电站建设.中国电力出版社. 2000, (3): 16~255
[33]陶喜群.中国水力发电年鉴第八卷(中国抽水蓄能机组国产化的进程).中国电力出版社. 2004, (11):302~576
[34]魏昭峰.加强骨干网架建设以缓解电力供需紧张局面.电网技术. 2003, (7): 26~27
[35]崔继纯.推动抽水蓄能事业走上科学健康持续发展之路.电力设备. 2006, (7): 13~14
[36]周建为.抽水蓄能电站的效益分析.广东水利水电. 2007, (6): 7~8
[37]王伟.抽水蓄能:辅助服务价值几何.国家电网报. 2007, (5): 5~6
[38]陈志刚.惠州抽水蓄能电站建设的必要性分析.电网技术. 2001, (7): 11
[39]李景宗,杨振立,王海政.基于电源优化扩展规划的抽水蓄能电站经济评价方法研究.水电能源科学. 2002, (6): 19~20
[40]广东省广电集团公司,广东省电力设计研究院.广东省电力工业十一五发展规划和2020年远景目标前期研究系列报告.广东省广电集团公司,广东省电力设计研究院. 2003: 17~20
[41] Turvey. R. Regulation and electricity prices. Power Engineering Journal. 1997, (11): 9~10
[42] Arif S. Malik, Brian J.Cory. Assessment of Pumped Storage Plant Benefits in Fuel Budgeting and Operational Planning. IEE International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operational and Management. 1991:16~19
[43]郑厚清,郑爱民.建立合理的抽水蓄能电价.中国电力企业管理. 2007, (3): 20
[44] Konstantin Staschus. Usable Hydro Capacity and Electric Utility Production Simulation and Reliability Calculation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 1990: 17
[45] Rong Zhang. Study on Dynamic Benefits and External Economy of Pumped-storage. International Conference on Power System Technology. 2006: 21~23
[46]朱美芳,姚瑜.现有抽水蓄能电站电价机制及经营模式的探究.电力设备. 2007, (5): 18~20
[47] Louis N. Hannett, Baldwin P. Lam. Modeling of a Pumped Storage Hydro Plant for Power System Stability studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2000: 34~42
[48]汤萌.中国电力市场化改革及其区域问题研究.中国经济出版社. 2004: 127~153
[49] R.R.Booth. Power System Simulation Model Based on Probability Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1992: 43~58
[50]李例.抽水蓄能电站工程建设文集.中国电力出版社. 2006, (1): 108~233
[51]张乐福.抽水蓄能主要发电设备的市场状况.电力设备. 2006, (7): 32~35
[2] H.Tanaka. The Role of Pumped-storage in the 21st Century. Hydro-power and Dams. 2000, (8): 17~18
[3] Bent Sorensen. Pumped hydro storage: Conversion, Transmission and Storage. Renewable Energy. 2007, (3): 20~22
[4] Dimitris Al.Katsaprakakis, Dimitris G.Christakis, Arthouros Zervos, Dimitris Papantonis, Spiros Voutsinas. Pumped storage systems introduction in isolated power production systems. Renewable Energy. 2008, (3): 23~25
[5]中国水力发电工程学会,天津市水力发电工程学会,天津勘测设计院.国际抽水蓄能会议文集.内部资料. 1991: 89~120
[6]水力发电学会抽水蓄能专委会,北京水力发电学会.学术交流会议论文集——抽水蓄能电站建设.内部资料. 1996: 143~160
[7]梅祖彦,赵士和.抽水蓄能电站百问.中国电力出版社. 2002: 58~100
[8]美国土木工程学会.水电工程规划设计导则.美国土木工程学会. 1989: 74~89
[9] Anthony Horsley, Andrew J.Wrobel. Efficiency rents of pumped-storage plants and their uses for operation and investment decisions. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2002, (11): 12~15
[10] Alstom. China: Pumped-storage projects for Alstom. Pump Industry Analyst. 2004, (1): 7~8
[11]李红伟.十三陵抽水蓄能电站调峰服务效益分析.水力发电. 2002, (9): 21~24
[12]何永秀,魏佳佳,王巍.中国电力产业发展战略和创新体系研究. 2007, (4): 32~38
[13]曹楚生.水电蓄能运行在促进和发展循环经济中的作用.中国水利. 2007, (6): 25~29
[14]刘连玉.两部制电价的突破口:优先对抽水蓄能电站试行两部制电价.水力发电. 2001, (1): 32~34
[15]任震.市场环境下抽水蓄能电站问题的几点思考.水电自动化与大坝监测. 2003, (3): 29~31
[16]彭天波,刘晓亭.我国抽水蓄能电站建设经营现状.中国电力. 2004, (12): 18~22
[17]国家电力监管委员会.中国电力市场名词解释.中国电力出版社. 2005: 156~200
[18] Masanori Amano. Economic evaluation of Pumped Storage Hydropower at Tokyo Electric Power Company. Proceeding of International Symposium on Pumped Storage Devlopment. 1994: 201~220
