哈尔滨某办公楼能耗分析及节能方案研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的快速发展,城市化进程的加快,能源需求持续增高。建筑能耗约占我国总能耗的1/4左右,而空调系统能耗约占建筑能耗的30%-60%。本课题是在我国建筑节能和空调系统节能应用及迅速发展的背景下提出的。
本文通过收集和比较既有公共建筑空调系统的设计图纸,确定哈尔滨某办公建筑的空调系统为研究对象,对其展开能耗分析和节能方案的研究。并且通过现场调研,掌握了空调系统的设备容量和运行规律。
首先,利用软件DesignBuilder建立了该建筑物的模型,详细描述整个建筑的使用情况。利用能耗分析软件EnergyPlus模拟了该建筑空调期内的动态负荷及空调能耗。通过与实际能耗进行对比分析,找出原有空调系统存在的问题。
其次,根据分析模拟的结果,发现原设计存在选型偏大,结合现有的节能技术,提出合理的改造建议。重点研究了围护结构、冷水机组和夜间通风三种节能方案的可行性和节能潜力。根据建筑空调期负荷率的分布特点,确定了冷水机组最佳运行方案,夜间通风的开启时间和通风时间。分析了一次泵变频系统的可行性。
最后,利用能耗分析软件EnergyPlus对该建筑不同节能方案下空调系统的能耗进行了模拟,根据能耗模拟结果分析比较了各改造方案的节能效果。对该建筑的空调系统综合改造后的能耗进行了模拟,并分析了节能效果。
本课题为:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”(2006BAJ03A05)的一部分内容。
With the rapid development of the national economy and city construction, the energy demand increases very quickly. Building energy consumption amounts to about one fourth of our nation’s primary energy consumption. Generally,about 30% to 60% of the building energy is consumed by air conditioning systems. Under the background of the building energy efficency and the energy efficency for air-conditioning system, this thesis is discussed.
In this paper, through collection and comparison the design drawings of the existing public building air-conditioning systems, determine one office building in harbin for the study, started energy consumption analysis and energy saving scheme research. And through on-site investigation, master the equipment capacity and operation rules of the air-conditioning system.
First, use the modeling software DesignBuilder establish the model of the building, a detailed description the use of the building, use the energy consumption analysis software EnergyPlus simulate the dynamic air-conditioning load and air-conditioning energy consumption of the building during the air-conditioning period. Through compared analysis with the actual energy consumption, find the existing problems of the original air-conditioning system.
Second, based on the analysis result of the simulation, found that exist select capacity too large of the original design, in light of the existing energy saving technology, bring forward reasonable reform proposals. Focus on the envelope, chiller and night ventilation, research the feasibility and the energy saving potential of the three energy saving programme. According to the distribution of load rate of the building during air-conditioning period, determine the best running programme of the chiller, the opening time and running time of the night ventilation. Analysis the feasibility of pumping frequency.
Finally, use the energy analysis software EnergyPlus simulate the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system under the different energy saving schemes for the building, according to energy simulation results, analysis and comparison the energy saving effect of each reform programme. Simulating the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system of the building after taking comprehensive transformation, and analysis of the energy saving effect.
The topic is part of the“11th Five-Year Plan”national scientific and technological support for major projects planned”reformation of existing construction equipment research of key technologies”(2006BAJ03A05).
