机场排爆战斗部技术研究
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摘要
机场跑道地下未爆弹的排除是保证作战飞机快速升空的重点。如何能快速、安全的将其排除直接影响着战场制空权争夺的主动权，是影响着战争胜负的关键。本文提出了利用破-破串联战斗部排除机场跑道下方两米处未爆弹药的设想。首先介绍了目前弹药销毁技术和机场未爆弹排除方法的研究现状，并对炸药冲击起爆的机理和判据进行了叙述。通过破-破串联战斗部的两种方案的对比，确定了逆序起爆串联战斗部作为机场排爆战斗部的总体方案。通过理论分析和数值模拟的方法，分析了前、后级的结构参数对串联聚能装药射流成型的影响，并对机场跑道的靶板模型进行了侵彻模拟。
通过数值模拟的方法，分析了结构参数对K装药形成杆式射流性能的影响，得出了侵彻体的速度、长度、动能和装药能量利用率的具体的变化规律；分析了中心带孔成型装药的成型机理，得出了形成的侵彻体可以分为两部分:由中心衬管形成的前段高速射流和带孔药型罩形成的后段低速射流组成。分析了中心带孔成型装药的结构参数对形成侵彻体性能的影响，得出了侵彻体的头部速度、速度梯度、长度和动能的具体变化规律。最后添加靶板进行了威力验证。研究表明：（1）药型罩高度40 mm＜H＜60 mm、药型罩曲率半径300 mm＜R＜500 mm。、药型罩厚度3 mm<δ<5 mm、装药长径比为0.7＜λ＜0.9时，后级K装药形成的侵彻体性能较好。K装药通过采用与药型罩结构匹配的波形控制器来提高射流的速度、长度、能量。有波形调整器的装药的比没有波形调整器的能量利用率提高了17.6％。速度提高42.5％，射流能量增加2.5倍，长度增加1倍。（2）前级中心带孔药型罩的锥角90°＜α＜110°、中心孔直径和装药直径的比值η存在一个最佳值于0＜η＜7.5，η＞7.5时，在满足后级要求的前提下，中心孔直径越小形成的侵彻体性能越好，装药长径比0.7＜λ＜0.9时，形成的侵彻体性能较好。（3）所设计的用于串联战斗部能够穿透两米深的机场跑道及下方10 mm厚的装甲钢，且起爆装有COMP.B等钝感炸药的未爆弹战斗部。本文研究结果可为机场未爆弹排除技术的研究提供借鉴。
Clearance of Unexploded Ordnance under the runway is the key point to guaranteecombat aircrafts taking off in time. Cleaning the unexploded ordnance fast and safely directlyaffects the striving for air supremacy, and also it is the key to achieve the victory of warfare.An assumption of broken, broken tandem warhead is proposed to exclude unexplodedordnance two meters below the airport runway. The current situation of ammunition disposaltechnology and airport unexploded ordnance removal method was introduced firstly, and thenthe shock initiation mechanism and criterion were described. Through the comparison of twokinds of broken, broken tandem warhead scheme, the reverse priming tandem warhead wasdetermined as the EOD warhead scheme of airport. The effect of forward and backwardparameters of tandem shaped charge warhead were analyzed by theoretical analysis andnumerical simulations, and simulations of penetrating airport runway target model werecarried out as well.
The effect of structural parameters for the rod-like jet forming performance of K chargewas analyzed by means of numerical simulation, and the change laws of velocity, length,kinetic energy and total charge of the projectile were obtained. The forming mechanism ofcentral-hole shaped charge was analyzed, and the former high speed jet formed by the centralscreened pipe and the latter slow speed jet formed by the central-hole shaped charge make upthe projectile. The effects of central-hole shaped charge structural parameters for theprojectile were analyzed, and the change laws of head velocity, velocity gradient, length,kinetic energy of the projectile were obtained, and performance testing was carried out bypenetrating plate. The results shows that：（1）while length 40 mm＜H＜60 mm, curvatureradius 300 mm＜R＜500 mm, thickness 3 mm<δ<5 mm, charge slenderness rate0.7＜λ＜ 0.9 ,the penetration capability of projectile is better. For K charge, appropriate detonationwave controller can be applied to the charge to enhance the speed, length-diameter ratio,energy of the projectile. The energy utilization rate of the projectile with detonation wavecontroller is promoted by 17.6％, the speed is 42.5％higher, the length is 2 times longer, andthe energy is 2.5 times enhanced. (2)The ratioτof center hole diameter and charge diameterhas a best range 0＜η＜7.5 while the coning angle of liner 90°＜α＜110°.The smaller of thecenter hole diameter，the better performance of the projectile withη＞7.5 and under therequest of forward charge. Meanwhile, the projectile has a better performance while chargeslenderness ratio 0.7＜λ＜0.9.
