海浪河下游真菌群落结构及理化因子相关性初步分析
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摘要
本研究选择海浪河下游为研究区段,根据流域受污染情况设置了10个采样点,于2009年3月至2010年1月采集水及底泥样品,运用常规微生物分离方法等研究方法对该流域水生真菌群落结构进行研究,同时对相应的水环境理化因子进行检测和分析。采用SPSS Statistics 17.0软件、Pearson相关分析法、Shannon-Wiener指数法对海浪河真菌多样性指数与环境因子进行相关分析,探讨真菌群落结构与理化因子的相关性,为该地区的保护和治理以及生态修复提供科学参考依据。
调查期间共采集、分离鉴定出真菌32种,隶属5目7科13属,其中24株鉴定到种,8株鉴定到属。真菌种类数：曲霉属15种；青霉属6种；木霉属2种；根霉属、酵母属、显革菌属、梨孢霉属、链格孢属、小孢霉属、地霉属、尾孢菌属、卵形孢霉属、水栉霉属各1种。优势真菌共16种,包括黑曲霉(Aspergillus nig)、两形头曲霉(Aspergillus janus)、烟曲霉原变种(Aspergillus fumigatus var fumigatus)、根霉未定种(Rhizopus sp.)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、小孢霉未定种(Microsporum gruby sp.)、啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黄曲霉原变种(Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr.var.flavus)、局限曲霉(Aspergillus restrictus)青霉属未定种(Penicillium sp.)、托姆青霉(Penicillium thomii)、炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)、杨奇青梅(Penicillium janczewskii)、塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)和水栉霉(Leptomitus agardh)。
海浪河下游水体真菌种类受季节影响波动明显,代表冬季的2009年3月和11月分离出的真菌种数最多,分别为32种和31种；种数最少的是代表夏季的2009年7月,共分离出真菌21种。海浪河流域真菌数量时空分布情况表明,5月份真菌数量最多,1月份最少；从水平分布情况上看,1“海浪河大桥、7#海浪河入口牡丹江下游2km、8#英雄桥、9#河夹大坝上游300m、10#河夹大坝上游100m处真菌数量较多,5#河夹大坝、4#海南桥、3“海浪河入口牡丹江上游2km真菌数量较少。
真菌多样性分析表明,海浪河下游真菌Shannon-Wiener指数全年在0.00-2.20之间,以2010年1月最高,平均值为1.79,2009年9月最低,平均值为0.72。从空间分布情况上看,5#河夹大坝多样性指数最高,全年平均值为1.36；其次是9#河夹大坝上游300m,全年平均值为1.24；最低值为2#海浪河口内,全年平均值为0.60,其它样点波动性不明显。
通过真菌多样性指数与环境因子的相关性分析可知,真菌多样性与河流温度变化极显著相关,与磷含量呈显著相关；真菌多样性指数与磷含量变化成显著相关,与氮变化无相关性。真菌数量与河流的温度、流速、Fe3+,氮,磷,COD变化做相关分析表明,全年5个月检测的真菌总量变化与河流的温度、流速、Fe3+,氮,磷,COD变化没有相关性。
This thesis experiments with Hejiacun section in Hailang area of Mudanjiang River, collected samples from ten typical sampling stations in March, May, July, September, November 2009 and January 2010, by means of molecular biology research to study the diversity of fungi which grow in this area. Fungi community structure and biodiversity were examined with multivariate and analysis of the correlated water environmental physical and chemical factors, discussed based on results of SPSS Statistics 17.0, Pearson analysis, and Shannon-Wiener index. This paper aimed to provide a guideline of environmental administration and protection, and restoration of the ecosystem in Hailang River of Mudanjiang.
From samples collected in Hejiacun section of Hailang River area,32 species of fungi were isolated, belonging to 5 Order,7 Family,13 Genus, among which 24 species were identified to species rate,8 species were identified to genus rate.15 species belonged to Aspergillus,6 species belonged to Penicillium,2 species belonged to Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Phanerochaete, Piricaulalia, Alternaria Nees, Microsporum gruby, Geotrichum Link, Cercospora Fres, Oospora and Leptomitus contented 1 species each.
Total of dominant fungi was 16, including Aspergillus nig, Aspergillusjanus, Aspergillus fumigatus var fumigates, Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, Microsporum gruby sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. var. flavus, Aspergillus restrictus, Penicillium sp., Penicillium thomii, Aspergillus carbonarius, Penicillium janczewskii, Aspergillus tubingensis, Leptomitus agardh.
The results showed that fungi communities in Hailang River fluctuated with season significantly. Total of species isolated in March、November 2009 represent winter was 33 and 31, which were the most among all the year; the least of the whole year was 21, which was isolated in July 2009 represented summer. Fungi biomass distributed the most in May 2009, the least in January 2010; spatial distribution showed fungi biomass in sampling station 1,7,8,9, 10 higher than in 5,4,3.
The whole year diversity index showed that Shanno-Wiener index was from 0.00 to 2.20, the index reached 1.79 in Jan.2010 which was the highest of the whole year, while the lowest was 0.72 in Sep.2009. From the spatial distribution of Shanno-Wiener index, sampling station 5,9 highest and 2 lowest.
