齿轮箱动态响应分析和噪声预测
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摘要
随着近代工业技术的高度发展,齿轮箱正朝着高速高效和强力方向发展,传动系统传递的功率不断增大,齿轮转速不断加快,使得振动和噪声问题更加尖锐突出。齿轮箱的噪声水平可以从客观上反映其工作状态,因此,噪声可作为齿轮箱运行状态监测的重要指标;同时,随着环境噪声标准的提高,厂家也更加注重齿轮箱出厂前的噪声检测,因此,研究齿轮箱的振动和噪声显得尤为必要。
论文课题以江苏千鹏公司振动试验台齿轮箱为研究对象,建立了该齿轮箱的直齿圆柱齿轮三维接触有限元模型和整个齿轮箱系统有限元模型,对直齿圆柱齿轮进行了接触分析,得到了直齿圆柱齿轮的综合啮合刚度激励,同时对整个齿轮箱系统模型进行了模态分析和动态响应分析,得出了齿轮箱的固有特性和箱体表面的振动响应曲线。通过齿轮箱声压和声强实验,预测了该齿轮箱噪声值,且验证了有限元分析的有效性和准确性。
本文的主要研究工作有:
(1)建立了齿轮啮合三维有限元模型,对其进行了静态接触分析,计算了轮齿啮合的综合刚度激励,得到了轮齿综合刚度啮合曲线;
(2)建立了整个齿轮箱有限元模型,利用ANSYS软件对模型进行了模态分析,确定了齿轮箱及箱体的固有频率和固有振型;
(3)利用ANSYS软件对齿轮箱进行了动态响应分析,确定了齿轮箱箱体表面的振动位移、振动速度、振动加速度;
(4)提出了“以振代噪”齿轮箱噪声预测的新方法,通过齿轮系统实验验证了该方法的准确性和有效性,并通过该方法预测了齿轮箱的噪声值;
(5)对齿轮箱进行了声强实验,运用声模态法确定了齿轮箱噪声源位置,与动态响应分析结果比较,结果基本一致。
The high speed, highly efficiency and brute force will be the final aim of the gearbox with the high development of the modern industrial technologies. Vibration and noise of the gearbox have become a paramount problem increasingly because of the high power and speed of the gears. The noise level of the gearbox reflects objectively the work condition, so noise can be used as a key index to monitoring the running state of it. At the same time, with the development of environmental regulation, producers pay more attention to their product before it leave factory.Therefore, it is very necessary to make a research in the vibration and noise of the gearbox.
In this paper, the gearbox of Jiangsu QianPeng's vibration test-bed is for research, and the 3D FEA model of the spur gear tooth contact and FEA model of the gearbox system are established. The contact analysis of gear tooth is analyzed, and then gears meshing stiffness is obtained. The mode and dynamic response of the gearbox are analyzed, and then the mode of vibration, nature frequency, displacement, speed and acceleration of the gearbox are attained. Through sound pressure and sound intensity experiments of the gearbox, the noise value of the gear box is predicted and the validity and accuracy of the FEA method is verified.
The following are the main tasks of the paper:
1) The 3D FEA model of the spur gear tooth contact is constructed and the static contact analysis of gear tooth is analyzed in the ANSYS, and then gears meshing stiffness is obtained.
2) The FEA model of the gearbox is constructed and the mode of the gearbox is analyzed in ANSYS, and then the mode of vibration and nature frequency of the gearbox are attained.
3) The dynamic response of the gearbox is analyzed in ANSYS, and then the displacement, speed and acceleration of the gearbox are attained.
4) A new method "substituting vibration on noise" for predicting the noise of the gearbox is put forward, and then the veracity and availability is verified by the experiment of the gearbox, and the noise of the gearbox is predicted by this method
5) The intensity experiment is done, and the noise resource is validated by sound mode. Compare to the dynamic response, the results are in assumable agreement.
论文课题以江苏千鹏公司振动试验台齿轮箱为研究对象,建立了该齿轮箱的直齿圆柱齿轮三维接触有限元模型和整个齿轮箱系统有限元模型,对直齿圆柱齿轮进行了接触分析,得到了直齿圆柱齿轮的综合啮合刚度激励,同时对整个齿轮箱系统模型进行了模态分析和动态响应分析,得出了齿轮箱的固有特性和箱体表面的振动响应曲线。通过齿轮箱声压和声强实验,预测了该齿轮箱噪声值,且验证了有限元分析的有效性和准确性。
本文的主要研究工作有:
(1)建立了齿轮啮合三维有限元模型,对其进行了静态接触分析,计算了轮齿啮合的综合刚度激励,得到了轮齿综合刚度啮合曲线;
(2)建立了整个齿轮箱有限元模型,利用ANSYS软件对模型进行了模态分析,确定了齿轮箱及箱体的固有频率和固有振型;
(3)利用ANSYS软件对齿轮箱进行了动态响应分析,确定了齿轮箱箱体表面的振动位移、振动速度、振动加速度;
(4)提出了“以振代噪”齿轮箱噪声预测的新方法,通过齿轮系统实验验证了该方法的准确性和有效性,并通过该方法预测了齿轮箱的噪声值;
(5)对齿轮箱进行了声强实验,运用声模态法确定了齿轮箱噪声源位置,与动态响应分析结果比较,结果基本一致。
The high speed, highly efficiency and brute force will be the final aim of the gearbox with the high development of the modern industrial technologies. Vibration and noise of the gearbox have become a paramount problem increasingly because of the high power and speed of the gears. The noise level of the gearbox reflects objectively the work condition, so noise can be used as a key index to monitoring the running state of it. At the same time, with the development of environmental regulation, producers pay more attention to their product before it leave factory.Therefore, it is very necessary to make a research in the vibration and noise of the gearbox.