[19] Rajat Deb. Operating Hydroelectric Plants and Pumped Storage Units in a Competitive Environment. The Electricity Journal. 2000, (4): 17~19
[20] Dr. D. Lumb and Dr. N. T. Hawkins. Provision of power reserve from pumped storage hydro plant. IEE Colloquium on Economic Provision of A Frequency Responsive Power Reserve Service. 1998: 31
[21] Rod Boucher, Paul Rodzianko. Advanced pumped storage: The new competitive edge. The Electricity Journal. 1994, (7): 7~8
[22] Jonata H.Green. Pumped Storage and Other Energy Storage technologies, A Technical and Economic Comparison, Proceeding of International Symposium on Pumped Storage Devlopment. The Electricity Journal.1994: 1~4
[23] Ning Lu, Joe H.Chow, Alan A.Desrochers, Pumped-storage Hydro-Turbine Bidding Strategies in a Competitive Electricity Market. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2004, (5): 12~13
[24]曾鸣,孙昕,张启平.电力市场交易与电价理论及其应用.中国电力出版社. 2003: 108~295
[25]王俊豪.英国政府管制体制改革研究.上海三联书店. 1998: 39~219
[26] Prof. R.N. Allan, J.Roman. Reliability assessment of hydrothermal generation systems containing pumped storage plant. IEE PROCEEDINGS. 1991: 78~133
[27] IMF. World Economic Outlook Database. 2002, (9): 50~72
[28]徐永禧.美国电力市场发展现状.国际电力. 2004, (8): 25~26
[29]邱彬如.世界抽水蓄能电站新发展.中国电力出版社. 2006, (1): 78~319
[30] Allen E,LIICM. Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity Market. Springer. 1999: 17~19
[31] Tsung-Ying Lee, Nanming Chen, Member IEEE. The Effect of Pumped Storage and Battery Energy Storage Systems on Hydrothermal Generation Coordination. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 1992: 42~48
[32]潘家铮,何景.中国抽水蓄能电站建设.中国电力出版社. 2000, (3): 16~255
[33]陶喜群.中国水力发电年鉴第八卷(中国抽水蓄能机组国产化的进程).中国电力出版社. 2004, (11):302~576
[34]魏昭峰.加强骨干网架建设以缓解电力供需紧张局面.电网技术. 2003, (7): 26~27
[35]崔继纯.推动抽水蓄能事业走上科学健康持续发展之路.电力设备. 2006, (7): 13~14
[36]周建为.抽水蓄能电站的效益分析.广东水利水电. 2007, (6): 7~8
[37]王伟.抽水蓄能:辅助服务价值几何.国家电网报. 2007, (5): 5~6
[38]陈志刚.惠州抽水蓄能电站建设的必要性分析.电网技术. 2001, (7): 11
[39]李景宗,杨振立,王海政.基于电源优化扩展规划的抽水蓄能电站经济评价方法研究.水电能源科学. 2002, (6): 19~20
[40]广东省广电集团公司,广东省电力设计研究院.广东省电力工业十一五发展规划和2020年远景目标前期研究系列报告.广东省广电集团公司,广东省电力设计研究院. 2003: 17~20
[41] Turvey. R. Regulation and electricity prices. Power Engineering Journal. 1997, (11): 9~10
[42] Arif S. Malik, Brian J.Cory. Assessment of Pumped Storage Plant Benefits in Fuel Budgeting and Operational Planning. IEE International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operational and Management. 1991:16~19
[43]郑厚清,郑爱民.建立合理的抽水蓄能电价.中国电力企业管理. 2007, (3): 20
[44] Konstantin Staschus. Usable Hydro Capacity and Electric Utility Production Simulation and Reliability Calculation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 1990: 17
[45] Rong Zhang. Study on Dynamic Benefits and External Economy of Pumped-storage. International Conference on Power System Technology. 2006: 21~23
[46]朱美芳,姚瑜.现有抽水蓄能电站电价机制及经营模式的探究.电力设备. 2007, (5): 18~20
[47] Louis N. Hannett, Baldwin P. Lam. Modeling of a Pumped Storage Hydro Plant for Power System Stability studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2000: 34~42
[48]汤萌.中国电力市场化改革及其区域问题研究.中国经济出版社. 2004: 127~153
[49] R.R.Booth. Power System Simulation Model Based on Probability Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 1992: 43~58
[50]李例.抽水蓄能电站工程建设文集.中国电力出版社. 2006, (1): 108~233
[51]张乐福.抽水蓄能主要发电设备的市场状况.电力设备. 2006, (7): 32~35