干旱、半干旱复杂矿区水资源系统优化配置及综合利用
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摘要
我国水资源匮乏,尤其是北方干旱、半干旱地区。神府东胜矿区(以下简称神东矿区)地处陕北黄土高原和毛乌素沙漠东南边缘接壤地带,是我国特大型煤炭生产基地,开采条件优良。随着煤炭资源开发规模逐渐增大,矿井排水、生产、生活、工业用水量逐年增加,煤炭工业发展与区域水资源供需、采煤活动与生态环境保护等矛盾日渐突出,严重制约本地区经济-社会-环境协调发展。为此,本研究以整理分析现有资料为基础,运用现场水文地质信息调查、室内外试验以及补充勘探等技术手段,通过理论分析、模拟预测等方法研究矿区水资源分布(包括地表水、地下水、矿井水状况和矿区生活用水)农业用水、生产用水、工业用水的现状及其变化趋势,从系统论的角度评价矿区水资源及其开发利用现状、演化趋势开采利用潜力等,并结合矿区开发中长期目标,规划神东矿区未来不同水平年的水资源优化配置方案；提出矿区未来水资源开发利用规划模式和水资源综合利用技术方案,为本区水资源的优化配置、合理开发、综合利用和科学管理提供技术支持。
首次提出水文地质试验参数初选、水位拟合调整参数、随机阶层式结构评估沉积物空间变异性确定水文地质参数一套全新参数反演方法,并成功应用于大区域复杂矿井地下水系统数值模拟中。该参数反演方法的核心：首先根据多组抽水试验所取得的各井孔含水层的水文地质参数,作为各井孔所在参数分区含水层的代表性水文地质参数,并在此基础上使用在模拟期末实测的地下水位资料进行水文地质参数调整；、最后通过水文地质参数空间变异性研究,利用阶层式结构来评估沉积物空间相关性结构对渗透性的影响,运用随机统计方法以及最优化理论最终确定水文地质参数。
采用等维灰数递补动态GM(1,1)方法预测区域需水量,应用包气带水分运移数值模型确定降雨入渗系数,提高了矿区水资源供需平衡分析和水资源量评价的工作精度。
构建了矿区水资源多目标规划模型实现了复杂水资源系统优化配置。按照神东矿区规划目标,制定了模型建立准则,构建了多目标、多水源、多用户、不同水质规划模型目标函数、决策变量、目标约束以及约束条件；利用MATLAB优化工具箱(Optimization Toolbox)中多目标优化函数fgoalattain建立了本模型的优化算法；以不同规划水平年为基准进行了水资源优化调配,提出了不同水源不同用户之间水资源综合利用调配的最优技术方案,达到了水资源供给保证率最大、用水费用最低的目的。
最后,形成以神东矿区为典型代表的大区域复杂水资源系统优化配置以及综合利用的系统理论与方法,即：区域供需水量评价→地下水模拟与管理→采矿影响评价→大区域水资源评价及优化配置→水资源综合开发利用,是一套完整系统分析评价、模拟管理、优化配置、综合利用的理论技术方法。
China, especially northern arid-semiarid region, suffers from water resources shortage. Situated at the Loess Plateau (Northern Shaanxi Province) and northeast Ordos Desert fringe, Shenfu Dongsheng coal mine is one of China's extra-large coal bases and boasts excellent mining conditions. However, with the rapid exploitation of coal mine and the annual increase of water consumption in coal mine drainage, industry, production and domestic use, this area witnesses sharp conflicts among mining industry, regional water supply and demand and environmental protection. Consequently, coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environments is seriously handicapped. Based on collection and analysis of the existing data, this paper adopts hydrogeological investigation, laboratory and in-situ tests and supplementary explorations as well as some methodologies such as theoretical analysis modeling and prediction to study coal mine area water resource distribution (including surface water, groundwater, mine water and coal mine domestic water), current situation and change trend of water supply in production, agriculture and industry. Then it evaluates the status development and utilization, evolution trend, exploitation and utilization potential of water resources in this area. Incorporated with the long and medium term development strategies of Shen-Dong coal mine, it layouts a scientific future allocation scheme of water resources in different hydrological years and proposes a planning mode of water resources development and utilization and a technical scheme for comprehensive water resources utilization so as to provide technical supports for the optimal allocation, rational exploitation, comprehensive utilization and scientific management of water resources.
To determine hydrogeology parameters, this paper puts forward a set of new parameter inversion method, including selecting hydrogeology experimental parameters primarily, adjusting parameters for water level fitting and random structural assessment for spatial variability of sediments and this method was applied in the groundwater system numerical simulation of large and complicated mine successfully. There are three key steps of this method. Firstly, hydrogeology parameters of different borehole aquifers obtained from pumping tests are taken as representative hydrogeology parameters of those boreholes in divisional parameter aquifers. Then, groundwater level information obtained from the final simulating measurements is applied in order to adjust hydrogeology parameters. Finally, it studies spatial variations of hydrogeology parameters and evaluates influences of spatial correlation structures of sediments on permeability. To determine hydrogeology parameters, random statistical method and optimization theory are adopted.
Dynamic grey model GM (1,1) was used to predicate the regional water demand, in which numerical simulation of unsaturated zone water migration was used to improve precipitation recharge coefficient precision, thus mining area water resource demand-supply balance analysis and water resource evaluation could be improved.
Optimal allocation of the complex water resources can be achieved by multi objective programming model. According to the Shendong planning target, the principles should be obeyed in modeling development. Besides, Multi-objective, Multi water resources, Multi-users and different water quality planning objective function, decision variable, objective restriction and constraint condition are established. Optimized algorithm is achieved by the application of multi-objective optimizing function fgoalattain, which was introduced from MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. In this model, water resources are optimized according to benchmark of different hierarchal years, an optimal technical scheme for comprehensive utilization is put forward among different users. Thus, the target of lowest-cost and highest-supply of water resources is realized.