Correlation analysis showed fungi diversity significant related with water temperature、P content; Shanno-Wiener index of fungi significant related with P diversification, unrelated with N diversification. The result of relational analysis of fungi biomass with environmental factors showed total biomass unrelated with water temperature, speed, Fe3+, N, P, COD.
调查期间共采集、分离鉴定出真菌32种,隶属5目7科13属,其中24株鉴定到种,8株鉴定到属。真菌种类数：曲霉属15种；青霉属6种；木霉属2种；根霉属、酵母属、显革菌属、梨孢霉属、链格孢属、小孢霉属、地霉属、尾孢菌属、卵形孢霉属、水栉霉属各1种。优势真菌共16种,包括黑曲霉(Aspergillus nig)、两形头曲霉(Aspergillus janus)、烟曲霉原变种(Aspergillus fumigatus var fumigatus)、根霉未定种(Rhizopus sp.)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、小孢霉未定种(Microsporum gruby sp.)、啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黄曲霉原变种(Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr.var.flavus)、局限曲霉(Aspergillus restrictus)青霉属未定种(Penicillium sp.)、托姆青霉(Penicillium thomii)、炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)、杨奇青梅(Penicillium janczewskii)、塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)和水栉霉(Leptomitus agardh)。
海浪河下游水体真菌种类受季节影响波动明显,代表冬季的2009年3月和11月分离出的真菌种数最多,分别为32种和31种；种数最少的是代表夏季的2009年7月,共分离出真菌21种。海浪河流域真菌数量时空分布情况表明,5月份真菌数量最多,1月份最少；从水平分布情况上看,1“海浪河大桥、7#海浪河入口牡丹江下游2km、8#英雄桥、9#河夹大坝上游300m、10#河夹大坝上游100m处真菌数量较多,5#河夹大坝、4#海南桥、3“海浪河入口牡丹江上游2km真菌数量较少。
真菌多样性分析表明,海浪河下游真菌Shannon-Wiener指数全年在0.00-2.20之间,以2010年1月最高,平均值为1.79,2009年9月最低,平均值为0.72。从空间分布情况上看,5#河夹大坝多样性指数最高,全年平均值为1.36；其次是9#河夹大坝上游300m,全年平均值为1.24；最低值为2#海浪河口内,全年平均值为0.60,其它样点波动性不明显。
通过真菌多样性指数与环境因子的相关性分析可知,真菌多样性与河流温度变化极显著相关,与磷含量呈显著相关；真菌多样性指数与磷含量变化成显著相关,与氮变化无相关性。真菌数量与河流的温度、流速、Fe3+,氮,磷,COD变化做相关分析表明,全年5个月检测的真菌总量变化与河流的温度、流速、Fe3+,氮,磷,COD变化没有相关性。
This thesis experiments with Hejiacun section in Hailang area of Mudanjiang River, collected samples from ten typical sampling stations in March, May, July, September, November 2009 and January 2010, by means of molecular biology research to study the diversity of fungi which grow in this area. Fungi community structure and biodiversity were examined with multivariate and analysis of the correlated water environmental physical and chemical factors, discussed based on results of SPSS Statistics 17.0, Pearson analysis, and Shannon-Wiener index. This paper aimed to provide a guideline of environmental administration and protection, and restoration of the ecosystem in Hailang River of Mudanjiang.
From samples collected in Hejiacun section of Hailang River area,32 species of fungi were isolated, belonging to 5 Order,7 Family,13 Genus, among which 24 species were identified to species rate,8 species were identified to genus rate.15 species belonged to Aspergillus,6 species belonged to Penicillium,2 species belonged to Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces, Phanerochaete, Piricaulalia, Alternaria Nees, Microsporum gruby, Geotrichum Link, Cercospora Fres, Oospora and Leptomitus contented 1 species each.
Total of dominant fungi was 16, including Aspergillus nig, Aspergillusjanus, Aspergillus fumigatus var fumigates, Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, Microsporum gruby sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. var. flavus, Aspergillus restrictus, Penicillium sp., Penicillium thomii, Aspergillus carbonarius, Penicillium janczewskii, Aspergillus tubingensis, Leptomitus agardh.
The results showed that fungi communities in Hailang River fluctuated with season significantly. Total of species isolated in March、November 2009 represent winter was 33 and 31, which were the most among all the year; the least of the whole year was 21, which was isolated in July 2009 represented summer. Fungi biomass distributed the most in May 2009, the least in January 2010; spatial distribution showed fungi biomass in sampling station 1,7,8,9, 10 higher than in 5,4,3.
The whole year diversity index showed that Shanno-Wiener index was from 0.00 to 2.20, the index reached 1.79 in Jan.2010 which was the highest of the whole year, while the lowest was 0.72 in Sep.2009. From the spatial distribution of Shanno-Wiener index, sampling station 5,9 highest and 2 lowest.
Correlation analysis showed fungi diversity significant related with water temperature、P content; Shanno-Wiener index of fungi significant related with P diversification, unrelated with N diversification. The result of relational analysis of fungi biomass with environmental factors showed total biomass unrelated with water temperature, speed, Fe3+, N, P, COD.
引文
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