天津电网黑启动路径辅助决策系统研究
|
摘要
近年来,在世界范围内电网连续发生了几起大事故,给国民经济造成了严重损失。电力系统停电后,使其快速恢复供电是一件非常复杂的工作。电力系统全部停电后的黑启动过程是一个非常复杂的过程。现如今各个电网公司的黑启动方案的制定还大都保持在较低级的水平,需要人工对黑启动方案进行制定。这样既无法反应系统的最新情况,又比较耗费时间,效率又低。因此,开发一套黑启动方案自动生成系统就显得比较急迫。
针对上述问题,本文开发出了一套基于规则的黑启动方案的自动生成系统,并成功应用于天津电网。本文的工作内容及成果如下:
1、本文首先介绍了黑启动方案制定的的研究现状,以及黑启动过程中系统的应该考虑的原则。具体包括黑启动的路径长度、启动电厂的优先等级、经过的厂站个数、启动的容量等原则;以及如何对生成的路径方案如果是电厂启动,需首先进行自励磁校核,如果不是电厂启动,则可直接进行工频过电压校核、操作过电压校核、以及系统恢复过程中母线的电压和频率校核,保证生成的路径方案即是可行的又是能用的。
2、提出了基于深度优先搜索算法的黑启动路径自动形成算法。与其它路径搜索算法相比,该搜索算法对以下三个方面进行了改进:(1)优化的前向搜索,首先搜索不经过变压器的路径方案;(2)采用子节点集和子节点重置集,保证完备的前向和回溯搜索;(3)对搜索的路径方案中,考虑到了被启动电厂的重要等级。
3、提出了基于熵权模糊综合评价模型的黑启动方案评估方法。该方法把黑启动评估过程中的主客观因素良好的结合起来,具有计算简单的特点。该方法既可以实现多方案的完全排序,又可以对单一方案作出合理评价。用该方法对天津电网候选黑启动方案进行评估,得出了最优方案,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
4、开发出了一套方便实用的黑启动方案自动生成辅助决策系统,该系统包括数据库模块、图形模块和算法模块。图形模块是基于VG二次开发而成,可以和数据库进行连接。算法模块包括了黑启动路径方案的初始生成、自励磁的校验、工频过电压、操作过电压、电压和频率的稳定性等计算,以及路径评估和排序模块。数据库模块是基于Oracle10i数据库开发而成,包括电力系统中的电厂、母线、线路、变压器和开关的数据表,以及相应的路径数据。
本文所开发的系统,已经基本实用。借助于本文系统,可以根据系统的具体情况快速地获得系统的最优黑启动路径方案,而大大降低调度人员的工作强度。
In recent years, there are several consecutive major accidents around the world, causing serious damages to the national economy. The system after power failure, recovering power supply is considered to a complex and time-consuming work.Restoration of a power system after a complete breakout is a very completed issue. At present ,black-start schemes of the domestic grid corpotions are artifical drawn up, which can’t reflect the new situation of system and is formed in efficient .Therefore, developing a set of black-start program automatically generation system becomes more urgent.
Aiming at these problems, we analyze the law of feasible black-start scheme. By using computer technology, we develop out the black start of a rule-based automatic program generation system, the content of this work and the results are as follows:
1. This paper first introduces the basic concepts of black start, and the issue of domestic and international situation and the latest research results. Describing the system startup process in the black staff, the black pneumatic principles should be considered. For example, the path length of black start, the priority of start plant ,the number of transformers, the capacity principles of start. And how to build a path to self-excitation scheme, operating over-voltage and power frequency over voltage, the recovery process of the voltage and frequency control checks to ensure that the resulting solution is feasible and usable.
2. Developed an optimized depth-first search algorithm. By the searching of grid, formating the initial path of the program. Compared with other path search algorithm, the search algorithm has been improved in three areas: (1) optimization of the forward search, the first search path of the program without a transformer; (2) The child node set and reset the set of child nodes to ensure complete forward and backward search; (3) the path of the search program, taking into account the important level of the plant which is started.
3. Proposed an entropy-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of black-start scheme evaluation methods. This method has a good combination of subjective and objective factors in the process of black-start scheme evaluation, besides it’s calculation is simple. This method can not only complete multi-program sorting, but also can make a reasonable evaluation of a single program. This method has been applied to the Black-start candidate schemes of TianJin Power Grid, and which get the optimal scheme, the result demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
4. Developed a convenient and practical black-start automatically generation system, which includes a database module, the graphics module and algorithm modules. Graphics module is based on secondary development from VG, which can connect to the database. You can click on the picture to get the components of the data elements to be modified. Algorithm module includes an initial program of black start path generation, self-excitation of the parity, power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage, voltage and frequency stability calculations, and the path evaluation and sorting . Database module is based on the Oracle9i database, which include plant, bus, line, transformer and switch data sheet, and the corresponding path data. This system has been applied to practical, according to this system, we can quickly get the black-start paths based the specific circumstance of the power grid, which can greatly reduce the staff strength of dispatchers.
