长周期大地电磁法信号处理关键技术研究与应用
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摘要
大地电磁法一直以来在探测地壳及上地幔电性结构方面发挥了重要作用,长周期大地电磁法是进一步拓展宽频大地电磁法资料频段、有效探测地球深部电性结构的技术方法,该方法在解决我国深部地球科学问题方面已有了许多成功的应用范例。当前国内针对长周期大地电磁资料的实用化预处理系统还处于空白阶段,在实际生产中还是依靠国外相关软件进行处理,因此通过对成熟技术的应用与集成、解剖和仿制国外优秀软件,进而形成自主开发的软件系统对于该长周期大地电磁法在我国的应用与发展具有较大的现实意义。本文在分析总结国内外研究成果的基础上,对长周期大地电磁法数据预处理中的几个关键问题进行了分解、设计和方法研究,分别对长周期大地电磁法的时间域去噪与时频分析、阻抗张量估算和阻抗张量畸变分解几个方面进行了方法研究,提出了具体的技术思路并编程实现,试图初步建立起一套在定量反演前的从仪器原始时间域序列到视电阻率／视相位资料的实用化数据处理流程。
希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)是近几年发展起来的处理非线性、非平稳信号的有力工具。本文将HHT引入到天然电磁场原始时间域序列的去噪和时频分析中,并结合小波变换中硬阈值函数去噪法可以有效剔除噪声这一特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)与小波变换相结合的去噪方法。在剖析该方法理论原理和算法流程的基础上,将该方法编程实现,并开发出了人机交互式界面便于实际资料的处理,并通过仿真信号处理结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。此外,HHT对非平稳信号具有很强的时频分辨与定位能力,能够判断出噪声在时域上的干扰情况,有利于原始资料的时段筛选。分别对实测资料去噪前后和时段筛选前后的计算结果作对比,表明其实际应用效果明显。
计算阻抗张量是长周期大地电磁法中获得地下电性结构分布信息的重要步骤。本文应用近期国外文献在阻抗张量估算方面的新思路和新方法,参考国外PRC MTMV软件中的一些关键技术,实现了长周期大地电磁法从时间域序列到功率谱计算,再到阻抗张量估算,最后得到可靠的张量阻抗要素这一计算流程,文中详细阐述了该流程中关键方法的理论原理和实现过程,针对传统远参考Robust估计对于抑制“输入端”相关噪声的局限性,使用了远参考磁场控制法(Remote Reference Magnetic Conrtol, RRMC)来抑制磁场中相关噪声的干扰；其次将重复中位数估计算法引入到长周期大地电磁阻抗张量求取中,代替传统的基于M估计的Robust算法,提高了算法对时间域原始资料中噪声干扰的容限,使算法的理论崩溃值从30%提高到50%。整个计算流程和数据成图在Matlab平台上编程实现,将该程序用于处理Lemi-417仪器在龙门山地区采集到的实测资料,得到了较好的计算结果。
实际地质结构一般是三维的,在进行二维反演前最大限度地克服三维局部畸变的影响,是保证二维反演解释成功的关键。基于阻抗张量的各种物理分解法,不仅有助于校正畸变,提取区域构造特性,同时也能分解得到多种参数,用于解释地下电性主轴方向、地质背景构造维性、各种畸变特性等定性信息。本文应用成熟的阻抗张量畸变分析技术,减小二维反演解释下三维／二维模型的畸变效应影响。在分析三维／二维模型下畸变特点的基础上,详细推导了斯外夫特旋转法、巴尔分解法、格如-贝利分解法的数学过程,并针对于格如-贝利分解法提出了一种新的优化求解算法,通过对理论模型的运算,论证了以上三种方法各自的适用范围及计算结果的正确性；此外,针对于阻抗张量元素可应用于地质结构定性解释这一特点,编写了极化图分析、阻抗张量主轴方位角及莫尔圆程序,通过将其应用于实测资料的定性分析可以确定出地下构造方向与各向异性等信息。最后,考虑到实测资料中经常会受到静态效应的影响,对一种阻抗张量层面的静效应校正方法进行了研究和实现。
最后,将论文的研究成果应用到在龙门山地震带区域采集的长周期大地电磁资料的数据处理中,在进行了资料定性分析和阻抗张量畸变分解后,得到了电性主轴方位和构造维性特征,再通过二维反演得到了该区域的深部电性结构,进而探讨了该地区的动力学特征。
Magnetotelluric method has been played an important role in the detection of the crust and upper mantle structure,make the long-period and broadband magnetotelluric method combines the land of ultra-wideband electromagnetic magnetotelluric method is a further increase detection depth of the new techniques,this method solve the deep problems of Earth Sciences have been got many successful examples of the application. Current domestic long-period MT data for the practical stage pretreatment system is still in the blank, in the actual production or processing software relying on foreign countries, so by the application of mature technologies and integration, anatomical, and imitation of foreign excellent software, thus form an independent software system for the style of long-period magnetotelluric method in the application and development of our great practical significance.This paper analyzed and summarized on the basis of research results at home and abroad, aiming at the long-period electromagnetic data processing, in which several issues still need further studying, that is long-period magnetotelluric method of time domain noise suppression and time-frequency analysis, impedance tensor's estimation and impedance tensor decomposition, and put forward specific technical ideas and programming to try to establish a quantitative inversion of the original from the instrument prior to the time domain sequence to the apparent resistivity/apparent phase as practical information on data processing.
