黑方台黄土斜坡变形过程数值模拟
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摘要
甘肃省黑方台地区黄土滑坡大量发育,且具有发生频率高、破坏性大等特点,对该地区人民的正常生产生活产生了严重的影响,同时也制约着当地社会经济的建设与发展。因此,研究本地区黄土滑坡的变形破坏过程及其演化规律,对滑坡的发生-发展做出科学的预测,并根据实际情况提出相应的治理措施,具有十分重要的实际意义。
本文以黑方台台缘的黄土滑坡为主要研究对象,在掌握分析该区地质环境条件的基础上,通过野外现场的实际调查、测量以及室内的统计分析,通过运用FLAC3D有限差分模拟软件,计算分析了黑方台焦家地区黄土滑坡的实际变形破坏过程。经过研究和计算,主要结论有以下几点：
(1)黑方台台缘主要分布黄土滑坡和黄土-基岩滑坡两大类,且分别占总滑坡数的60%和40%。
(2)无论是黄土滑坡还是黄土基岩滑坡,滑坡后缘裂缝是该地区滑坡灾害的显著特征,且裂缝的总体统计规律跟整个地区滑坡的分布规律有一定的相似联系性。裂缝特征参数值：裂缝距缘边的距离、裂缝延伸长度、裂缝宽度、裂缝深度、普遍具有“抛物线”形式的分布规律。黄土-基岩滑坡后缘裂缝以平行于滑坡缘边的“一”字型裂缝为主,且分布范围比较广,往往可达距缘边50m处,而黄土滑坡后缘裂缝主要集中在距缘边30m的范围内,其分布纵横交错,以“Z”字型裂缝和“W”型裂缝为主,后缘裂缝的发育规律与滑坡具体的形式以及发生条件具有十分密切的联系。
(3)运用FLAC3D模拟软件对黄土滑坡进行建模分析,分析了黄土滑坡的变形破坏过程,得出了滑坡在变形过程中其岩土体的应力应变曲线、破坏区域剪应变变形特征、速度变化曲线、位移曲线等相关变形特征,黄土滑坡的模拟分析结果与实际情况基本符合,结合黄土滑坡缘边后缘裂缝的发育情况,得出焦家崖头地区黄土滑坡目前仍处于欠稳定状态。
(4)针对黑方台黄土滑坡发育特征及其诱发因素,提出了相应的防治措施。
Lots of loss landslides have developed in Heifangtai of Gansu Province, which have seriously affected local people's normal production, life and local socio-economy for the characteristics of high frequency and destructive, it has very important practical significance to research on the deformation process and its evolution regularity of the loess landslides, and making scientific prediction to the development of landslides in order to put forward corresponding measures according to actual situation in the area.
According to the landslides disasters around the Heifangtai platform as the research object, based on the analysis of geological environment, through the actual investigation and mensuration of field and the statistical analysis, calculating and analyzing the acaul failure process of loess landslide in Heifangtai area by FLAC3D. Through the research and calculation, the main conclusions are as follows:
Firstly, loess landslides and loess-bedrock landslides developde around the platform, which account for60%and40%respectively.
Secondly, the Landslide edge cracks are characteristic of the landslides disasters in Heifangtai area, whether loess landslides or loess-bedrock landslides, and the overall statistical regularity of cracks also has a certain similarity contact with the distribution regularity of landslides in the area, fracture characteristic of the crack:the distance of the crack from edge*the extension length of crack, the width of crack, the depth of crack, and the overall distribution of crack, have a parabolic potential regularities of distribution generally. The "line styled cracks" which are parallel to the edge of landslides are dominated in loess-bedrock landslides, it has wide distribution range, often up to50meters away from the edge, while the edge cracks of Loess landslides are mainly concentrated in within30meters of the edge, and have criss-crossing distribution with the style of "Z" and "W", the regularity of development of edge cracks has a very close relationship with the concrete forms and conditions of landslides.
Thirdly, though the modeling analysis of loess landslide by FLAG3D, researching its deformation and failure process, obtaining the curve of stress-strain, the shear strain deformation characteristics of failure region, the curves of speed, the displacement curve of the soil in the failure progess of landslide and so on. The result of the modeling analysis of loess landslide is largely in line with the actual situation. We have a conclusion that the loess landslides in the area of jiaojia are understabled combined with the development situation of the edge cracks of loess landslides.