针对上述问题,本文开发出了一套基于规则的黑启动方案的自动生成系统,并成功应用于天津电网。本文的工作内容及成果如下:
1、本文首先介绍了黑启动方案制定的的研究现状,以及黑启动过程中系统的应该考虑的原则。具体包括黑启动的路径长度、启动电厂的优先等级、经过的厂站个数、启动的容量等原则;以及如何对生成的路径方案如果是电厂启动,需首先进行自励磁校核,如果不是电厂启动,则可直接进行工频过电压校核、操作过电压校核、以及系统恢复过程中母线的电压和频率校核,保证生成的路径方案即是可行的又是能用的。
2、提出了基于深度优先搜索算法的黑启动路径自动形成算法。与其它路径搜索算法相比,该搜索算法对以下三个方面进行了改进:(1)优化的前向搜索,首先搜索不经过变压器的路径方案;(2)采用子节点集和子节点重置集,保证完备的前向和回溯搜索;(3)对搜索的路径方案中,考虑到了被启动电厂的重要等级。
3、提出了基于熵权模糊综合评价模型的黑启动方案评估方法。该方法把黑启动评估过程中的主客观因素良好的结合起来,具有计算简单的特点。该方法既可以实现多方案的完全排序,又可以对单一方案作出合理评价。用该方法对天津电网候选黑启动方案进行评估,得出了最优方案,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
4、开发出了一套方便实用的黑启动方案自动生成辅助决策系统,该系统包括数据库模块、图形模块和算法模块。图形模块是基于VG二次开发而成,可以和数据库进行连接。算法模块包括了黑启动路径方案的初始生成、自励磁的校验、工频过电压、操作过电压、电压和频率的稳定性等计算,以及路径评估和排序模块。数据库模块是基于Oracle10i数据库开发而成,包括电力系统中的电厂、母线、线路、变压器和开关的数据表,以及相应的路径数据。
本文所开发的系统,已经基本实用。借助于本文系统,可以根据系统的具体情况快速地获得系统的最优黑启动路径方案,而大大降低调度人员的工作强度。
In recent years, there are several consecutive major accidents around the world, causing serious damages to the national economy. The system after power failure, recovering power supply is considered to a complex and time-consuming work.Restoration of a power system after a complete breakout is a very completed issue. At present ,black-start schemes of the domestic grid corpotions are artifical drawn up, which can’t reflect the new situation of system and is formed in efficient .Therefore, developing a set of black-start program automatically generation system becomes more urgent.
Aiming at these problems, we analyze the law of feasible black-start scheme. By using computer technology, we develop out the black start of a rule-based automatic program generation system, the content of this work and the results are as follows:
1. This paper first introduces the basic concepts of black start, and the issue of domestic and international situation and the latest research results. Describing the system startup process in the black staff, the black pneumatic principles should be considered. For example, the path length of black start, the priority of start plant ,the number of transformers, the capacity principles of start. And how to build a path to self-excitation scheme, operating over-voltage and power frequency over voltage, the recovery process of the voltage and frequency control checks to ensure that the resulting solution is feasible and usable.
2. Developed an optimized depth-first search algorithm. By the searching of grid, formating the initial path of the program. Compared with other path search algorithm, the search algorithm has been improved in three areas: (1) optimization of the forward search, the first search path of the program without a transformer; (2) The child node set and reset the set of child nodes to ensure complete forward and backward search; (3) the path of the search program, taking into account the important level of the plant which is started.
3. Proposed an entropy-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of black-start scheme evaluation methods. This method has a good combination of subjective and objective factors in the process of black-start scheme evaluation, besides it’s calculation is simple. This method can not only complete multi-program sorting, but also can make a reasonable evaluation of a single program. This method has been applied to the Black-start candidate schemes of TianJin Power Grid, and which get the optimal scheme, the result demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
4. Developed a convenient and practical black-start automatically generation system, which includes a database module, the graphics module and algorithm modules. Graphics module is based on secondary development from VG, which can connect to the database. You can click on the picture to get the components of the data elements to be modified. Algorithm module includes an initial program of black start path generation, self-excitation of the parity, power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage, voltage and frequency stability calculations, and the path evaluation and sorting . Database module is based on the Oracle9i database, which include plant, bus, line, transformer and switch data sheet, and the corresponding path data. This system has been applied to practical, according to this system, we can quickly get the black-start paths based the specific circumstance of the power grid, which can greatly reduce the staff strength of dispatchers.
