樟科三种常绿阔叶树种抗寒生理的研究
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摘要
本文通过对樟科三种常绿阔叶树种(大叶楠、楠木、黑壳楠)在低温胁迫和施用外源脱落酸(ABA)处理下进行的O_2产生速率、MDA的含量和SOD、CAT活性水平变化的研究，结果表明：1．经ABA处理的大叶楠叶片的O_2产生速率、MDA的含量变化明显低于对照，而SOD、CAT活性明显高于对照，说明经ABA处理能提高植物的抗寒力。2．经ABA处理的楠木和大叶楠均能忍耐-50℃的低温，而黑壳楠至少能忍耐-10℃的低温，单就温度而言，黑壳楠更适于作为园林绿化植物引种。3．黑壳楠、楠木随着低温程度加大，植物幼苗叶片的衰老加速，表现在O_2产生速率增加、MDA含量增大、SOD活性下降等生理指标上。4．本试验表明，O_2产生速率、MDA的含量和SOD、CAT的活性等生理指标，能较好地反映植物幼苗耐低温的能力，可以作为鉴定植物抗寒性的生理指标。
This paper studied the three aspects of seedling's leaves of 3 broad-leaved evergreens in Lauraceae (1) the treatment of different low temperature; (2) the stress treatment of different time under the same low temperature; (3) the treatment of external ABA at the same time .It expounds the producing rate of Oz , the active level of SOD and CAT and the variety of MDA's content. The results are followed.
(1) The producing rate of O2 and variety of MDA's content of Machilus Oichangensis leaf which were treated by ABA is lower than CK evidently but the active level of SOD and CAT is higher than CK thus the ability of chilling resistance of plants was increased.
(2) By the treatment of ABA, the Phoebe Zhennan can endure -5癈 at least, but Lindera Megaphylla can endure -10C. For the temperature, the later is more suitable of introduction as gardens planting plant.
(3) With the increment of the extent of low temperature, the aging rate of seedling's leaf of Lindera megaphylla andphoehe zhennan also increase, the appearance is the increment of the producing rate of Ch and the content of MDA.
(4) By correlation analysis, the producing rate of O2 the content of MDA and the activity of SOD are more adaptable index that are used to value the ability of chilling resistance of plant seedlings.
This paper studied the three aspects of seedling's leaves of 3 broad-leaved evergreens in Lauraceae (1) the treatment of different low temperature; (2) the stress treatment of different time under the same low temperature; (3) the treatment of external ABA at the same time .It expounds the producing rate of Oz , the active level of SOD and CAT and the variety of MDA's content. The results are followed.
(1) The producing rate of O2 and variety of MDA's content of Machilus Oichangensis leaf which were treated by ABA is lower than CK evidently but the active level of SOD and CAT is higher than CK thus the ability of chilling resistance of plants was increased.
(2) By the treatment of ABA, the Phoebe Zhennan can endure -5癈 at least, but Lindera Megaphylla can endure -10C. For the temperature, the later is more suitable of introduction as gardens planting plant.
(3) With the increment of the extent of low temperature, the aging rate of seedling's leaf of Lindera megaphylla andphoehe zhennan also increase, the appearance is the increment of the producing rate of Ch and the content of MDA.
(4) By correlation analysis, the producing rate of O2 the content of MDA and the activity of SOD are more adaptable index that are used to value the ability of chilling resistance of plant seedlings.
引文
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[8] 何若韫植物低温逆境生理[M]北京：中国农业出版社，1995．
[9] 沈漫，王明庥，黄敏红．植物抗冷机理研究进展[J]．植物学通报，1997，14：1-8．
[10] Bowler C, Van Montahu M, Inze D. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance[J]. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1992,43:83-116.
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[14] 余叔文，汤章城．植物生理与分子生物子[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998．
[15] 郭金铨，陈文涛，王振泉，陈丽红．菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性关系[J]．植物生理学报，1985，11(4)：319-327．
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[17] 万清林，刘鸣远．芸香抗寒生理的初步研究[J]。植物研究，1997，17(2)：190-194．
[18] Wada H, Gombos Z. Murata N. Enhancement of chilling tolerance of a cyanobacterium by genetic manupulantion of fatty acid desaturation [J]. Nature, 1990,347:200-203.
[19] 刘鸿先，王以柔，郭俊彦．低温对植物细胞伤害机理的研究．中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊[M]，第五集，北京：科学出版社，1989，1-8．
[20] 曾韶西，王以柔，刘鸿先．低温下黄瓜幼苗子叶硫氢基(SH)含量变化与膜脂过氧化[J]．植物学报，1991，33：50-54．
[21] Prasad T K, Martin B A et al. Evidence for chilling induced oxidative stress in maize seedings and a regulatory role for hydrogen peroxide [J]. Plant Cell, 1994,6:65-74.
[22] Prasad T K. Role of catatase in inducing chilling tolerance in pre-emergent maize seeding [J]. Plant Physiol, 1997,114:1369-1376.
[23] 林植芳，李双顺，等．水稻叶片的衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的关系[J]．植物学报，1984，26(6)：605-615．
[24] 陈少裕．膜脂过氧化对植物细胞的伤害[J]．植物生理学通讯，1991，27(2)：84-90．
[26] 蒋明义，荆家海，王韶唐．渗透胁迫对水稻幼苗膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响[J]．植物生理学通讯，1991，17(1)：80-84．
[27] 伍泽堂．超氧自由与叶片衰老时叶绿素破坏的关系[J]．植物生理学通讯，1991，27(4)：277-279．
[28] 张承烈，杨成德，梁厚果．萝卜离体子叶衰老与膜脂过氧化的关系[J]．植物生理学通讯，1990，16(3)：227-232．
[29] 林植芳，李双顺，等．衰老叶片和叶绿体中H_2O_2的累积与膜脂过氧化的关系[J]，植物生理学报，1988，14(1)：16-22．
[30] 沈文飚，叶茂炳，徐朗莱．小麦旗叶自然衰老过程中清除活性氧能力的变化[J]．植物学报，1997，39(7)：634-640．
[31] 柯德森，王爱国，罗广华．活性氧在外源乙烯诱导内源乙烯产生过程中的作用[J]．植物生理学报，1997，23(1)，67-72．
[32] 潘瑞炽，豆志杰，叶庆生．茉莉酸甲酯对水分胁迫下花生幼苗SOD活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J]．植物生理学报，1995，21(3)：221-228．
[33] 蒋明义，郭绍川．渗透胁迫下稻苗中铁催化的膜脂过氧化作用[J]．
植物生理学报，1996，22[1]：6-12．
[34] 王毅，杨宏福，李树德．园艺植物冷害和抗冷性的研究——文献综述[J]．园艺学报，1994，21(3)：239-244．
[35] Prasad T K. Mechanisms of chilling-induced. xidative stress injury and tolerance:changes in antioxidant system. xidation of proteins and lipids and protease activties [J]. Plant J,1996,10:1017-1026.
[36] 曾韶两，王以柔，李美茹，等．冷锻炼和ADA诱导水稻幼苗提高抗冷性期间膜保护系统的变化[J]．热带亚热带植物学报，1994，2(1)：44-50．
[37] Bridger G M, Yang W. Cold-acclimation increases tolerance of activated oxygen in winter cereals [J]. Plant Physiol, 1994,144:235-240.
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