本文通过收集和比较既有公共建筑空调系统的设计图纸,确定哈尔滨某办公建筑的空调系统为研究对象,对其展开能耗分析和节能方案的研究。并且通过现场调研,掌握了空调系统的设备容量和运行规律。
首先,利用软件DesignBuilder建立了该建筑物的模型,详细描述整个建筑的使用情况。利用能耗分析软件EnergyPlus模拟了该建筑空调期内的动态负荷及空调能耗。通过与实际能耗进行对比分析,找出原有空调系统存在的问题。
其次,根据分析模拟的结果,发现原设计存在选型偏大,结合现有的节能技术,提出合理的改造建议。重点研究了围护结构、冷水机组和夜间通风三种节能方案的可行性和节能潜力。根据建筑空调期负荷率的分布特点,确定了冷水机组最佳运行方案,夜间通风的开启时间和通风时间。分析了一次泵变频系统的可行性。
最后,利用能耗分析软件EnergyPlus对该建筑不同节能方案下空调系统的能耗进行了模拟,根据能耗模拟结果分析比较了各改造方案的节能效果。对该建筑的空调系统综合改造后的能耗进行了模拟,并分析了节能效果。
本课题为:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”(2006BAJ03A05)的一部分内容。
With the rapid development of the national economy and city construction, the energy demand increases very quickly. Building energy consumption amounts to about one fourth of our nation’s primary energy consumption. Generally,about 30% to 60% of the building energy is consumed by air conditioning systems. Under the background of the building energy efficency and the energy efficency for air-conditioning system, this thesis is discussed.
In this paper, through collection and comparison the design drawings of the existing public building air-conditioning systems, determine one office building in harbin for the study, started energy consumption analysis and energy saving scheme research. And through on-site investigation, master the equipment capacity and operation rules of the air-conditioning system.
First, use the modeling software DesignBuilder establish the model of the building, a detailed description the use of the building, use the energy consumption analysis software EnergyPlus simulate the dynamic air-conditioning load and air-conditioning energy consumption of the building during the air-conditioning period. Through compared analysis with the actual energy consumption, find the existing problems of the original air-conditioning system.
Second, based on the analysis result of the simulation, found that exist select capacity too large of the original design, in light of the existing energy saving technology, bring forward reasonable reform proposals. Focus on the envelope, chiller and night ventilation, research the feasibility and the energy saving potential of the three energy saving programme. According to the distribution of load rate of the building during air-conditioning period, determine the best running programme of the chiller, the opening time and running time of the night ventilation. Analysis the feasibility of pumping frequency.
Finally, use the energy analysis software EnergyPlus simulate the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system under the different energy saving schemes for the building, according to energy simulation results, analysis and comparison the energy saving effect of each reform programme. Simulating the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system of the building after taking comprehensive transformation, and analysis of the energy saving effect.
The topic is part of the“11th Five-Year Plan”national scientific and technological support for major projects planned”reformation of existing construction equipment research of key technologies”(2006BAJ03A05).
引文
1潘文玉,高阳.浅谈办公建筑的节能改造.建筑安全,2007, (7): 59~61
2龙惟定,马素贞,白玮.我国住宅建筑节能潜力分析——除供暖外的住宅建筑能耗.暖通空调,2007,37(5): 47~50
3薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析.暖通空调, 2004, 34(9): 8~10
4宗晟,邹春香.我国建筑节能现状及其发展.东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006,(S2)