Hilbert-Huang transform (Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT) is the latest developed powerful tool to process nonlinear, non-stationary signals. This article will introduce HHT to denoising and time domain frequency analysis of the natural electromagnetic field original time series, based on the significance of departure from the practice, and analysis the process of theoretical principles and algorithms, we made a programming, which makes data processing convenience. In addition, HHT has a strong time-frequency signal resolution and positioning capabilities on non-stationary signals, it can detect the noise in the time domain, and is conducive to data selection. Make denoising and selection the measured data before and after for comparison, it shows it's a significant practical applications.
Estimation of the impedance tensor magnetotelluric is to obtain information on underground distribution of electrical structure, this is the first and important steps. In this paper, we study the recent foreign literature in terms of impedance tensor estimation of new ideas, reference to foreign software PRC_MTMV to achieve the long-period magnetotelluric method in time domain series to the power spectrum calculation, to estimate the impedance tensor, and finally have reliable elements of the impedance tensor, and we described the methods of the theory and implementation process in detail. Consider the traditional robust estimation have limit effort for the suppression of "input" related noise, we proposed the magnetic field control of the remote reference method (Remote Reference with Magnetic Control, RRMC) to suppress related noise; and then, we introduced the Repeated Median Estimator to estimate the long-period magnetotelluric impedance tensor, instead of the traditional algorithm based on Robust M estimation algorithm, which improved the time domain raw data noise tolerance, this algorithm make the theoretical collapse value from30%to50%. The calculation process in the Matlab programming platform, we use the procedure to process measured data collected in Longmen Mountain region with Lemi-417instrument, it obtained a good result.
The geological structure is generally three-dimensional, before make two dimensional inversion, overcoming the maximum impact of three-dimensional of local distortion, which is the key to success inversion interpretation. Based on various physical impedance tensor decomposition method, not only helps to correct distortion, extract the regional tectonic features, but also can break down a variety of parameters derived for the interpretation of underground electrical axis direction, geological background-dimensional structure, various distortion characteristics have significant effect. In this paper distorted impedance tensor sophisticated analytical techniques, reducing the under two-dimensional three-dimensional inversion interpretation distortion effect of two-dimensional model.the analysis of three dimensional/two dimensional model based on the distortion characteristics, deduced Swift rotation, Barr decomposition, Groom-Baily decomposition of the mathematical process, and present a new optimized solve algorithm of Groom-Baily decomposition, the computation of the theoretical model, demonstrated the application scope of the three methods and their calculations are correct; for the impedance tensor elements can be applied to explain the qualitative characteristics of the geological structure, we make a program of the polarization chart analysis, the impedance tensor main axis's azimuth and Mohr circle analysis, it was applied to the measured data to determine the regional geological background information. Finally, given the measured data is often subject to static effects, the impedance tensor of a static level of effect correction methods were studied and realized.