引文
[1]王宗辉,电力系统黑启动恢复过程中的注意事项,沿海企业与科技,2009,2:107～110
[2]周孝信,郑健超,沈国荣,从美加东北部电网大面积停电事故中吸取教训,电网技术,2003,27(9):1～4
[3]葛睿,董昱,吕跃春,欧洲11.4大停电事故分析及对我国电网运行工作的启示,电网技术,2007,31(3):1～6
[4]陈向宜,陈允平,李春艳,邓长虹,构建大电网安全防御体系—欧洲大停电事故的分析及思考,电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):4～8
[5]甘德强,胡江溢,韩祯祥,2003年国际若干停电事故思考,电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):1～4
[6]李阳坡,顾雪平,刘艳,电力系统黑启动过程中线路继电保护运行分析,华北电力大学学报,2006,33(2):54～58
[7]林济铿,蒋月梅,电力系统黑启动初始方案的自动形成,电力系统自动化,2008,32(2):72～75
[8]高远望,顾雪平,刘艳,电力系统黑启动方案的自动生成和评估,电力系统自动化,2004,28(13):50～54
[9]刘映尚,吴文传,基于有序二元决策图的黑启动分区搜索策略,中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):26～31
[10]杨德尚,袁荣湘,李奇旺等,可视化黑启动决策支持软件开发研究,电力系统保护与控制,2010,3:24～27
[11]成连生,电力系统“黑启动”方案,华中电力,2002,1(15):7～9
[12]张力强,吕利军,刘志伟,地区电网“黑启动"调度预案的制定及仿真,山西电力,2007,3(139):12～14
[13]夏少莲,李国柱,华中网调黑启动方案的编制,华中电力,2002,15:77～80
[14]张志毅,陈允平,基于模糊多属性决策的黑启动方案优选高电压技术,2007,33(3):42～46
[15]刘艳,顾雪平,基于数据包络分析模型的电力系统黑启动方案相对有效性评估,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):32～37
[16]王伟红,杨增辉,电网黑启动关键技术研究,上海电力,2007,5:236-241
[17]危雪周海云,黑启动中的自励磁判据及仿真,三峡大学学报,2005,6:1～5
[18]吴义纯,丁明,黑启动过程中空载线路的过电压计算,合肥工业大学学报,2005,28(1):18～21
[19]李膨源,顾雪平基于神经网络的黑启动操作过电压快速预测,电网技术,2006,33(3):66～70
[20] Kakimoto N ,Lin B ,Sugihara H. Expert System for voltage control in restoration of EHV power system following complete blackout. Electrical Engineering in Japan,19 95,11 5(1):35～50
[21]卢志刚,杨国良,改进二进制粒子群优化算法在配电网络重构中的应用,电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(7):30～34
[22]魏智博,刘艳,顾雪平,基于离散粒子群优化算法对负荷恢复为目标的网络重构.电力系统自动化,2007,31:122～125
[23]郑莉董渊张瑞丰,C++语言程序设计(第3版),北京:清华大学出版社,2005:9～39
[24] IEEE Committee Report Protective system issues during restoration. IEEE Transactions. Power Systems,1995,10(3):1492～149
[25]王春义,安鹏,黑启动调度培训系统的设计与开发,中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十二届学术年会,2008,2:23～24
[26]IEEE Committee Report, Bulk power system restoration training techniques, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 93,8(1):191～198
[27]孟宪朋,幺莉,基于关联矩阵法德电网黑启动方案评估,电工电能新技术,2007,26(4):65～70
[28]刘映尚,吴文传,黑启动过程中的负荷恢复,电网技术,2007,31(13):17～22
[29] Hona K, Nomura H, Takemoto H. Implementation of a real-time expert system for a restoration guide in a dispatching center. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 90,5(3):1032～1040
[30] Zhang Z Z, Hope G S, Malik 0 P. Expert systems in electric power systems-a bibliographical survey. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 89,4(4):1355～1362
[31]平绍勋,电力系统内部过电压保护及实例分析,北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[32]张玉琼,顾雪平,基于随机统计分析的黑启动操作过电压的计算校验,电工技术学报,2005,20(5):92～99
[33]杨志栋,刘一,张建华,北京10kv配网合环试验与分析,中国电力,2006,39(3):66～69
[34] US-Canada Power Outage Task Force.Final report on the August 14th 2003 blackout in the United States and Canada[EB/OL] www.ferc.gov
[35]苏德生,河北南网黑启动决策支持系统总体控制研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;华北电力大学,2003
[36]李雪梅,张素琴,基于仿生理论的几种优化算法综述,计算机应用研究,2009,6(26):2032～2034
[37]高远望,黑启动决策支持系统中启动方案的自动生成与评估:[硕士学位论文],保定:华北电力大学,2003