The warhead designed in this paper can penetrate 10 mm armor plate two meters belowthe runway, and initiating an unexploded COMP.B insensitive explosive warhead. The resultsof the research can provide a reference for the study of airport unexploded ordnance removaltechnology.
通过数值模拟的方法，分析了结构参数对K装药形成杆式射流性能的影响，得出了侵彻体的速度、长度、动能和装药能量利用率的具体的变化规律；分析了中心带孔成型装药的成型机理，得出了形成的侵彻体可以分为两部分:由中心衬管形成的前段高速射流和带孔药型罩形成的后段低速射流组成。分析了中心带孔成型装药的结构参数对形成侵彻体性能的影响，得出了侵彻体的头部速度、速度梯度、长度和动能的具体变化规律。最后添加靶板进行了威力验证。研究表明：（1）药型罩高度40 mm＜H＜60 mm、药型罩曲率半径300 mm＜R＜500 mm。、药型罩厚度3 mm<δ<5 mm、装药长径比为0.7＜λ＜0.9时，后级K装药形成的侵彻体性能较好。K装药通过采用与药型罩结构匹配的波形控制器来提高射流的速度、长度、能量。有波形调整器的装药的比没有波形调整器的能量利用率提高了17.6％。速度提高42.5％，射流能量增加2.5倍，长度增加1倍。（2）前级中心带孔药型罩的锥角90°＜α＜110°、中心孔直径和装药直径的比值η存在一个最佳值于0＜η＜7.5，η＞7.5时，在满足后级要求的前提下，中心孔直径越小形成的侵彻体性能越好，装药长径比0.7＜λ＜0.9时，形成的侵彻体性能较好。（3）所设计的用于串联战斗部能够穿透两米深的机场跑道及下方10 mm厚的装甲钢，且起爆装有COMP.B等钝感炸药的未爆弹战斗部。本文研究结果可为机场未爆弹排除技术的研究提供借鉴。
Clearance of Unexploded Ordnance under the runway is the key point to guaranteecombat aircrafts taking off in time. Cleaning the unexploded ordnance fast and safely directlyaffects the striving for air supremacy, and also it is the key to achieve the victory of warfare.An assumption of broken, broken tandem warhead is proposed to exclude unexplodedordnance two meters below the airport runway. The current situation of ammunition disposaltechnology and airport unexploded ordnance removal method was introduced firstly, and thenthe shock initiation mechanism and criterion were described. Through the comparison of twokinds of broken, broken tandem warhead scheme, the reverse priming tandem warhead wasdetermined as the EOD warhead scheme of airport. The effect of forward and backwardparameters of tandem shaped charge warhead were analyzed by theoretical analysis andnumerical simulations, and simulations of penetrating airport runway target model werecarried out as well.
The effect of structural parameters for the rod-like jet forming performance of K chargewas analyzed by means of numerical simulation, and the change laws of velocity, length,kinetic energy and total charge of the projectile were obtained. The forming mechanism ofcentral-hole shaped charge was analyzed, and the former high speed jet formed by the centralscreened pipe and the latter slow speed jet formed by the central-hole shaped charge make upthe projectile. The effects of central-hole shaped charge structural parameters for theprojectile were analyzed, and the change laws of head velocity, velocity gradient, length,kinetic energy of the projectile were obtained, and performance testing was carried out bypenetrating plate. The results shows that：（1）while length 40 mm＜H＜60 mm, curvatureradius 300 mm＜R＜500 mm, thickness 3 mm<δ<5 mm, charge slenderness rate0.7＜λ＜ 0.9 ,the penetration capability of projectile is better. For K charge, appropriate detonationwave controller can be applied to the charge to enhance the speed, length-diameter ratio,energy of the projectile. The energy utilization rate of the projectile with detonation wavecontroller is promoted by 17.6％, the speed is 42.5％higher, the length is 2 times longer, andthe energy is 2.5 times enhanced. (2)The ratioτof center hole diameter and charge diameterhas a best range 0＜η＜7.5 while the coning angle of liner 90°＜α＜110°.The smaller of thecenter hole diameter，the better performance of the projectile withη＞7.5 and under therequest of forward charge. Meanwhile, the projectile has a better performance while chargeslenderness ratio 0.7＜λ＜0.9.
