混合天然牧草青贮最适条件筛选研究
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摘要
本论文以锡林郭勒盟典型草原天然牧草为研究对象,进行了天然牧草青贮关键技术的研究,最终筛选确定适合天然牧草青贮的方式方法和关键工艺条件。
(1)就天然牧草含水量、贮藏密度和外源青贮添加剂等关键影响因素,设计了三因素四水平的青贮试验。通过对比分析不同水平天然牧草青贮饲料的感官品质、主要微生物数量构成、发酵品质、营养成分和贮成率等指标,筛选适合试验区天然草地牧草青贮时的原料含水量、贮藏密度和外源添加剂使用量等工艺参数。结果表明:①天然牧草在含水量为65%～70%范围内青贮,青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质较好,贮成率较高,还可有效的保存青贮料中的营养成份,青贮料的饲用价值较高。②天然牧草青贮密度在350～400kg/m3范围内时,青贮料的感官评定、有机酸评定得分及贮成率显著高于其他水平,营养成份损失较少,纤维类物质的含量较低,可消化营养物质的含量显著高于其他水平。③添加菌剂有效地提高了天然牧草青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质、贮成率,并保存了青贮料中的营养成份。菌剂添加量0.50g/kg可消化营养物含量相对较高。
(2)进行切短(4～6cm)青贮对比试验。同时,探索了天然牧草青贮饲料最佳饲喂利用时间。结果表明:将天然牧草切短青贮,青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质及营养成分含量无显著变化。天然牧草青贮料的最佳利用时间应在青贮35～120天之间。
This paper was took the native grass in Xilinguole League typical prairie as the study object. The native grass silage key technology was studied and the suitable means and key technological conditions for silage were selected in the end.
(1) For the key influencing factors of native grass such as moisture content, storage density and extraneous source additive, three levels and four factors was designed in this silage test. By comparing and analyzing these indexes such as sensory quality, major microorganism quantity composition, ferment quality, nutritional ingredients and silage success ratio of the native grass silage in different levels, the technical parameters such as raw materials moisture content, storage density and additive usage amount that suit for native grass silage in experimental area were screened. The results showed that:①Ensilage the native grass when its moisture content was from 65%～70%, the silage grass not only has better sensory quality, better fermentation and higher silage success ratio, but also can preserve the nutritional ingredients effectively and make the silage grass has higher feeding value.②When the silage density was in the range of 350 ~ 400 kg/m3, the score of silage grass sensory evaluation and organic acids, digest nutrient and silage success ratio were significantly higher than that of other level. Meanwhile, it has less loss of nutrients and lower fiber material content.③The additive can effectively improved the native grass silage sensory quality, fermentation quality, silage success ratio and preserve the nutrient ingredient of the silage grass. The digestible nutrient content was relatively high when the fungi amount was 0.50g/kg.
(2) Make the test that cut the grass into pieces for silage and explore the best feeding time of native grass silage at the same time. The results showed that: cut the native grass into pieces for silage, the grass sensory quality, fermentation quality and nutrition components haven’t change significantly. The best use of time for native grass silage material was between 35-120 days after ensilaged.
(1)就天然牧草含水量、贮藏密度和外源青贮添加剂等关键影响因素,设计了三因素四水平的青贮试验。通过对比分析不同水平天然牧草青贮饲料的感官品质、主要微生物数量构成、发酵品质、营养成分和贮成率等指标,筛选适合试验区天然草地牧草青贮时的原料含水量、贮藏密度和外源添加剂使用量等工艺参数。结果表明:①天然牧草在含水量为65%～70%范围内青贮,青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质较好,贮成率较高,还可有效的保存青贮料中的营养成份,青贮料的饲用价值较高。②天然牧草青贮密度在350～400kg/m3范围内时,青贮料的感官评定、有机酸评定得分及贮成率显著高于其他水平,营养成份损失较少,纤维类物质的含量较低,可消化营养物质的含量显著高于其他水平。③添加菌剂有效地提高了天然牧草青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质、贮成率,并保存了青贮料中的营养成份。菌剂添加量0.50g/kg可消化营养物含量相对较高。
(2)进行切短(4～6cm)青贮对比试验。同时,探索了天然牧草青贮饲料最佳饲喂利用时间。结果表明:将天然牧草切短青贮,青贮料的感官品质、发酵品质及营养成分含量无显著变化。天然牧草青贮料的最佳利用时间应在青贮35～120天之间。
This paper was took the native grass in Xilinguole League typical prairie as the study object. The native grass silage key technology was studied and the suitable means and key technological conditions for silage were selected in the end.
