空调通风管道的阻力性能研究
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摘要
随着我国经济持续稳定的发展,人民物质生活水平的提高,空调系统得到了越来越多的应用,与此同时,空调系统需要消耗着越来越多的电能和热能,且存在能源浪费的问题。而空调通风管道系统设计的合理性,对提高整个社会的能源的有效利用率,减少能源的浪费,起着重要的作用。
空调通风管道系统的阻力构件主要有风管,三通、四通、弯头、阀门等。由于时间有限,本课题选取三种不同材料的风管(镀锌铁皮风管、无机玻璃钢风管、铝箔聚氨酯复合风管)、弯头、三通为研究对象。
本文主要采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,对不同材料的风管的各种性能进行理论分析并对风管的阻力性能进行实验研究;对弯头、三通的阻力性能进行理论分析并对弯头的阻力性能进行实验研究。通过对实验数据的整理分析得出风管的单位长度阻力损失随风速的变化规律,并拟合出各风管的单位长度阻力损失公式,对各风管的阻力性能进行了比较分析,为工程设计提供依据;得出弯头的局部阻力系数随雷诺数的变化规律,并在此基础上研究了加大弯头曲率半径和在弯头内增设导流叶片这两种方法的减阻效果。为减小空调通风管道系统的阻力研究提供了一定数据。
本文的研究工作不仅深化了对空调通风管道系统阻力构件的阻力损失规律的认识,还为工程设计提供了管道构件的阻力系数。
本课题是“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”(2006BAJ03A05)中的的一部分内容。
With the steady economic development and the advance of people's living standard, air-conditioning system has got more and more use, meawhile, air-conditioning system needs to consume more and more electricity and thermal energy, and energy waste exists aslo. Air-conditioning and ventilation (VAC) duct system’s design plays an important role in improving the effective utilization of energy resources and reducing the waste of energy.
The main resistance fittings of VAC duct system are pipe、bend、tee、valve,and so on.Since time is limited, we only choose three kinds of different pipes(galvanized metal pipe、inorganic glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe、aluminum polyurethane composite pipe)、bend and tee for study.
In this paper, two methods, experimental research and theoretical analysis,are adopted to do theoretical analysis on various performances of different pipes and experimental study on resistance performance of the pipes; do theoretical analysis on resistance performance of the bend, tee and experimental study on resistance performance of the bend. Through the analysis of experimental data,we get the relationship between the pipe’s resistance loss per unit length and the wind speed, fitting out the formula about the pipe’s resistance loss per unit length and compare the pipe’s resistance performance,which provide some basis for design;besides,we aslo get the relationship between local loss coefficient and the Reynolds number, and based on this study we study on how to reduce the local loss by increasing the radius of curvature and setting up an guide vane in the bend, which provides the data for air conditioning and ventilation duct system’s resistance study.
This study can not only make us realize the resistance loss law of fittings in VAC system more deeply, but also provide loss coefficient of fittings for engineering design. The subject is partial content of“research on key technologies of reformation to equipments in existent buildings”, which is the technology-supported key project of national eleventh five-year plans.
空调通风管道系统的阻力构件主要有风管,三通、四通、弯头、阀门等。由于时间有限,本课题选取三种不同材料的风管(镀锌铁皮风管、无机玻璃钢风管、铝箔聚氨酯复合风管)、弯头、三通为研究对象。
本文主要采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,对不同材料的风管的各种性能进行理论分析并对风管的阻力性能进行实验研究;对弯头、三通的阻力性能进行理论分析并对弯头的阻力性能进行实验研究。通过对实验数据的整理分析得出风管的单位长度阻力损失随风速的变化规律,并拟合出各风管的单位长度阻力损失公式,对各风管的阻力性能进行了比较分析,为工程设计提供依据;得出弯头的局部阻力系数随雷诺数的变化规律,并在此基础上研究了加大弯头曲率半径和在弯头内增设导流叶片这两种方法的减阻效果。为减小空调通风管道系统的阻力研究提供了一定数据。
本文的研究工作不仅深化了对空调通风管道系统阻力构件的阻力损失规律的认识,还为工程设计提供了管道构件的阻力系数。
本课题是“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”(2006BAJ03A05)中的的一部分内容。
With the steady economic development and the advance of people's living standard, air-conditioning system has got more and more use, meawhile, air-conditioning system needs to consume more and more electricity and thermal energy, and energy waste exists aslo. Air-conditioning and ventilation (VAC) duct system’s design plays an important role in improving the effective utilization of energy resources and reducing the waste of energy.