5中国科学院节能技术研究发展中心.中国“十一五”节能技术发展趋势研究报告.2006
6 Jiang Y. State-space Method for the Calculation of Air-conditioning Loads and the Simulation of Thermal Behavior of Theroom. ASHRAE Transactions, 1982, 88(2)
7 Delaforce S R, Hitchin E R, Wanton D M T. Convective Heat Transfer at Internal Surfaces. Building and Environment, 1993 (2)
8 Lewis, P.T.and D.K.Alexander. HTB2: A Flexible Model for Dynamic Building Simulation. Building and Environment, 1990
9 ASHRAE Handbook-1997 Fundamentals chapter 30. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta
10 ASHRAE Handbook- 1993 Fundamentals chapter 26-28. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta
11潘毅群,吴刚, V. Hartkopf.建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用[J].暖通空调, 2004, 34(9): 2~7
12于美静,王宏伟.建筑节能计算机模拟软件的研究.区域供热, 2007, (3): 69~72
13 Crawley, D.B. et al., 2001, EnergyPlus: Creating a New-Generation Building Energy SimulationProgram, Energy & Buildings, Vol. 33, Issue 4: p. 443-457
14 T. Hong, S.K. Chou, T.Y. Bong. Building Simulation: an Overview of Developments and Information Sources. Building and Environment. 2000, 35: 347~361
15刘俊杰,刘洋,朱能. EnergyPlus建筑能耗分析软件汉化用户应用界面的开发.暖通空调, 2005, 35(9): 114~118
16燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第一讲建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介.暖通空调, 2004, 34(7): 48~56
17许旺发,张旭.大型超市能耗动态模拟研究[J].暖通空调, 2006, 36(11): 106~109
18赵宇.不同类型集中空调系统能耗模拟分析及评价[D].西安建筑科技大学, 2006
19姜益强,张志强,姚杨等.用EnergyPlus模拟检验影响节能办公建筑的因素[J].建筑科学,2006,(6)
20吴薇.上海某公共建筑空调系统节能改造实践与研究[D].同济大学, 2007
21殷平.空调大温差研究(1):经济分析方法[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 62~66
22殷平.空调大温差研究(2):空调大温差送风系统设计方法.暖通空调, 2000, 30(5): 63~66
23殷平.空调大温差研究(3):空调送风大温差经济分析.暖通空调, 2000, 30(6): 75~76
24殷平.空调大温差研究(4):空调冷水大温差系统经济分析.暖通空调, 2001, 31(1): 68~72
25殷平.空调大温差研究(5):空调冷水大温差系统设计方法.暖通空调, 2001, 31(2): 64~67
26江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 30~40
27 Gommed K,Grossman G.. A Liquid Desiccant System for Solar Cooling and Dehumidification. ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 2004, 126 :879-885
28殷平, S.A. Mumma.独立新风系统(DOAS)研究(1):综述.暖通空调, 2003, 33(6): 44~49
29 Waugaman D G, Kini A, Kettleborough C F. A Review of Desiccant Cooling. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 1993, 115 :1 8
30 X. Liu, Z. Li, Y. Jiang. Annual Performance of Liquid Desiccant Based Independent Humidity Control HVAC System Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26: 1198~1207
31 Busweiler U. Air-conditioning with a Combination of Radiant Cooling,Displacement Ventilation and Desiccant Cooling. In: ASHRAE Trans. 1993, 99(2) :503 509
32 Kosar D R, Witte M J, Shirey D B. Dehumidification Issues of Standard 62 1989 .ASHRAE J. 1998, 40(3) :71~75
33王智伟,李筱玫.东京电力研究大楼低温送风空调技术应用及节能措施.流体机械, 2006, 34(9)
34江亿.商业建筑节能技术与市场分析.江西能源,2000(3):45~48
35江亿.我国建筑耗能状况.暖通空调,2005,35(5):30-40
36江亿,薛志峰.审视北京大型公共建筑.科技潮. 2004,(10):18-22
37倪德良.上海公共建筑节能潜力分析.能源技术,2002,(3);99-102
38彭姣,李峥嵘.建筑管理与能源匹配中的建筑节能.节能,2004,(5):20-21
39 Donald G.Colliver, Richard S.Gates, Thomas F.Barks. Development of the Design Climatic Data for the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals. ASHRAE Trans. 2000,106(3): 3~13
40 Sowell Edward F.Haves Philip. Efficient Solution Strategies for Building Energy System Simulation. Energy and Buildings. 2001,33(4): 309~317
41 BjarneWOlesen.Guidelines For Comfort.ASHRAE Journal.2000,23(8):41~45
42陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册.第一版.中国建筑工业出版社, 1993
43孙萍.节能住宅建筑能耗模拟研究[M].北京:北京工业大学出社,2005:25-30
44 Dr Andy Tindale. DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus[J]. The Building Energy Simulation User News. 2004 Vol 25. No.1
45 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building ThermalEnvelope and Fabric Load Tests—DesignBuilder Version1.2.0 (incorporating EnergyPlus version 1.3.0)-June2006
46刘洋.居住建筑能耗动态模拟研究与能耗计算软件的开发.天津大学硕士学位论文, 2003
47 Ouyang. K and F. Haghighat, A Procedure For Calculating Thermal Response Factors Of Multi-Layered Walls-State Space Method, Building And enviro- ment, 1991, 26(2): 173～177
48 Ceylan. H. T and G. E. Myers, Long-Time Solutions To Heat Conduction Transients With Time-Dependent Inputs,ASMEJournal Of Heat Transfer, 1980,102(1): 115～120
49 Matsuo, Y, etal. Study on Typical Weather Data , Journal of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan. 1997,48(7)
50 Akasaka.H, Typical Weather Data and the Expanded AMEDAS Data, Solar Energy, 1999, 25(5)
51 National Climatic Data Center, Typical Meteorological Year User’s Guide. NCDC,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. US Dept of Commerce, Asheville NC,1981
52汪训昌.正确理解、解释与应用ARI 550 /590标准中的IPLV指标[J].暖通空调, 2006, 36(11): 46~49
53施灵.多台冷水机组空调系统的优化控制.暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 79~80
54周巧航,赵加宁,施雪华.深圳市某办公楼空调系统节能潜力分析.暖通空调, 2004, 34(4): 19~21
55姚国梁.空调变频水泵节能问题探讨.暖通空调, 2004, 34(6): 32~34
56高甫生等.基于EnergyPlus对北方地区应用夜间机械通风预测[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,24(4)
2龙惟定,马素贞,白玮.我国住宅建筑节能潜力分析——除供暖外的住宅建筑能耗.暖通空调,2007,37(5): 47~50
3薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析.暖通空调, 2004, 34(9): 8~10
4宗晟,邹春香.我国建筑节能现状及其发展.东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006,(S2)
5中国科学院节能技术研究发展中心.中国“十一五”节能技术发展趋势研究报告.2006
6 Jiang Y. State-space Method for the Calculation of Air-conditioning Loads and the Simulation of Thermal Behavior of Theroom. ASHRAE Transactions, 1982, 88(2)
7 Delaforce S R, Hitchin E R, Wanton D M T. Convective Heat Transfer at Internal Surfaces. Building and Environment, 1993 (2)
8 Lewis, P.T.and D.K.Alexander. HTB2: A Flexible Model for Dynamic Building Simulation. Building and Environment, 1990
9 ASHRAE Handbook-1997 Fundamentals chapter 30. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta
10 ASHRAE Handbook- 1993 Fundamentals chapter 26-28. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta
11潘毅群,吴刚, V. Hartkopf.建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用[J].暖通空调, 2004, 34(9): 2~7
12于美静,王宏伟.建筑节能计算机模拟软件的研究.区域供热, 2007, (3): 69~72
13 Crawley, D.B. et al., 2001, EnergyPlus: Creating a New-Generation Building Energy SimulationProgram, Energy & Buildings, Vol. 33, Issue 4: p. 443-457
14 T. Hong, S.K. Chou, T.Y. Bong. Building Simulation: an Overview of Developments and Information Sources. Building and Environment. 2000, 35: 347~361
15刘俊杰,刘洋,朱能. EnergyPlus建筑能耗分析软件汉化用户应用界面的开发.暖通空调, 2005, 35(9): 114~118
16燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第一讲建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介.暖通空调, 2004, 34(7): 48~56
17许旺发,张旭.大型超市能耗动态模拟研究[J].暖通空调, 2006, 36(11): 106~109
18赵宇.不同类型集中空调系统能耗模拟分析及评价[D].西安建筑科技大学, 2006
19姜益强,张志强,姚杨等.用EnergyPlus模拟检验影响节能办公建筑的因素[J].建筑科学,2006,(6)
20吴薇.上海某公共建筑空调系统节能改造实践与研究[D].同济大学, 2007
21殷平.空调大温差研究(1):经济分析方法[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 62~66