In this paper, the gearbox of Jiangsu QianPeng's vibration test-bed is for research, and the 3D FEA model of the spur gear tooth contact and FEA model of the gearbox system are established. The contact analysis of gear tooth is analyzed, and then gears meshing stiffness is obtained. The mode and dynamic response of the gearbox are analyzed, and then the mode of vibration, nature frequency, displacement, speed and acceleration of the gearbox are attained. Through sound pressure and sound intensity experiments of the gearbox, the noise value of the gear box is predicted and the validity and accuracy of the FEA method is verified.
The following are the main tasks of the paper:
1) The 3D FEA model of the spur gear tooth contact is constructed and the static contact analysis of gear tooth is analyzed in the ANSYS, and then gears meshing stiffness is obtained.
2) The FEA model of the gearbox is constructed and the mode of the gearbox is analyzed in ANSYS, and then the mode of vibration and nature frequency of the gearbox are attained.
3) The dynamic response of the gearbox is analyzed in ANSYS, and then the displacement, speed and acceleration of the gearbox are attained.
4) A new method "substituting vibration on noise" for predicting the noise of the gearbox is put forward, and then the veracity and availability is verified by the experiment of the gearbox, and the noise of the gearbox is predicted by this method
5) The intensity experiment is done, and the noise resource is validated by sound mode. Compare to the dynamic response, the results are in assumable agreement.
引文
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[3]王建军,李润方.齿轮系统动力学的理论体系.中国机械工程,1998,9(12):55-58.
[4]李润方,龚剑霞.接触问题数值方法及其在机械设计中的应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991.
[5]B.M.Bahgat,M.O.Osman and T.S.Snakar.On the Spur Gear Dynamic Tooth Load under Consideration of System Elasticity and Tooth Involutes Profile.Transactions of ASME,Journal of Mechanisms Transmissions,and Automation in Design.1983,(105):302-309.
[6]刘茂武,孟惠荣.重载摆线齿轮传动的接触问题分析及其三维有限元计算.机械传动,1994,18(1):11-16.
[7]J.S.Chen,F.L.Litvin,A.AShabana.Computerized Simulation of Meshing and Contact of Loaded Gear Drives.Proc,Inter Gearing' 94,1994:161-166.
[8]李剑锋,张准,王寿佑.圆柱斜齿轮多齿对祸合瞬时啮合刚度的有限元分析.济南大学学报,1994,4(1):69-73.
[9]张建云,丘大谋一种求解直齿圆柱齿轮啮合刚度的方法.西安建筑科技大学学报,1996,28(2):134-137.
[10]武宝林,邵家辉,孟惠荣.圆弧齿轮传动中啮合振动方程研究.机械科学与技术,1996,15(4):478-480.
[11]常山,徐振忠,霍肇波等.斜齿圆柱齿轮瞬时啮合刚度及齿廓修形的研究.热能动力工程1997,12(4):270-274.
[12]朱坚民,周福章,雷静桃.渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮弹性变形的三维有限元分析.农业机械学报,1998,29(4):113-117.
[13]刘辉,吴昌林,杨叔子.支承系统变形对斜齿轮承载特性的影响.华中理工大学学报,1998,26(11):72-74.
[14]杨生华,王统.齿轮轮齿变形中的接触有限元仿真分析.煤矿机械,1999,8:9-11.
[15]Barlam D,Zahavi E.The reliability of solutions in contact problems.Comp&Struct,1999,70:35-45
[16]林腾蛟,李润方,朱才朝等.斜齿轮的齿面载荷及啮合刚度数值分析.机械工艺师,2000,10:30-31.
[17]孙智民,沈允文,李素有.封闭行星齿轮传动系统的扭振特性研究.航空动力学报,2001,16(2):163-166.
[18]刘景军.斜齿轮啮合刚度的计算.武汉工程职业技术学院学报,2001,13(2):33-36.
[19]唐进元,颜海燕.线外啮合齿轮传动啮合刚度计算.机械传动,2002,26(4):22-24.
[20]王三民,沈允文,董海军.含间隙和时变啮合刚度的弧齿锥齿轮传动系统非线性振动特性研究.机械工程学报,2003,39(2):28-32.
[21]李涛,覃文洁,王超.车辆传动轴系动态激励及其响应的仿真研究.机械传动,2005,29(5):16-18.
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