The main resistance fittings of VAC duct system are pipe、bend、tee、valve,and so on.Since time is limited, we only choose three kinds of different pipes(galvanized metal pipe、inorganic glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe、aluminum polyurethane composite pipe)、bend and tee for study.
In this paper, two methods, experimental research and theoretical analysis,are adopted to do theoretical analysis on various performances of different pipes and experimental study on resistance performance of the pipes; do theoretical analysis on resistance performance of the bend, tee and experimental study on resistance performance of the bend. Through the analysis of experimental data,we get the relationship between the pipe’s resistance loss per unit length and the wind speed, fitting out the formula about the pipe’s resistance loss per unit length and compare the pipe’s resistance performance,which provide some basis for design;besides,we aslo get the relationship between local loss coefficient and the Reynolds number, and based on this study we study on how to reduce the local loss by increasing the radius of curvature and setting up an guide vane in the bend, which provides the data for air conditioning and ventilation duct system’s resistance study.
This study can not only make us realize the resistance loss law of fittings in VAC system more deeply, but also provide loss coefficient of fittings for engineering design. The subject is partial content of“research on key technologies of reformation to equipments in existent buildings”, which is the technology-supported key project of national eleventh five-year plans.
引文
1国家统计局. 2005中国统计年鉴.中国统计出版社. 2005
2符敬慧,浅谈我国能源现状与建筑节能.建材发展导向. 2006,(4):15~16
3江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调. 2006,35(5):30~40
4龙惟定.民用建筑怎样实现降20%能耗的目标.暖通空调. 2006,36(6):35~41
5司小雷.我国的建筑能耗现状及解决对策.建筑节能. 2008, (2):71~75
6李涛.通风管道局部构件阻力系数的实验和数值模拟研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005:29~33
7贾衡,吴阳.带调节阀片的合流四通局部阻力的研究.建筑热能通风空调. 2002, (4):56~59
8郑爱国.通风管道材料性能分析与选择.山西建筑. 2002,28(1):84~85
9肖传卿.常用通风管道的种类及性能评价.林业科技情报. 2003,35(4):39~40
10陈海安.浅析通风管道在暖通空调工程中的应用.四川建材. 2006,(6):206~208
11梁海波.浅谈我国通风管道现状.科技信息. 2007, (12):448~449
12 ASHRAE. HANDBOOK(Duct Design). 1997
13 Erwin Fried. A Design Guide for Engineers. Flow Resistance. 1999, (15):36~41
14 McQuiston. F. C, J. D. Spitler. Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual. ASHRAE. 1992, (2):94~98
15 Kalyon M, Sahin A. Z. Application of Optimal Control Theory in Pipe Insulation. Numer Heat Transfer. 2002,1(41):391~402
16 Alireza Bahadori, Hari B. Vuthaluru. A Simple Method for the Estimation of Thermal Insulation Thickness. Appl Energy. 2009:1~7
17 Donald. S.Miller. INTERNAL FLOW. BHRA. 1971
18汪兴华,吴德怀.风管标准弯头和变径管的局部阻力试验.暖通空调. 1981:22~23
19秦慧敏.关于通风管三通的局部阻力系数问题.暖通空调. 1998, (3):32~35
20赵懿珺.双弯管组合水力特性相邻影响的试验研究.中国水利水电科学研究院硕士论文. 2004:35～41
21苏沛兰,董志勇,姚科云,郭爱红. S型与U型管道阻力规律对比研究.山西农业大学学报. 2004, (4):392~395
22 Johnr. Smith, D. R. Jerold W. Jones. Pressure Loss in High Velocity Flat Oval Duct Fittings. ASHRAE JOURNAL . 1992,152(8):130~138
