MEMS层叠式微带贴片天线的建模、分析
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摘要
微带天线具有许多优点，如体积小、重量轻、剖面薄、容易与载体共形、与集成电路的兼容性好、易于大批量制作等，在近几十年来得到了广泛的应用。对微带天线的研究必将为无线通信系统的发展带来深远的影响。通常微带贴片天线的频带较窄，而利用微电子机械系统（MEMS）技术制作具有多层介质和贴片结构的微带天线，可以有效地扩展天线的带宽。本论文的主要工作即是寻求一种好的方法来求解这类复杂结构微带天线的三维电磁场分布问题，分析天线的特性。
本论文利用时域有限差分（FDTD）法，对一种新型的MEMS层叠式微带贴片天线进行了精确的时域仿真。FDTD法可以较精确地处理具有不规则形状和不同介质分界面的复杂结构；对不同方向的FDTD网格边界实施了具有不同精度的边界吸收条件，使计算更“经济”；采用了一种简单有效的激励源设置方法，使前端表面无需进行特殊处理, 同时，避免了前端表面和其附近的直流畸变的问题；利用时域解得到的丰富的电磁场信息，给电磁波在天线上的传播绘制出了清晰的图像，有助于直观地理解天线工作的物理过程；通过对时域计算的结果进行一次傅里叶变换，求得了天线在频域上的特征参量，从而有助于了解天线在宽频域内的辐射特性，FDTD计算与经验公式计算值取得了较好的一致，并与实验测试值符合得较好，证明这种计算方法用于新型MEMS微带天线的分析是行之有效的。
本论文将FDTD法应用于MEMS微带天线的仿真分析，有效地节约了存储空间和计算时间，取得了较好的效果，显示了FDTD法用于分析复杂结构微带贴片天线的有效性和优越性
The popularity of microstrip antennas has steadily increased over the past decades, due to a number of advantages such as small volume, low weight, low profile, conformability with existing structures, compatibility with integrated circuits and ease of fabrication. The research of microstrip will give far-reaching impact on radio communication systems. Usually the frequency bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna is relatively narrow. However, it can be effectively broadened with the employment of the micro-electro-mechanism systems technique to fabricate microstrip antenna with multilayer dielectric substrates and patch. Therefore the main work in this dissertation is to calculate the electromagnetic field components' three dimension distributions of this kind of complicated structure antenna and analyzing the antenna's characteristics.
The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the accurate simulation of MEMS multilayer microstrip patch antenna. The FDTD method allows rigorous treatment of complicated structures such as unregulated shape or dielectric interface. To make the algorithm inexpensive to implement, the absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) in different propagating directions are treated with various precision. With a simple and efficient excitation scheme for the microstrip antenna, the near-end terminal needn't any special treatment. In addition, no dc source distortions are induced on the source plane and nearby. Using abundant information offering in time domain, the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields on the antenna can be plotted, which makes it easy to understand the antenna's physical working procession. At the same time, the frequency dependence of the relevant parameters can readily be found using the Fourier transform of the transient current. The numerical results obtained by the FDTD method are compared with experimental results, and the comparison shows excellent agreement, proving the effectiveness of analysis on the MEMS microstrip antenna.
The application of the FDTD method to imitation and analysis of the MEMS microstrip antenna effectually saves memories and the computing time. It consequently achieves preferable purpose. As a result, it shows the validity and superiority of the algorithm in analyzing complicate microstrip patch antennas
本论文利用时域有限差分（FDTD）法，对一种新型的MEMS层叠式微带贴片天线进行了精确的时域仿真。FDTD法可以较精确地处理具有不规则形状和不同介质分界面的复杂结构；对不同方向的FDTD网格边界实施了具有不同精度的边界吸收条件，使计算更“经济”；采用了一种简单有效的激励源设置方法，使前端表面无需进行特殊处理, 同时，避免了前端表面和其附近的直流畸变的问题；利用时域解得到的丰富的电磁场信息，给电磁波在天线上的传播绘制出了清晰的图像，有助于直观地理解天线工作的物理过程；通过对时域计算的结果进行一次傅里叶变换，求得了天线在频域上的特征参量，从而有助于了解天线在宽频域内的辐射特性，FDTD计算与经验公式计算值取得了较好的一致，并与实验测试值符合得较好，证明这种计算方法用于新型MEMS微带天线的分析是行之有效的。
本论文将FDTD法应用于MEMS微带天线的仿真分析，有效地节约了存储空间和计算时间，取得了较好的效果，显示了FDTD法用于分析复杂结构微带贴片天线的有效性和优越性
The popularity of microstrip antennas has steadily increased over the past decades, due to a number of advantages such as small volume, low weight, low profile, conformability with existing structures, compatibility with integrated circuits and ease of fabrication. The research of microstrip will give far-reaching impact on radio communication systems. Usually the frequency bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna is relatively narrow. However, it can be effectively broadened with the employment of the micro-electro-mechanism systems technique to fabricate microstrip antenna with multilayer dielectric substrates and patch. Therefore the main work in this dissertation is to calculate the electromagnetic field components' three dimension distributions of this kind of complicated structure antenna and analyzing the antenna's characteristics.