The warhead designed in this paper can penetrate 10 mm armor plate two meters belowthe runway, and initiating an unexploded COMP.B insensitive explosive warhead. The resultsof the research can provide a reference for the study of airport unexploded ordnance removaltechnology.
引文
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[3]娄建武，龙源，谢兴博.废弃火炸药和常规弹药的处置与销毁技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社，2007:157-180.
[4]胡恩平，李成国，肖东胜.国外报废弹药处理的过去、现在与未来[J] .国外安全技术动态.2002,43-48.
[5]钟树良.水射流切割炸药的技术研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2006.
[6]冯寒亮，韩锋.美军激光武器的研究进展与思考[J] .现代军事.2010,3:44-50.
[7]杨晓红.美军用遥控武器平台销毁爆炸物[J] .轻兵器,2003,11:27-27.
[8]陈玲.炸药与火药[M].武汉:中国人民解放军军械士官学校,1999.
[9]国防科技信息网.俄罗斯研制出过期弹药销毁装置[EB/OL].http://dsti.net/information/news/ 73882.
[10]寰宇.用于销毁炸弹的AW50F反器材步枪[J] .轻兵器.2004,1:35-35.
[11]百战军事网.细菌吃炸弹—可以有效地销毁二战中遗留的弹药[EB/OL].http://baizhan.net/news/20111015/1537/html.
[12]石守海、高兴勇、巩永孝等.聚能效应在销毁大中口径未爆弹中的应用[J] .军械工程学院学报. 2007,19(6) :39-41
[13]朱爱华.用导爆索和射孔弹销毁废旧军事弹药[J] .爆破.2004,21(3) :75-76.
[14]易建坤，贺五一，吴腾芳，等.高热剂在弹药销毁领域应用初探[J] .工程爆破，Vo.10No.4,2004,21-25
[15]夏鑫.炮弹无人自动拆解系统的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2005.
[16]徐梵城.前混合磨料水射流弹药切割机系统设计及切割模型的研究[D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2011
[17]薛向东.共基质条件下TNT降解菌的选育及其处理效果[J] .新疆环境保护,2005,27(1):41-45
[18]郭新超，金奇庭，黄永勤，等.膜生物法降解TNT弹药销毁废水的重要影响因素[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(6) :406-409.
[19]宋桂飞，李成国，王韶光，等.激光销毁弹药若干问题的研究[J].激光与红外2005,40(9) :932-935.
[20]杜涛.某串联战斗部随进技术研究与实践[D]，南京：南京理工大学.2009
[21]程艳荣，薛政宇，袁德国.聚能效应在机场地下未爆弹排除中的应用[J] .工程爆破Vo.16No.1,2010,78-80
[22]张宝，张庆明，黄风雷.爆轰物理学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社，2001:228-244
[23]金韶华，松全才.炸药理论[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社，2010:313-321
[24]林文州.高能炸药摩擦感度的理论研究[D].绵阳：中国物理研究院，2006.
[25]崔凯华.高能炸药冲击起爆数值模拟[D].绵阳：中国物理研究院，2010.
[26]张先锋,陈惠武,赵有守.射弹冲击引爆带壳炸药数值模拟[J].弹道学报.2005,Vol.17.No.2: 24-27.
[27]F.E.Walker and R.I.Wasley, Critical Energy for Shock Initiation of HeterogeneousExplosives [J].Explosive stoffe 17,4-13,1969
[28]《国外反导舰炮武器系统》编委会.国外反导舰炮武器系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[29]M.Held. Initiation phenomena with Shaped Jets. Proceeding of 9thint .symposium onDetonation,1416-1426,1989
[30]M.Held. discussion of the Experimental Findings from the Initiation of Covered butUnconfined High Explosives Charges with Shaped Jets. Propellants , Explosives,pyrotechniques 12,167-174,1986
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