(1) For the key influencing factors of native grass such as moisture content, storage density and extraneous source additive, three levels and four factors was designed in this silage test. By comparing and analyzing these indexes such as sensory quality, major microorganism quantity composition, ferment quality, nutritional ingredients and silage success ratio of the native grass silage in different levels, the technical parameters such as raw materials moisture content, storage density and additive usage amount that suit for native grass silage in experimental area were screened. The results showed that:①Ensilage the native grass when its moisture content was from 65%～70%, the silage grass not only has better sensory quality, better fermentation and higher silage success ratio, but also can preserve the nutritional ingredients effectively and make the silage grass has higher feeding value.②When the silage density was in the range of 350 ~ 400 kg/m3, the score of silage grass sensory evaluation and organic acids, digest nutrient and silage success ratio were significantly higher than that of other level. Meanwhile, it has less loss of nutrients and lower fiber material content.③The additive can effectively improved the native grass silage sensory quality, fermentation quality, silage success ratio and preserve the nutrient ingredient of the silage grass. The digestible nutrient content was relatively high when the fungi amount was 0.50g/kg.
(2) Make the test that cut the grass into pieces for silage and explore the best feeding time of native grass silage at the same time. The results showed that: cut the native grass into pieces for silage, the grass sensory quality, fermentation quality and nutrition components haven’t change significantly. The best use of time for native grass silage material was between 35-120 days after ensilaged.
引文
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2 张国敏.用牧草实现青贮的发展前景[J].绿色浪潮,2004,5:12-14
3 陈功.牧草捆裹青贮技术及其在我国的应用前景[J].中国草地,2001,(01):17-20
4 赵萌莉,许志信.内蒙古草地资源合理利用与草地畜牧业持续发展[J].资源科学, 2000,(01)74-79
5 雷明刚.我国草地现状及合理利用.江西畜牧兽医杂志[J].1997,(4):43-45
6 宝祥,王晶杰.内蒙古草原现状与动态研究[J].内蒙古草业,2005,17(4):9-11
7 草地畜牧业以及草原生态保护的调研及建议(1)—禁牧舍饲、季节性休牧和划区轮牧[J]. 内蒙古草业,2005,(01)25-28
8 段淳清.内蒙古草地资源现状及其可持续利用对策[J].内蒙古草业,2006,18(3):21-25
9 肖力宏,宝音陶格涛,刘海林.草地退化的原因及草地改良的研究[J].科学管理研究,2004,
22(2):27-29.
10 阿拉塔,白春利,莲花.内蒙古草地畜牧业现状及发展对策[J].畜牧与饲料科学.2006,(5)
79-80
11 龙文兴,杨小波,戚美英中国牧草研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2006,26(2)70-76
12 王利民,姜怀志,姚纪元,娄玉杰.我国北方草地的现状和可持续发展对策[J].家畜生态,2004,
25(2):4-7
14 张秀芬.饲草饲料加工与贮藏[M].中国农业出版社,1994.5-66
13 李金花,潘浩文.内蒙古草原退化原因的初探[J].草业科学,2004,21(5):49-51
15 玉柱,贾玉山,张秀芬.牧草加工贮藏与利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.8-70
16 周治云,李昌桂.枚草高效生产与加工技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社.1996.23-53
17 李向林.饲草饲料的利用与发展对策.饲料与畜牧[J],2000,(3):33-35
18 胡跃高.饲料资源概念及其平衡判断,家畜生态[J] 1993,(2):12-17
19 Weinberg Z G,Ashbell G.Engineering aspects of ensiling[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,l3 (2003),181-188.
20 Kirstein. Das Wirtschaftseigene Futter,1963,9: 54-65
21 Kung L Jr, A C Sheperd, A M Smagala, et al.The effect of preservatives based on propionic acid on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage and a total mixed ration.J.Dairy Sci.1998,81:1322-1330
22 WilieinsonJ M.Silage UK(6thed.)Chalcotnbe Publ,Church Lane,Kingston, Canterbury, Kent,UK, 1990:97-106
23 McDonald P, Henderson A R,Heron S J E. The Biochemistry of Silage (2ne ed). Abcrsytwyth,UK: Chalcombe Pub 1, 1991:102-119
24 McDonald P,et al. The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcombe Publications. Cambrian Printers,1991:
81-136
25 Broderick G A. Desirable characteris#ics of forage legumes for improving protein utilization in ruminants J. Anim. Sci, 1995, 73: 2760-2773
26 Bnchanan,R.B,et al.Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 8th ED.Williams and Wilkins CO.Baltimore.1974:298-307
27 吴进发,杨树良,丁军,刘忠元等.小叶章牧草青贮试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 1984(,9):35-37
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