Finally, we put forward the corresponding prevention measures according to the development characteristics and inducing factors of loess landslides in Hefangtai area.
本文以黑方台台缘的黄土滑坡为主要研究对象,在掌握分析该区地质环境条件的基础上,通过野外现场的实际调查、测量以及室内的统计分析,通过运用FLAC3D有限差分模拟软件,计算分析了黑方台焦家地区黄土滑坡的实际变形破坏过程。经过研究和计算,主要结论有以下几点：
(1)黑方台台缘主要分布黄土滑坡和黄土-基岩滑坡两大类,且分别占总滑坡数的60%和40%。
(2)无论是黄土滑坡还是黄土基岩滑坡,滑坡后缘裂缝是该地区滑坡灾害的显著特征,且裂缝的总体统计规律跟整个地区滑坡的分布规律有一定的相似联系性。裂缝特征参数值：裂缝距缘边的距离、裂缝延伸长度、裂缝宽度、裂缝深度、普遍具有“抛物线”形式的分布规律。黄土-基岩滑坡后缘裂缝以平行于滑坡缘边的“一”字型裂缝为主,且分布范围比较广,往往可达距缘边50m处,而黄土滑坡后缘裂缝主要集中在距缘边30m的范围内,其分布纵横交错,以“Z”字型裂缝和“W”型裂缝为主,后缘裂缝的发育规律与滑坡具体的形式以及发生条件具有十分密切的联系。
(3)运用FLAC3D模拟软件对黄土滑坡进行建模分析,分析了黄土滑坡的变形破坏过程,得出了滑坡在变形过程中其岩土体的应力应变曲线、破坏区域剪应变变形特征、速度变化曲线、位移曲线等相关变形特征,黄土滑坡的模拟分析结果与实际情况基本符合,结合黄土滑坡缘边后缘裂缝的发育情况,得出焦家崖头地区黄土滑坡目前仍处于欠稳定状态。
(4)针对黑方台黄土滑坡发育特征及其诱发因素,提出了相应的防治措施。
Lots of loss landslides have developed in Heifangtai of Gansu Province, which have seriously affected local people's normal production, life and local socio-economy for the characteristics of high frequency and destructive, it has very important practical significance to research on the deformation process and its evolution regularity of the loess landslides, and making scientific prediction to the development of landslides in order to put forward corresponding measures according to actual situation in the area.
According to the landslides disasters around the Heifangtai platform as the research object, based on the analysis of geological environment, through the actual investigation and mensuration of field and the statistical analysis, calculating and analyzing the acaul failure process of loess landslide in Heifangtai area by FLAC3D. Through the research and calculation, the main conclusions are as follows:
Firstly, loess landslides and loess-bedrock landslides developde around the platform, which account for60%and40%respectively.
Secondly, the Landslide edge cracks are characteristic of the landslides disasters in Heifangtai area, whether loess landslides or loess-bedrock landslides, and the overall statistical regularity of cracks also has a certain similarity contact with the distribution regularity of landslides in the area, fracture characteristic of the crack:the distance of the crack from edge*the extension length of crack, the width of crack, the depth of crack, and the overall distribution of crack, have a parabolic potential regularities of distribution generally. The "line styled cracks" which are parallel to the edge of landslides are dominated in loess-bedrock landslides, it has wide distribution range, often up to50meters away from the edge, while the edge cracks of Loess landslides are mainly concentrated in within30meters of the edge, and have criss-crossing distribution with the style of "Z" and "W", the regularity of development of edge cracks has a very close relationship with the concrete forms and conditions of landslides.
Thirdly, though the modeling analysis of loess landslide by FLAG3D, researching its deformation and failure process, obtaining the curve of stress-strain, the shear strain deformation characteristics of failure region, the curves of speed, the displacement curve of the soil in the failure progess of landslide and so on. The result of the modeling analysis of loess landslide is largely in line with the actual situation. We have a conclusion that the loess landslides in the area of jiaojia are understabled combined with the development situation of the edge cracks of loess landslides.
Finally, we put forward the corresponding prevention measures according to the development characteristics and inducing factors of loess landslides in Hefangtai area.
引文
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