23贺益英,赵懿珺等.弯管局部阻力系数的试验研究.水利学报. 2003, (11):54~58
24周漠仁.流体力学泵与风机(第三版).中国建筑工业出版社. 1985:116~121
25 A.ZhivoV, P.h.D, Thory and Practice of Air Distrbution with Inclined Jets, ASHRAE . 1993,187(l): 52~53
26 A. N. Haawkins, M. H. Hosina, Ph.D, B. W. Jones, Ph.D., Acomparasion of Room Air Montion in A Full Size Test Room Using Different Diffusers and Operating Condtions. ASHRAE , 1994, (1):121~128
27 Linn. Helander, C. V. Jakowattan. Downward Projection of Heated Air. ASHRAE. 1978, (3):64~67
28 Zou Yue. Velocity Decay in Air Jets for HVAC Applications. ASHRAE. 2000, l94(2):53~55
29汪兴华.工业管道紊流三流区的划分标准.衡阳工学院学报. 1994,8(2):59~64
30杨国荣,叶大法,方伟,魏炜,胡仰耆等.低温送风系统风管保冷设计与施工.暖通空调. 2006,36(9):62~64
31 Ito K, Akagi S, Nishikawa M. A Multiobjective Optimization Approach to Design Problem of Heat Insulation for Thermal Distribution Piping Network Systems. ASME. 1982, (57):82~89
32施振球.动力管道手册.机械工业出版社. 1994:605~613
33 Aziz. A. The Critical Thickness of Insulation. Heat Transfer Eng. 1997,18(2):61~91
34夏敏文.热能工程设计手册.化学工业出版社. 1998:492~499
35李志华.管道保温层经济厚度探讨.科技动态. 2004:15~16
36代炎.中央空调低温送风系统的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文. 2004:29~36
37李涛,李安桂.弯管阻力系数的实验与数值模拟研究.山东建筑大学学报. 2007,22(2):126~130
38惠荣娜.通风管道局部构件阻力系数的实验和数值模拟研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007:5~9
39殷平.空调大温差研究(2):空调大温差送风系统设计方法.暖通空调. 2000,30(5):64~65
40王正惠,沈恒根.空调矩形风管的设计计算.建筑热能通风空调. 2002, (2)52~53
41 Shamir, U. Howard, C. D. D. Water Distribution System Analysis. Proe. ASCE. 1988,194(3):219~234
42 Epp. R.. Fowler, A. G.. Efficient Code for Steady-State Flows in Networks. J·Hyd. D. V, Proe. ASCE. 2002,l96(3):43~56
43 Sun Yi-ze. On the Method of the Automatic Modeling in Hydraulic Pipe Networks. Joumal of Harbin institute of Technology (New Series). 2003,10(2):81~88
44赵洪宾.给水管网理论与计算.中国建筑工出版社. 1986:12~13
45 HooPer, W. B. Caleulate Head Loss Caused by change in Pipe Size. Chemical Engineering, 1988, (7):89~92
46 Hooper, W. B. The Two-K Method Predicts Head Losses in Pipe Fittings. ChemicalEngineering, 1981, (24):97~100
47王桂秋.管道系统中局部阻力计算.管道技术与设备. 2000, (2):23~25
48 R. Keith Mobley. Hydraulic Fundamentals. The Plant Performance Group. 2001:639~646
49 Richard Gentle, Peter Edwards, Bill Bolton. Fluid mechanics. Mechanical Engineering Systems. 2001:112~128
50 Jian-hua Wu, Shi-ping Ruan. Emergence Angle of Flow over an Aerator. Journal of Hydrodynamics. 2007,19(5):601~606
2符敬慧,浅谈我国能源现状与建筑节能.建材发展导向. 2006,(4):15~16
3江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径.暖通空调. 2006,35(5):30~40
4龙惟定.民用建筑怎样实现降20%能耗的目标.暖通空调. 2006,36(6):35~41
5司小雷.我国的建筑能耗现状及解决对策.建筑节能. 2008, (2):71~75
6李涛.通风管道局部构件阻力系数的实验和数值模拟研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2005:29~33
7贾衡,吴阳.带调节阀片的合流四通局部阻力的研究.建筑热能通风空调. 2002, (4):56~59
8郑爱国.通风管道材料性能分析与选择.山西建筑. 2002,28(1):84~85
9肖传卿.常用通风管道的种类及性能评价.林业科技情报. 2003,35(4):39~40
10陈海安.浅析通风管道在暖通空调工程中的应用.四川建材. 2006,(6):206~208
11梁海波.浅谈我国通风管道现状.科技信息. 2007, (12):448~449
12 ASHRAE. HANDBOOK(Duct Design). 1997
13 Erwin Fried. A Design Guide for Engineers. Flow Resistance. 1999, (15):36~41