[2]周孝信,郑健超,沈国荣,从美加东北部电网大面积停电事故中吸取教训,电网技术,2003,27(9):1～4
[3]葛睿,董昱,吕跃春,欧洲11.4大停电事故分析及对我国电网运行工作的启示,电网技术,2007,31(3):1～6
[4]陈向宜,陈允平,李春艳,邓长虹,构建大电网安全防御体系—欧洲大停电事故的分析及思考,电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):4～8
[5]甘德强,胡江溢,韩祯祥,2003年国际若干停电事故思考,电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):1～4
[6]李阳坡,顾雪平,刘艳,电力系统黑启动过程中线路继电保护运行分析,华北电力大学学报,2006,33(2):54～58
[7]林济铿,蒋月梅,电力系统黑启动初始方案的自动形成,电力系统自动化,2008,32(2):72～75
[8]高远望,顾雪平,刘艳,电力系统黑启动方案的自动生成和评估,电力系统自动化,2004,28(13):50～54
[9]刘映尚,吴文传,基于有序二元决策图的黑启动分区搜索策略,中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):26～31
[10]杨德尚,袁荣湘,李奇旺等,可视化黑启动决策支持软件开发研究,电力系统保护与控制,2010,3:24～27
[11]成连生,电力系统“黑启动”方案,华中电力,2002,1(15):7～9
[12]张力强,吕利军,刘志伟,地区电网“黑启动"调度预案的制定及仿真,山西电力,2007,3(139):12～14
[13]夏少莲,李国柱,华中网调黑启动方案的编制,华中电力,2002,15:77～80
[14]张志毅,陈允平,基于模糊多属性决策的黑启动方案优选高电压技术,2007,33(3):42～46
[15]刘艳,顾雪平,基于数据包络分析模型的电力系统黑启动方案相对有效性评估,中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):32～37
[16]王伟红,杨增辉,电网黑启动关键技术研究,上海电力,2007,5:236-241
[17]危雪周海云,黑启动中的自励磁判据及仿真,三峡大学学报,2005,6:1～5
[18]吴义纯,丁明,黑启动过程中空载线路的过电压计算,合肥工业大学学报,2005,28(1):18～21
[19]李膨源,顾雪平基于神经网络的黑启动操作过电压快速预测,电网技术,2006,33(3):66～70
[20] Kakimoto N ,Lin B ,Sugihara H. Expert System for voltage control in restoration of EHV power system following complete blackout. Electrical Engineering in Japan,19 95,11 5(1):35～50
[21]卢志刚,杨国良,改进二进制粒子群优化算法在配电网络重构中的应用,电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(7):30～34
[22]魏智博,刘艳,顾雪平,基于离散粒子群优化算法对负荷恢复为目标的网络重构.电力系统自动化,2007,31:122～125
[23]郑莉董渊张瑞丰,C++语言程序设计(第3版),北京:清华大学出版社,2005:9～39
[24] IEEE Committee Report Protective system issues during restoration. IEEE Transactions. Power Systems,1995,10(3):1492～149
[25]王春义,安鹏,黑启动调度培训系统的设计与开发,中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十二届学术年会,2008,2:23～24
[26]IEEE Committee Report, Bulk power system restoration training techniques, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 93,8(1):191～198
[27]孟宪朋,幺莉,基于关联矩阵法德电网黑启动方案评估,电工电能新技术,2007,26(4):65～70
[28]刘映尚,吴文传,黑启动过程中的负荷恢复,电网技术,2007,31(13):17～22
[29] Hona K, Nomura H, Takemoto H. Implementation of a real-time expert system for a restoration guide in a dispatching center. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 90,5(3):1032～1040
[30] Zhang Z Z, Hope G S, Malik 0 P. Expert systems in electric power systems-a bibliographical survey. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,19 89,4(4):1355～1362
[31]平绍勋,电力系统内部过电压保护及实例分析,北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[32]张玉琼,顾雪平,基于随机统计分析的黑启动操作过电压的计算校验,电工技术学报,2005,20(5):92～99
[33]杨志栋,刘一,张建华,北京10kv配网合环试验与分析,中国电力,2006,39(3):66～69
[34] US-Canada Power Outage Task Force.Final report on the August 14th 2003 blackout in the United States and Canada[EB/OL] www.ferc.gov
[35]苏德生,河北南网黑启动决策支持系统总体控制研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;华北电力大学,2003
[36]李雪梅,张素琴,基于仿生理论的几种优化算法综述,计算机应用研究,2009,6(26):2032～2034
[37]高远望,黑启动决策支持系统中启动方案的自动生成与评估:[硕士学位论文],保定:华北电力大学,2003