Finally, we applied the thesis research results to long-period magnetotelluric data processing, which was collected in the Longmen Shan seismic zone, after decomposing distorted impedance tensor and analyzing qualitative data, we obtained electrical spindle orientation and characteristics of the regional dimension, and through the two-dimensional inversion, we got the region's deep electrical structure, and then discusses the dynamic characteristics of that region.
希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)是近几年发展起来的处理非线性、非平稳信号的有力工具。本文将HHT引入到天然电磁场原始时间域序列的去噪和时频分析中,并结合小波变换中硬阈值函数去噪法可以有效剔除噪声这一特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)与小波变换相结合的去噪方法。在剖析该方法理论原理和算法流程的基础上,将该方法编程实现,并开发出了人机交互式界面便于实际资料的处理,并通过仿真信号处理结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。此外,HHT对非平稳信号具有很强的时频分辨与定位能力,能够判断出噪声在时域上的干扰情况,有利于原始资料的时段筛选。分别对实测资料去噪前后和时段筛选前后的计算结果作对比,表明其实际应用效果明显。
计算阻抗张量是长周期大地电磁法中获得地下电性结构分布信息的重要步骤。本文应用近期国外文献在阻抗张量估算方面的新思路和新方法,参考国外PRC MTMV软件中的一些关键技术,实现了长周期大地电磁法从时间域序列到功率谱计算,再到阻抗张量估算,最后得到可靠的张量阻抗要素这一计算流程,文中详细阐述了该流程中关键方法的理论原理和实现过程,针对传统远参考Robust估计对于抑制“输入端”相关噪声的局限性,使用了远参考磁场控制法(Remote Reference Magnetic Conrtol, RRMC)来抑制磁场中相关噪声的干扰；其次将重复中位数估计算法引入到长周期大地电磁阻抗张量求取中,代替传统的基于M估计的Robust算法,提高了算法对时间域原始资料中噪声干扰的容限,使算法的理论崩溃值从30%提高到50%。整个计算流程和数据成图在Matlab平台上编程实现,将该程序用于处理Lemi-417仪器在龙门山地区采集到的实测资料,得到了较好的计算结果。
实际地质结构一般是三维的,在进行二维反演前最大限度地克服三维局部畸变的影响,是保证二维反演解释成功的关键。基于阻抗张量的各种物理分解法,不仅有助于校正畸变,提取区域构造特性,同时也能分解得到多种参数,用于解释地下电性主轴方向、地质背景构造维性、各种畸变特性等定性信息。本文应用成熟的阻抗张量畸变分析技术,减小二维反演解释下三维／二维模型的畸变效应影响。在分析三维／二维模型下畸变特点的基础上,详细推导了斯外夫特旋转法、巴尔分解法、格如-贝利分解法的数学过程,并针对于格如-贝利分解法提出了一种新的优化求解算法,通过对理论模型的运算,论证了以上三种方法各自的适用范围及计算结果的正确性；此外,针对于阻抗张量元素可应用于地质结构定性解释这一特点,编写了极化图分析、阻抗张量主轴方位角及莫尔圆程序,通过将其应用于实测资料的定性分析可以确定出地下构造方向与各向异性等信息。最后,考虑到实测资料中经常会受到静态效应的影响,对一种阻抗张量层面的静效应校正方法进行了研究和实现。
最后,将论文的研究成果应用到在龙门山地震带区域采集的长周期大地电磁资料的数据处理中,在进行了资料定性分析和阻抗张量畸变分解后,得到了电性主轴方位和构造维性特征,再通过二维反演得到了该区域的深部电性结构,进而探讨了该地区的动力学特征。
Magnetotelluric method has been played an important role in the detection of the crust and upper mantle structure,make the long-period and broadband magnetotelluric method combines the land of ultra-wideband electromagnetic magnetotelluric method is a further increase detection depth of the new techniques,this method solve the deep problems of Earth Sciences have been got many successful examples of the application. Current domestic long-period MT data for the practical stage pretreatment system is still in the blank, in the actual production or processing software relying on foreign countries, so by the application of mature technologies and integration, anatomical, and imitation of foreign excellent software, thus form an independent software system for the style of long-period magnetotelluric method in the application and development of our great practical significance.This paper analyzed and summarized on the basis of research results at home and abroad, aiming at the long-period electromagnetic data processing, in which several issues still need further studying, that is long-period magnetotelluric method of time domain noise suppression and time-frequency analysis, impedance tensor's estimation and impedance tensor decomposition, and put forward specific technical ideas and programming to try to establish a quantitative inversion of the original from the instrument prior to the time domain sequence to the apparent resistivity/apparent phase as practical information on data processing.