14 McQuiston. F. C, J. D. Spitler. Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual. ASHRAE. 1992, (2):94~98
15 Kalyon M, Sahin A. Z. Application of Optimal Control Theory in Pipe Insulation. Numer Heat Transfer. 2002,1(41):391~402
16 Alireza Bahadori, Hari B. Vuthaluru. A Simple Method for the Estimation of Thermal Insulation Thickness. Appl Energy. 2009:1~7
17 Donald. S.Miller. INTERNAL FLOW. BHRA. 1971
18汪兴华,吴德怀.风管标准弯头和变径管的局部阻力试验.暖通空调. 1981:22~23
19秦慧敏.关于通风管三通的局部阻力系数问题.暖通空调. 1998, (3):32~35
20赵懿珺.双弯管组合水力特性相邻影响的试验研究.中国水利水电科学研究院硕士论文. 2004:35～41
21苏沛兰,董志勇,姚科云,郭爱红. S型与U型管道阻力规律对比研究.山西农业大学学报. 2004, (4):392~395
22 Johnr. Smith, D. R. Jerold W. Jones. Pressure Loss in High Velocity Flat Oval Duct Fittings. ASHRAE JOURNAL . 1992,152(8):130~138
23贺益英,赵懿珺等.弯管局部阻力系数的试验研究.水利学报. 2003, (11):54~58
24周漠仁.流体力学泵与风机(第三版).中国建筑工业出版社. 1985:116~121
25 A.ZhivoV, P.h.D, Thory and Practice of Air Distrbution with Inclined Jets, ASHRAE . 1993,187(l): 52~53
26 A. N. Haawkins, M. H. Hosina, Ph.D, B. W. Jones, Ph.D., Acomparasion of Room Air Montion in A Full Size Test Room Using Different Diffusers and Operating Condtions. ASHRAE , 1994, (1):121~128
27 Linn. Helander, C. V. Jakowattan. Downward Projection of Heated Air. ASHRAE. 1978, (3):64~67
28 Zou Yue. Velocity Decay in Air Jets for HVAC Applications. ASHRAE. 2000, l94(2):53~55
29汪兴华.工业管道紊流三流区的划分标准.衡阳工学院学报. 1994,8(2):59~64
30杨国荣,叶大法,方伟,魏炜,胡仰耆等.低温送风系统风管保冷设计与施工.暖通空调. 2006,36(9):62~64
31 Ito K, Akagi S, Nishikawa M. A Multiobjective Optimization Approach to Design Problem of Heat Insulation for Thermal Distribution Piping Network Systems. ASME. 1982, (57):82~89
32施振球.动力管道手册.机械工业出版社. 1994:605~613
33 Aziz. A. The Critical Thickness of Insulation. Heat Transfer Eng. 1997,18(2):61~91
34夏敏文.热能工程设计手册.化学工业出版社. 1998:492~499
35李志华.管道保温层经济厚度探讨.科技动态. 2004:15~16
36代炎.中央空调低温送风系统的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文. 2004:29~36
37李涛,李安桂.弯管阻力系数的实验与数值模拟研究.山东建筑大学学报. 2007,22(2):126~130
38惠荣娜.通风管道局部构件阻力系数的实验和数值模拟研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007:5~9
39殷平.空调大温差研究(2):空调大温差送风系统设计方法.暖通空调. 2000,30(5):64~65
40王正惠,沈恒根.空调矩形风管的设计计算.建筑热能通风空调. 2002, (2)52~53
41 Shamir, U. Howard, C. D. D. Water Distribution System Analysis. Proe. ASCE. 1988,194(3):219~234
42 Epp. R.. Fowler, A. G.. Efficient Code for Steady-State Flows in Networks. J·Hyd. D. V, Proe. ASCE. 2002,l96(3):43~56
43 Sun Yi-ze. On the Method of the Automatic Modeling in Hydraulic Pipe Networks. Joumal of Harbin institute of Technology (New Series). 2003,10(2):81~88
44赵洪宾.给水管网理论与计算.中国建筑工出版社. 1986:12~13
45 HooPer, W. B. Caleulate Head Loss Caused by change in Pipe Size. Chemical Engineering, 1988, (7):89~92
46 Hooper, W. B. The Two-K Method Predicts Head Losses in Pipe Fittings. ChemicalEngineering, 1981, (24):97~100
47王桂秋.管道系统中局部阻力计算.管道技术与设备. 2000, (2):23~25
48 R. Keith Mobley. Hydraulic Fundamentals. The Plant Performance Group. 2001:639~646
49 Richard Gentle, Peter Edwards, Bill Bolton. Fluid mechanics. Mechanical Engineering Systems. 2001:112~128
50 Jian-hua Wu, Shi-ping Ruan. Emergence Angle of Flow over an Aerator. Journal of Hydrodynamics. 2007,19(5):601~606