Finally, the systematical theory and method for the optimal allocation of water resources and its comprehensive utilization in large and complicated coal mine area represented by Shenfu Dongsheng coal mine is formed. Namely, regional water supply and demand evaluation→underground water simulation and management→evaluation on the influences of mining→assessment and optimal allocation of water resources in large areas→comprehensive utilization of water resources. In a word, it is an all-round set of theoretical technology method combining systematical analysis and evaluation, simulation and management, optimal allocation and comprehensive utilization.
首次提出水文地质试验参数初选、水位拟合调整参数、随机阶层式结构评估沉积物空间变异性确定水文地质参数一套全新参数反演方法,并成功应用于大区域复杂矿井地下水系统数值模拟中。该参数反演方法的核心：首先根据多组抽水试验所取得的各井孔含水层的水文地质参数,作为各井孔所在参数分区含水层的代表性水文地质参数,并在此基础上使用在模拟期末实测的地下水位资料进行水文地质参数调整；、最后通过水文地质参数空间变异性研究,利用阶层式结构来评估沉积物空间相关性结构对渗透性的影响,运用随机统计方法以及最优化理论最终确定水文地质参数。
采用等维灰数递补动态GM(1,1)方法预测区域需水量,应用包气带水分运移数值模型确定降雨入渗系数,提高了矿区水资源供需平衡分析和水资源量评价的工作精度。
构建了矿区水资源多目标规划模型实现了复杂水资源系统优化配置。按照神东矿区规划目标,制定了模型建立准则,构建了多目标、多水源、多用户、不同水质规划模型目标函数、决策变量、目标约束以及约束条件；利用MATLAB优化工具箱(Optimization Toolbox)中多目标优化函数fgoalattain建立了本模型的优化算法；以不同规划水平年为基准进行了水资源优化调配,提出了不同水源不同用户之间水资源综合利用调配的最优技术方案,达到了水资源供给保证率最大、用水费用最低的目的。
最后,形成以神东矿区为典型代表的大区域复杂水资源系统优化配置以及综合利用的系统理论与方法,即：区域供需水量评价→地下水模拟与管理→采矿影响评价→大区域水资源评价及优化配置→水资源综合开发利用,是一套完整系统分析评价、模拟管理、优化配置、综合利用的理论技术方法。
China, especially northern arid-semiarid region, suffers from water resources shortage. Situated at the Loess Plateau (Northern Shaanxi Province) and northeast Ordos Desert fringe, Shenfu Dongsheng coal mine is one of China's extra-large coal bases and boasts excellent mining conditions. However, with the rapid exploitation of coal mine and the annual increase of water consumption in coal mine drainage, industry, production and domestic use, this area witnesses sharp conflicts among mining industry, regional water supply and demand and environmental protection. Consequently, coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environments is seriously handicapped. Based on collection and analysis of the existing data, this paper adopts hydrogeological investigation, laboratory and in-situ tests and supplementary explorations as well as some methodologies such as theoretical analysis modeling and prediction to study coal mine area water resource distribution (including surface water, groundwater, mine water and coal mine domestic water), current situation and change trend of water supply in production, agriculture and industry. Then it evaluates the status development and utilization, evolution trend, exploitation and utilization potential of water resources in this area. Incorporated with the long and medium term development strategies of Shen-Dong coal mine, it layouts a scientific future allocation scheme of water resources in different hydrological years and proposes a planning mode of water resources development and utilization and a technical scheme for comprehensive water resources utilization so as to provide technical supports for the optimal allocation, rational exploitation, comprehensive utilization and scientific management of water resources.
To determine hydrogeology parameters, this paper puts forward a set of new parameter inversion method, including selecting hydrogeology experimental parameters primarily, adjusting parameters for water level fitting and random structural assessment for spatial variability of sediments and this method was applied in the groundwater system numerical simulation of large and complicated mine successfully. There are three key steps of this method. Firstly, hydrogeology parameters of different borehole aquifers obtained from pumping tests are taken as representative hydrogeology parameters of those boreholes in divisional parameter aquifers. Then, groundwater level information obtained from the final simulating measurements is applied in order to adjust hydrogeology parameters. Finally, it studies spatial variations of hydrogeology parameters and evaluates influences of spatial correlation structures of sediments on permeability. To determine hydrogeology parameters, random statistical method and optimization theory are adopted.
Dynamic grey model GM (1,1) was used to predicate the regional water demand, in which numerical simulation of unsaturated zone water migration was used to improve precipitation recharge coefficient precision, thus mining area water resource demand-supply balance analysis and water resource evaluation could be improved.
Optimal allocation of the complex water resources can be achieved by multi objective programming model. According to the Shendong planning target, the principles should be obeyed in modeling development. Besides, Multi-objective, Multi water resources, Multi-users and different water quality planning objective function, decision variable, objective restriction and constraint condition are established. Optimized algorithm is achieved by the application of multi-objective optimizing function fgoalattain, which was introduced from MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. In this model, water resources are optimized according to benchmark of different hierarchal years, an optimal technical scheme for comprehensive utilization is put forward among different users. Thus, the target of lowest-cost and highest-supply of water resources is realized.
Finally, the systematical theory and method for the optimal allocation of water resources and its comprehensive utilization in large and complicated coal mine area represented by Shenfu Dongsheng coal mine is formed. Namely, regional water supply and demand evaluation→underground water simulation and management→evaluation on the influences of mining→assessment and optimal allocation of water resources in large areas→comprehensive utilization of water resources. In a word, it is an all-round set of theoretical technology method combining systematical analysis and evaluation, simulation and management, optimal allocation and comprehensive utilization.
引文
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