The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the accurate simulation of MEMS multilayer microstrip patch antenna. The FDTD method allows rigorous treatment of complicated structures such as unregulated shape or dielectric interface. To make the algorithm inexpensive to implement, the absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) in different propagating directions are treated with various precision. With a simple and efficient excitation scheme for the microstrip antenna, the near-end terminal needn't any special treatment. In addition, no dc source distortions are induced on the source plane and nearby. Using abundant information offering in time domain, the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields on the antenna can be plotted, which makes it easy to understand the antenna's physical working procession. At the same time, the frequency dependence of the relevant parameters can readily be found using the Fourier transform of the transient current. The numerical results obtained by the FDTD method are compared with experimental results, and the comparison shows excellent agreement, proving the effectiveness of analysis on the MEMS microstrip antenna.
The application of the FDTD method to imitation and analysis of the MEMS microstrip antenna effectually saves memories and the computing time. It consequently achieves preferable purpose. As a result, it shows the validity and superiority of the algorithm in analyzing complicate microstrip patch antennas
引文
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[3] G.Kumar, Directly Coupled Multiple Resonator Wideband Microstrip Antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1985,33(3):588～593
[4] K.R.Garver, Microstrip Antenna Technology. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat.,1988,36(11): 1519～1525
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[7] 刘泽文,李志坚,刘理天﹒用于通信领域中的MEMES器件﹒电子科技导报﹒1999.7: 23～27
[8] 张兴，郝一龙，李志宏，王阳元﹒跨世纪的新技术-微机电系统（MEMS）﹒电子科技导报﹒1999.4: 2～6
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[12] Z.J.Yao, S.Chen, S.Eshelman, et al., Micromachined Low-Loss Microwave Switches. IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 1999,8(2): 129～134
[13] M.Kim, J.B.Hacher, R.E.Mihailovich, et al., A Monolithic MEMS Switch Dual-Path Power Amplifier. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2001, 11(7): 285～287
[14] R.E.Mihailovich, M.Kim, J.B.Hacker, et al., MEM Relay for Reconfigurable RF Circuits. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2001, 11(2): 53～55
[15] J.G.Yook, L.P.B. Katchi, Micromachined Microstrip Patch Antenna with Controlled Mutual Coupling and Surface Waves. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., 2001, 49(9): 1282～1289
[16] 金纯，许光辰，孙睿﹒蓝牙技术﹒第一版﹒北京﹒电子工业出版社﹒2001.3
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[18] V.Vigayak, W.O. Keese, C.Lam, A 2.4GHz Radio Solution for Bluetooth and Wireless Home
Networking. Electronic Engineering, 2001, 73(889): 42～43
[19] K.S.Yee, Numerical Solution of Initial Boundary Value Problems Involving Maxwell's Equations in Isotropic Media. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., 1966,14(5): 302～307
[20] 王长清,祝西里﹒电磁场计算中的时域有限差分法﹒第一版﹒北京﹒北京大学出版社.1994.12
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[23] X. Zhang and K. K. Mei, Time-Domain Finite Difference Approach to the Calculation of Frequency-Dependent Characteristics of Microstrip Discontinuities. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1988, 36(12): 1775～1783
[24] Reineix, B. Jecko, Analysis of Mircostrip Patch Antennas Using Finite Difference Time Domain Method. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1989,37(11): 1361～1369
[25] A.Taflove, K.R.Umashankar, The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FD-TD) Method for Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Scattering. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 1989,25(4): 3086～3091
[26] W.L.Ko, R.Mittra, A Combination of FD-TD and Prony's Methods for Analyzing Microwave Integrated Circuits. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1991,39(12): 2176～2181
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