Hilbert-Huang transform (Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT) is the latest developed powerful tool to process nonlinear, non-stationary signals. This article will introduce HHT to denoising and time domain frequency analysis of the natural electromagnetic field original time series, based on the significance of departure from the practice, and analysis the process of theoretical principles and algorithms, we made a programming, which makes data processing convenience. In addition, HHT has a strong time-frequency signal resolution and positioning capabilities on non-stationary signals, it can detect the noise in the time domain, and is conducive to data selection. Make denoising and selection the measured data before and after for comparison, it shows it's a significant practical applications.
Estimation of the impedance tensor magnetotelluric is to obtain information on underground distribution of electrical structure, this is the first and important steps. In this paper, we study the recent foreign literature in terms of impedance tensor estimation of new ideas, reference to foreign software PRC_MTMV to achieve the long-period magnetotelluric method in time domain series to the power spectrum calculation, to estimate the impedance tensor, and finally have reliable elements of the impedance tensor, and we described the methods of the theory and implementation process in detail. Consider the traditional robust estimation have limit effort for the suppression of "input" related noise, we proposed the magnetic field control of the remote reference method (Remote Reference with Magnetic Control, RRMC) to suppress related noise; and then, we introduced the Repeated Median Estimator to estimate the long-period magnetotelluric impedance tensor, instead of the traditional algorithm based on Robust M estimation algorithm, which improved the time domain raw data noise tolerance, this algorithm make the theoretical collapse value from30%to50%. The calculation process in the Matlab programming platform, we use the procedure to process measured data collected in Longmen Mountain region with Lemi-417instrument, it obtained a good result.
The geological structure is generally three-dimensional, before make two dimensional inversion, overcoming the maximum impact of three-dimensional of local distortion, which is the key to success inversion interpretation. Based on various physical impedance tensor decomposition method, not only helps to correct distortion, extract the regional tectonic features, but also can break down a variety of parameters derived for the interpretation of underground electrical axis direction, geological background-dimensional structure, various distortion characteristics have significant effect. In this paper distorted impedance tensor sophisticated analytical techniques, reducing the under two-dimensional three-dimensional inversion interpretation distortion effect of two-dimensional model.the analysis of three dimensional/two dimensional model based on the distortion characteristics, deduced Swift rotation, Barr decomposition, Groom-Baily decomposition of the mathematical process, and present a new optimized solve algorithm of Groom-Baily decomposition, the computation of the theoretical model, demonstrated the application scope of the three methods and their calculations are correct; for the impedance tensor elements can be applied to explain the qualitative characteristics of the geological structure, we make a program of the polarization chart analysis, the impedance tensor main axis's azimuth and Mohr circle analysis, it was applied to the measured data to determine the regional geological background information. Finally, given the measured data is often subject to static effects, the impedance tensor of a static level of effect correction methods were studied and realized.
Finally, we applied the thesis research results to long-period magnetotelluric data processing, which was collected in the Longmen Shan seismic zone, after decomposing distorted impedance tensor and analyzing qualitative data, we obtained electrical spindle orientation and characteristics of the regional dimension, and through the two-dimensional inversion, we got the region's deep electrical structure, and then discusses the dynamic characteristics of that region.
引文
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