22殷平.空调大温差研究(2):空调大温差送风系统设计方法.暖通空调, 2000, 30(5): 63~66
23殷平.空调大温差研究(3):空调送风大温差经济分析.暖通空调, 2000, 30(6): 75~76
24殷平.空调大温差研究(4):空调冷水大温差系统经济分析.暖通空调, 2001, 31(1): 68~72
25殷平.空调大温差研究(5):空调冷水大温差系统设计方法.暖通空调, 2001, 31(2): 64~67
26江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 30~40
27 Gommed K,Grossman G.. A Liquid Desiccant System for Solar Cooling and Dehumidification. ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 2004, 126 :879-885
28殷平, S.A. Mumma.独立新风系统(DOAS)研究(1):综述.暖通空调, 2003, 33(6): 44~49
29 Waugaman D G, Kini A, Kettleborough C F. A Review of Desiccant Cooling. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 1993, 115 :1 8
30 X. Liu, Z. Li, Y. Jiang. Annual Performance of Liquid Desiccant Based Independent Humidity Control HVAC System Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26: 1198~1207
31 Busweiler U. Air-conditioning with a Combination of Radiant Cooling,Displacement Ventilation and Desiccant Cooling. In: ASHRAE Trans. 1993, 99(2) :503 509
32 Kosar D R, Witte M J, Shirey D B. Dehumidification Issues of Standard 62 1989 .ASHRAE J. 1998, 40(3) :71~75
33王智伟,李筱玫.东京电力研究大楼低温送风空调技术应用及节能措施.流体机械, 2006, 34(9)
34江亿.商业建筑节能技术与市场分析.江西能源,2000(3):45~48
35江亿.我国建筑耗能状况.暖通空调,2005,35(5):30-40
36江亿,薛志峰.审视北京大型公共建筑.科技潮. 2004,(10):18-22
37倪德良.上海公共建筑节能潜力分析.能源技术,2002,(3);99-102
38彭姣,李峥嵘.建筑管理与能源匹配中的建筑节能.节能,2004,(5):20-21
39 Donald G.Colliver, Richard S.Gates, Thomas F.Barks. Development of the Design Climatic Data for the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals. ASHRAE Trans. 2000,106(3): 3~13
40 Sowell Edward F.Haves Philip. Efficient Solution Strategies for Building Energy System Simulation. Energy and Buildings. 2001,33(4): 309~317
41 BjarneWOlesen.Guidelines For Comfort.ASHRAE Journal.2000,23(8):41~45
42陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册.第一版.中国建筑工业出版社, 1993
43孙萍.节能住宅建筑能耗模拟研究[M].北京:北京工业大学出社,2005:25-30
44 Dr Andy Tindale. DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus[J]. The Building Energy Simulation User News. 2004 Vol 25. No.1
45 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building ThermalEnvelope and Fabric Load Tests—DesignBuilder Version1.2.0 (incorporating EnergyPlus version 1.3.0)-June2006
46刘洋.居住建筑能耗动态模拟研究与能耗计算软件的开发.天津大学硕士学位论文, 2003
47 Ouyang. K and F. Haghighat, A Procedure For Calculating Thermal Response Factors Of Multi-Layered Walls-State Space Method, Building And enviro- ment, 1991, 26(2): 173～177
48 Ceylan. H. T and G. E. Myers, Long-Time Solutions To Heat Conduction Transients With Time-Dependent Inputs,ASMEJournal Of Heat Transfer, 1980,102(1): 115～120
49 Matsuo, Y, etal. Study on Typical Weather Data , Journal of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan. 1997,48(7)
50 Akasaka.H, Typical Weather Data and the Expanded AMEDAS Data, Solar Energy, 1999, 25(5)
51 National Climatic Data Center, Typical Meteorological Year User’s Guide. NCDC,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. US Dept of Commerce, Asheville NC,1981
52汪训昌.正确理解、解释与应用ARI 550 /590标准中的IPLV指标[J].暖通空调, 2006, 36(11): 46~49
53施灵.多台冷水机组空调系统的优化控制.暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 79~80
54周巧航,赵加宁,施雪华.深圳市某办公楼空调系统节能潜力分析.暖通空调, 2004, 34(4): 19~21
55姚国梁.空调变频水泵节能问题探讨.暖通空调, 2004, 34(6): 32~34
56高甫生等.基于EnergyPlus对北方地区应用夜间机械通风预测[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,24(4)